جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « CoronaVirus » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Time geography is a framework for describing attainable points in a space-time environment in which time and space are combined and constructed. Due to the perspective of time geography and emphasizing the branch of epidemiology, the present study analyzes the time-space constraints of rural Employed women in the Varzeqan County in interaction with the coronavirus. Research-based on purpose is applied and in terms of nature and method is descriptive-analytical, which is a mixed research method based on exploratory design (tool development model). Sixty women were selected to take part in the survey and answer multiple-choice questions (Likert scale), of which 30 participated in in-depth qualitative interviews. To analyze the qualitative text, a theoretical approach based on the Grounded theory was adopted, in which the related secondary coding used MAXQDA software to build focused code and data management. Time geography, including concepts of timespace constraints and daily paths, is a useful framework for identifying obstacles. Work environment, job interactions, daily movements, and sexual conditions were identified as the main influencing factors. Special attention to social distancing plan is the most important influential variable in overcoming the time-space constraint of Rural Employed women in the study area in interaction with Coronavirus through social support. The geographical imagery implicit in feminist debates about the politics of time-space and placeis an example of a geography that does not deny difference in the name of global masculinity.

It is clear that the right to health as one of the fundamental human rights has been extremely important in all periods of history, especially with the development of countries and the emergence of modernity. Violation of health rights has irreparable consequences for the general public of a society and may even lead to a human disaster.  With the epidemic of the Covid-19 (Coronavirus) virus around the world and the need for timely vaccination, the importance of the right to health has been raised more than ever. One of these violations is the violation by government officials. The research method in this research is a combination of descriptive and analytical. The data of this research is collected through referring to documents, regulations, books, articles, and field study, in addition to that, it is set in the statement of the existing challenges with a critical approach in the light of presenting suggested solutions with the researcher's inferential analogy. In this research, the laws and regulations of the right to health in Iran's legal system and its violations, challenges, and approaches, we discuss the possibility of criminal prosecution of government officials as a group of people involved in violating the citizens' rights to health. The findings of the research show that there is a possibility of criminal prosecution of government officials in violation of the citizens' right to health, but there are many challenges on the way, which we will examine in detail and the available solutions.

The main difference between Coronavirus crisis and other crises has been its range of influence, in a way that it has effected many countries world-wide. This catastrophic crisis causes one million people per day lose their jobs just in tourism industry field in the world and it has jeopardized many lives around the world. The tourism industry has long been identified as one of the most vulnerable industries to crises and disasters (Biggs et al,2012:645). Health crises such as epidemics can have a negative impact on tourism, as travel can facilitate the spread of infectious diseases (Mason et al,2005:13). The World Health Organization has recommended a series of travel restrictions for countries experiencing coronavirus outbreaks. These restrictions have been applied in many countries, which has significantly affected tourism (UNWTO, 2020). Over the past 15 years, many health-related crises, especially epidemics, have severely damaged the tourism industry at the regional and international levels, such as SARS and Ebola, and foot and mouth disease (Novelli et al,2018:77). Tourism, as a fragile and highly vulnerable industry that inherently has human interaction and mobility, is more at risk than any other economy.

The present article is a developmental - applied research considering the extent of this catastrophic crisis. Data analysis according to the results of interviews was performed by Theme analysis. The process starts when the analyst begins to notice, and look for, patterns of meaning and issues of potential interest in the data – this may be during data collection. Immersion usually involves ‘repeated reading’ of the data, and reading the data in an active way - searching for meanings, patterns and so on (Braun and Clarke,2006:16).

To answer the first question of the research according to the results of interviews and research documents, the most important challenges in tourism businesses are: paying staffs salaries, paying monthly payments, rent, bills, taxes and staff insurance premiums, refund of cancelled travel funds ,impossibility of refunding paid funds for booking foreign payments and hotels, trained manpower layoffs, hotel upkeeps costs at the time of hotel closure, health and safety of staff and tourists matter, long epidemic and intolerance of travellers, widespread consequences of this event (epidemic), fear of the future, lack of necessary liquidity of travel services offices to compensate Travel cancellation (tickets, hotels, etc.), the lack of rules to compensate costs and the departure of service offices from the normal situation.Opportunities ahead are: Transformation of traditional tourism model into new model based on tourist needs, increasing digital marketing and communication with domestic and foreign tourists to build a safe and risk-free travel, maintaining and communicating with Previous and loyal customers as starting points, oopportunity for small businesses by controlling and reducing costs and flexibility to change strategy, creating parallel and complementary businesses to reduce vulnerability in crisis.According to the findings of the present study, the most important strategies for overcoming the corona crisis are: confidence building propaganda action plan, tax forgiveness and paying grant, the necessity of taking crisis management knowledge seriously, forming a crisis management team, planning target market in domestic and international levels and expanding domestic tourism for provoking demands in the country.

