جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Contrastive Focus » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Scrambling in Kalhori kurdish is a feature-based movement triggered by Focus feature. In this article, Scrambling in Kalhori Kurdish is studied based on Minimalism Program (Chomsky, 1995). In this language short distance, long distance and multiple scrambling occur .Specific direct object, specific indirect object, embedded object, WH – question phrase and verb phrase are scrambled constituents in Kalhori Kurdish but nonspecific object cannot be scrambled. Long and short distance scrambling can create new binding relationship which contrary to Mahajan (1990) and Miyagawa (2001) show one characteristic of A – Scrambling which can be considered a Webelhuth S Paradox. Using evidence such as the position of sentence verbs, phrase verbs and the presence of overt subject in tag question, it is proved that EPP feature on TpP cannot trigger short distance scrambling in Kalhori Kurdish. Therefore short scrambling is an A' – movement to the Spec of Focus Phrase on upper TpP. Uniformity in short and long distance scrambling as the main outcome of the study is in contrast to previous studies like Saito (1985), Miyagawa (2001) and Karimi (2005) while it is in line with Minimalism and and its main claims for minimal use of analytic devices and it is also consistent with facts of Kalhori Kurdish.

This article is a functional and syntactic analysis of simple and complex wh-questions in Persian, following the theoretical framework of a functionalist named Talmy Givon (2001). On the functional dimension, a set of interrogative pronouns are classified into different types based on grammatical functions such as subject, object, indirect object, manner, time, verb, reason, possessor, quantity, instrument, alternation, association. Moreover, semantic features of interrogative pronouns are explained in terms of the answers replaced by wh- pronouns. The semantic features, are (in)definiteness, (non)referentiality, (in)animacy. On the syntactic and typological dimension, wh-position is the position of the focused element in the sentence. Two types of focus are informative and contrastive, and the paper indicates that a conditional association exists between the two.

The present paper tries to introduce a special type of verbal constructions in "Hawrami". These constructions, called emphatic progressive verbs in this paper, are composed of two conjoined parts: the infinitive plus present continuous, past continuous, and simple past verbs; nothing but agreement clitics (either subject-referring clitics in ergative constructions or object-referring clitics in non-ergative constructions) can separate these two parts. The functions of these constructions are: forming progressive aspect (while used with present and past continuous verbs), and emphasizing the verb (while used with simple past verbs); the former function is more unmarked than the latter one. These two functions will be differentiated on the basis of Givon's (2001) view on the nature of informative and contrastive focuses. Since these constructions are highly influenced by the information status of their constituents, the derivational process of these constructions can be looked at from the perspective of the information structure theory.