Regarding the first priority, the action plan of trust-building advertisements, it is possible to increase digital marketing and communication with domestic and international tourists for planning a safe and risk-free trip in Iran by observing health protocols. In order to the second priority’s execute, tax exemption and grant payment, information can be collected from experiences of successful countries like Turkey, Italy, Spain, Germany, China and Egypt. In order to execute the third priority, the necessity of taking crisis management knowledge seriously and form a management team, it is possible to collect information in area and local places and also set up small professional teams and find a safe area in related and unrelated areas. According to the forth priority’s execute, the plan of determining the target market in domestic and international level, it is possible to maintain and communicate with previous and loyal customers as a starting point (travel initiator), and also focused on identifying target countries (with white flags that have less infected by coronavirus) as well as identifying cities with white flags in designated countries. Regarding the fifth priority’s execute that is expanding domestic tourism for provoking demands in the country, it can be possible to plan the conformity market and simulate products to the tourist’s demand, as well as controlling the costs in order to improve organizational agility.

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of studying and searching coronavirus news, coronavirus infection in close relatives, death of relatives due to coronavirus and perceived anxiety about coronavirus on mental health problems. This study is descriptive in terms of method and cross-sectional in terms of time. The statistical population of this study consisted of student teachers of Farhangian University of Mashhad in the academic year of 1398-99, from which 752 people were selected from boys’ and girls’ campus as a sample group by convenience sampling and tested by general health (GHQ-28) scale and demographic questioner. The results of multivariate and univariate analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference in terms of the combination of dependent variables between groups of participants in independent variables including studying and searching coronavirus news (F=1.781, p<0.05, Ƞ2=0.009), coronavirus infection in close relatives (F=2.433, p<0.05, Ƞ2=0.013) and perceived anxiety about coronavirus (F=5.820, p<0.05, Ƞ2=0.031). According to the results of present study, it can be suggested that to intervene in mental health problems during the coronavirus pandemic, the role of studying and searching coronavirus news, coronavirus infection in close relatives and perceived anxiety about coronavirus should be given special attention.

The outbreak of coronavirus has posed a serious threat to sports businesses. The aim of this study was identifying the factors affecting participatory governance of coronavirus crisis management in sports businesses. The study was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative research using unstructured Glaser method. The statistical population consists of experts who have scientific, executive or both expertises in sports management. In the present study, the opinions of 15 experts were collected during a semi-structured interview in a purposeful way until the theoretical saturation was reached. The reliability of the interviews was 0.75 using the intra-subject agreement study method. To analyze the data, continuous comparison method was used during the three stages of open, axial and selective coding by Maxqda2018 software. 60 codes were obtained in the open coding stage and 7 axes in the axial coding stage and finally, the factors of systemic approach, compensatory strategy, NGOs, crisis response policy, media support, e-government and crisis governance were identified as effective factors. As a result, crisis management based on participatory governance can increase its capabilities in dealing with such crises due to these factors and perform better in reviving and keeping sports and sports businesses active.

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented the world with significant challenges. The infodemic surrounding this disease encompasses four main subject areas where people are seeking reliable information, but also encountering a significant amount of misinformation and rumors. These areas include: the cause and origin of the virus and disease; the signs and patterns of transmission; available treatments, prevention, and treatment options; and the effectiveness and impact of interventions by health authorities or other institutions. This also causes harm to the people in society and jeopardizes the stability of the global health system, making it challenging to address the epidemic. Access to a vast amount of false information about the Covid-19 virus can contribute to the spread of misunderstandings about the disease in society and negatively impact various aspects of people's lives, particularly their mental health. The public health crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic has been exacerbated by the effects of misinformation. In light of the spread of the coronavirus, false information has proliferated worldwide, making it challenging to discern between true and false information. The spread of fake news and dissemination of false information, much like the transmission of the coronavirus, can have far-reaching consequences on various aspects of people's lives. It can cause significant harm by perpetuating misunderstandings about the disease within society, and, conversely, contribute to the escalation of the epidemic. Considering the significant increase in research on Covid-19, it would be helpful for researchers to identify the subject areas, structure, and scientific map of articles related to the disease. This will allow them to gain a better understanding of the international subject areas and related issues in this field. Therefore, it seems necessary to expand and strengthen scientific and research studies in the field of the COVID-19 virus in order to reduce the risks and fully contain this disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to conduct a thematic analysis and examine scientific collaborations in research related to misinformation and disinformation in the field of Covid-19, based on studies from the Web of Science. 

The present study is a descriptive-analytical study with a scientometric approach. It utilizes the method of content analysis, hierarchical clustering techniques, strategic diagrams, co-authorship analysis, and social network analysis. The research focuses on articles related to misinformation and disinformation in the field of Covid-19. HistCite, Bibexcel, UCINET, and SPSS software are used for data analysis. 

Among the studies in this field, 3688 studies related to misinformation and disinformation in the field of Covid-19 were found. The keywords "social media," "vaccination," and "general health" ranked first, second, and third, respectively, with frequencies of 332, 158, and 145. On the other hand, topics such as "Covid-19 and social media" with 334 instances of co-occurrence have been assigned as study topics in this field. Additionally, the majority of works were published in 2021. Kumar S. has published the highest number of works among the authors, with 11 works. Godman B. and Haque M. are in second and third place, respectively, with 8 works each. America is in first place with 1068 works, while England and China are in second and third place with 476 and 323 works, respectively. Most of the studies have been published in English. "The International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health" has the highest number of published studies among other publications, with 96 articles. "The Journal of Medical Internet Research" and "PLOS ONE" are ranked second and third, with 74 and 44 articles, respectively. Among the institutions, the "University of Oxford" is at the top with 49 works and holds the first place, while the "University of Toronto" and the "London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine" are in second and third place with 40 and 34 works, respectively. The results obtained from the hierarchical diagram form two clusters: the first cluster includes factors affecting the creation of misinformation and disinformation in the field of Covid-19, and the second cluster focuses on the effects of misinformation and disinformation in the same field. Clusters are present in the first and third regions. 

Understanding the findings of scientometric studies in strategic areas like the Covid-19 pandemic can greatly assist researchers and policymakers in the healthcare and treatment field in making informed decisions and developing effective solutions. It can also help in creating a knowledge map and conducting valuable studies. Analysis and comparison of studies related to misinformation and disinformation in the field of Covid-19 lead to a better understanding of current trends, gaps, and dominant discourse, with the aim of improving both the quantity and quality of information. The results of this study can also assist managers and policy makers in making more informed decisions.

Today, based on research conducted by international research institutions and centers, the corona epidemic is not only considered a health threat, but it can also be considered a social threat. Changing people's lifestyles and affecting family relationships is proof of this claim. The purpose of this research is to investigate lifestyle changes caused by Corona.

the present research in terms of approach; Quantitative and in terms of type and nature, it is a survey type description. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire and the research community is one of the military units located in Mashhad. Data processing was done using spss software

The overall results of the research showed that the corona virus epidemic had a significant impact on the family lifestyle during the corona era, so that the effect of covid on the media-oriented index changed people's behavior more than other variables.

Considering the impact of Covid on media-centric, the connection between the media (social networks) and social fear, it is suggested that the authorities manage to deal with Corona rumors by informing people through the media, and in this regard, the growth of collective rationality through increasing Public awareness should be sought.

The purpose of this research was to identify the challenges of teaching physical education lessons in schools after the Coronavirus in the horizon of 2026. This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of practical targeting strategy and descriptive-analytical based on future research methods. The statistical population of this research was made up of experts in the field of physical education and curriculum planning. The selection of these people was purposeful and their number was equal to 20 people. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, and coding and structural analysis methods were used to analyze the data with the help of Micmac software. Based on the findings of the research, there are six factors, namely the increase in inactivity and immobility, the noticeable decrease in the number of student athletes, the decrease in teamwork skills, the tendency of students to electronic sports, the prevalence of height abnormalities, the decrease The interest and desire to do sports activities had the most impact and the most impact, as a result, because they had recorded high importance and uncertainty as the future drivers of the challenges of physical education. They were identified from Corona in the horizon of 2026. Based on this, in developing future plans and scenarios, it is necessary to pay attention to the above drivers, which are likely to appear in the future of teaching physical education after Corona.

The epidemic, and indeed the pandemic, of COVID-19, which has engulfed the world for over three years, has affected tens, if not hundreds of millions of people, claiming the lives of several million worldwide and leaving extensive human and financial losses in its wake. In Iran, besides the loss of life, the government's suspension of economic activities and the costs of prevention and treatment of this disease have caused substantial damage to the country's economy and individuals. These human and financial losses sometimes resulted from individuals not adhering to the guidelines of the National Coronavirus Headquarters and health protocols, and at other times, due to the actions or inaction of government officials. For example, due to improper government management, the disease spread during certain periods, leading to fatalities and financial losses for some.Considering the government's ample resources and authority for controlling the coronavirus and implementing healthcare measures, can it be argued that government negligence, shortcomings, and mismanagement will result in attributing the losses to it? This research, conducted descriptively and analytically, examines the legal provisions that address the government's responsibilities in the field of healthcare and evaluates the government's performance during this period. It can be concluded that, in some cases, the principle of "Ehsan" (benevolence) will come to the government's aid, and based on the general principle "We are beneficent to those in need," it will be immune from liability. However, in certain instances, the damages inflicted on the people due to government shortcomings can be deemed compensable.

Coronavirus and Covid-19 outbreaks have raised many questions for the public. In a short time, people were able to find the answers they needed to these questions in a variety of ways. Now, it is clear that some people use social media Question Answering (QA) Systems to answer their questions about this disease. So, this study analysis the questions, answers and the reasons of the users who use Question Answering System of ResearchGate in the field of COVID-19. This study is a survey. The Research Gate scientific social network crawler was used to extract the data. 1337 questions and 4857 answers of Q&A system of ResearchGate were collected and analyzed in the last two months of 2020 (November and December) in the field of COVID-19 or Coronavirus. The total number of retrieved data was analyzed and none were omitted. By using a checklist prepared and approved by 8 experts in information science, the type of questions (conceptual, methodological, experiences and skills and questions from other scientific sources) and answers based on citations (to the source via the Internet, to the expert, to the book, article and other offline resources) were evaluated. Due to concerns that not answering the questionnaires could pose a problem, 620 researcher-made questionnaires were distributed online to users to determine why they are using the ResearchGate question and answering system. These reasons were Finding Information, Getting Opinions, Being entertained, Socializing, Being update about contact’s information, Sharing personal Experiences, Getting promotions which have been mentioned in perez and Gomez’s research. 305 questionnaires were completely answered and all of them were analyzed according to Likert scale. Most of the questioners are men (60.6%) and 55.9% have a doctoral degree or even higher. About 61% of the respondents are men and 66.4% have a doctoral degree or higher. Americans asked the most questions (about 39%) and Europeans answered the most (about 31.5%). Respondents asked more questions about people's personal skills and experiences, and respondents referred more to Internet resources. The least resources which were used are books, papers and other offline resources. Also, users are more likely to use the ResearchGate Q&A system to find information (about 17.73%) and get Opinions (about 16.52%). The least common reasons for users to participate in this system is to be entertained or getting promotions which shows that, People use ResearchGate more as a network to access scientific information and to gain personal knowledge about other researchers than as an entertainment and leisure tool. In addition to, having a RJ score above 10 indicates the questions and answers are high quality. in order to find information and opinions of others in the field of Covid-19, people can ask their empirical and skillful questions using the question and answering system of ResearchGate. Questions and answers are of high quality due to the RJ rating above 10. Furthermore, this system allows users to identify specialists based on referrals provided to them and ask their questions directly in the field of Covid-19.

It is clear that the spread of infectious diseases causes crises and emergencies in many cases, and the government, considering that it has the broadest duties and powers in the face of a pandemic, the violation of which will result in all kinds of responsibilities of the government. Therefore the purpose of this research is to study the duties of the government, especially in the recent covid-19 pandemic, which was done with a descriptive and analytical method. According to international covenants and principles of the constitution, the health of the society should be responsible for the management of the crisis conditions caused by the pandemic, and in case of non-commitment to the duty, it brings all kinds of responsibilities of the government. It can also be defined as preventive measures, treatment measures and pandemic control, as well as support measures, especially for vulnerable groups, including the duties of the government.

Health diplomacy is one of the aspects of modern diplomacy that has become popular in many countries of the world after the coronavirus pandemic. The purpose of this article is to examine the role of health diplomacy in maintaining and continuing China's economic growth as the coronavirus spreads in the country and the world. The main question is how did health diplomacy help China maintain its economic growth while other countries struggled with a recession? The main hypothesis of the research is that the functions of health diplomacy, such as increasing relations with other states, restoring international prestige, creating opportunities for economic benefits through export development, etc., helped China to maintain its economy dynamic. A qualitative method with an analytical-explanatory approach was applied for research and a library method was used for data collection. The findings show that China has achieved the following goals in the light of health diplomacy: it has gained new markets in developing countries; it has created international prestige for this country. It has portrayed a responsible and benevolent role from Beijing. As a result of these policies, the desire to buy health goods made in China increased in 2020, and China exports increased.

Elderly is a critical period of life and it is very important to pay attention to the quality of life of the elderly, especially in critical situations of the outbreak of coronavirus. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of home exercise during coronavirus outbreak on the quality of life of the elderly. The study is a descriptive research including a sample population of 168 elderly over 60 years old in North Khorasan province in Iran. Convenience sampling was performed. To obtain the required data, a Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire was used. For statistical analysis, Kolmogorov- Smirnov (K-S) test and Mann–Whitney U test were used. All the statistical operations were done using SPSS Statistics 22 in significance level of P≤0.05. The results of study indicate the active elderly enjoyed a higher quality of life than the non-active ones considering indicators such as physical and emotional problems, physical performance limitations, and public health and pain. However, in terms of social function indicator, no significant difference was noted between them. Given the importance of people being active during the coronavirus outbreak, exercise and regular physical activity can have a significant impact on improving the quality of life of the elderly, and therefore, it is recommended that families with the elderly and nursing homes to encourage the elderly should engage in physical activity.

The recommendations and solutions provided by researchers in critical situations such as the spread of the corona virus lead us to a solution for holding sports events under special conditions in order to prevent the spread of such diseases while creating opportunities for people to participate in sports events and activities. In case of coronavirus outbreak, Offline events have shifted the public's focus from In-person and live streaming events to the web and cyberspace and it seems that in such a situation, the media and social networks and offline activities can break the spell of stillness and silence in the field of sports and open an opening to the attractive and popular world of sports. However, with many people unable to participate in their normal activities, it is important to take advantage of opportunities for physical activity and exercise in the midst of this global crisis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting participation in offline sport events during coronavirus pandemic. The research method is descriptive and survey type and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population included all participants in the offline national competitions of the three sports of sumo, petanque and o-sport in 2021, in which 300 participants voluntarily completed the researcher-made questionary. The reliability of the research tool was reported using Cronbach's alpha method of 0.92. SPSS version 24 software was used for data analysis. Finally, by using structural equation modeling based on the partial least squares approach with SmartPLS software, the research hypotheses and causal model testing of the identified variables were investigated. Findings showed that the research model has a good fit and can be used to examine the factors affecting individual participation. The effect of factors of involvement, satisfaction and attitude of individuals on their participation in offline sports events was significant. Findings also showed that the factors of event characteristics, involvement and satisfaction increase the likelihood of developing a positive attitude towards participation in these events. Attitudes, satisfaction and involvement factors in an offline sports event, can also be intermediaries between the characteristics of the event and participation in it. Finding new ways for individuals and society to participate in sports is considered a unique opportunity. Holding offline sports events can be a creative solution to reduce the negative effects of crises such as the Corona pandemic and fill the void of activities and holding sports events, because it eliminates direct and close contact between people and also reduces trips and commuting. Many researches in line with the present research consider the level of involvement, attitude and satisfaction of people to be effective in increasing their sports participation. For example, Mason (2005) refers to the attitude factor, Alexandris et al (2007) and Funk et al (2004) to the conflict factor and Noori Khanyourdi et al (2023) and Yusuf et al (2019), Soheily et al (2018) to the satisfaction factor. Since these factors play an important and influential role in their participation in offline sports events, it is necessary to examine the factors that affect these variables. It is suggested that managers and sports professionals do their best and in different ways, such as raising the quality of events, increase the necessary grounds for the satisfaction of people to participate more in such events in conditions such as the Corona crisis. The findings of the current research showed that the factors of attitude, satisfaction and involvement in an offline sports event can also be a mediator between the characteristics of the event and participation in it. The findings of this research are in line with the results of the research of Soheily et al (2018) on the mediating role of satisfaction and show that the characteristics of the event affect satisfaction and satisfaction has a significant effect on people's participation in offline sports events in this critical condition. The findings of this research are also aligned with the results of ALexandris et al (2007) and show that the involvement of people in an offline event can be a mediator between the characteristics of that event and participation in it. Also, the results of the research in line with the results of the research of Yusuf et al (2019) show that the characteristics of the event can affect the attitude towards the event, which is an effective motivational factor for attending a sports event. According to the findings of the research, evaluating the participants' perceptions is one of the useful methods that can be considered to increase their participation. In order to reduce the negative effects of the spread of the corona virus on the sports industry, sports institutions should update their communication with their fans and supporters and take the best and most advantage of virtual solutions such as online networks and official websites (Heydari et al, 2021). The findings of this research showed that the level of satisfaction, the level of involvement, the attitude towards the event and the characteristics of the event can be effective on people's intention to participate in offline sports events. Therefore, it is suggested that in order to maintain better communication with fans, spectators and enthusiasts who are the main assets of sports, these effective factors should be taken into consideration. A virus like Corona is highly contagious and its lethality is significant; therefore, it requires different management. Holding offline sports events can be an effective strategy to temporarily replace sports events in this situation. Of course, according to the findings of the research, in the successful holding of such events, the factors that affect participation should be considered. In general, it should be noted that the research model may not be able to fully express the intention of people to attend offline sports events, but knowing these effective factors can be useful in order to increase participation in sports events in situations such as the Corona crisis. Therefore, considering these factors, the current research considers the development of offline events as an important strategy in such situations, and it is suggested that managers of offline sports events provide appropriate planning for the development of participation by measuring the factors affecting participation.

This paper investigates the discourses of Covid-19 on Twitter and Instagram in Iran. Based on Foucault’s perspective on discourse and power, we have found the dominant discourses on these two social media platforms. Further, we have analyzed their relationships with the power relations in Iran as well as the hegemonic discourse. This research has been conducted using mixed methods. Following on Saldana’s two-step coding method, we analyzed a representative sample of 4,165,177 tweets and 4,919,839 Instagram posts, collected from January 21st to April 29th. Research findings showed that there were 71 micro-level and 16 macro-level discourses shaped on these two platforms. Our results showed that Instagram users mostly had a non-political and non-critical approach toward the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Also, the discourse of public negligence was among the dominant discourses on Instagram, but it had not gained much attention on Twitter. among the dominant discourses on Instagram, but it had not gained much attention on Twitter.This paper investigates the discourses of Covid-19 on Twitter and Instagram in Iran. Based on Foucault’s perspective on discourse and power, we have found the dominant discourses on these two social media platforms. Further, we have analyzed their relationships with the power relations in Iran as well as the hegemonic discourse. This research has been conducted using mixed methods. Following on Saldana’s two-step coding method, we analyzed a representative sample of 4,165,177 tweets and 4,919,839 Instagram posts, collected from January 21st to April 29th. Research findings showed that there were 71 micro-level and 16 macro-level discourses shaped on these two platforms. Our results showed that Instagram users mostly had a non-political and non-critical approach toward the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Also, the discourse of public negligence was among the dominant discourses on Instagram, but it had not gained much attention on Twitter. among the dominant discourses on Instagram, but it had not gained much attention on Twitter.This paper investigates the discourses of Covid-19 on Twitter and Instagram in Iran. Based on Foucault’s perspective on discourse and power, we have found the dominant discourses on these two social media platforms. Further, we have analyzed their relationships with the power relations in Iran as well as the hegemonic discourse. This research has been conducted using mixed methods. Following on Saldana’s two-step coding method, we analyzed a representative sample of 4,165,177 tweets and 4,919,839 Instagram posts, collected from January 21st to April 29th. Research findings showed that there were 71 micro-level and 16 macro-level discourses shaped on these two platforms. Our results showed that Instagram users mostly had a non-political and non-critical approach toward the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Also, the discourse of public negligence was among the dominant discourses on Instagram, but it had not gained much attention on Twitter. among the dominant discourses on Instagram, but it had not gained much attention on Twitter.This paper investigates the discourses of Covid-19 on Twitter and Instagram in Iran. Based on Foucault’s perspective on discourse and power, we have found the dominant discourses on these two social media platforms. Further, we have analyzed their relationships with the power relations in Iran as well as the hegemonic discourse. This research has been conducted using mixed methods. Following on Saldana’s two-step coding method, we analyzed a representative sample of 4,165,177 tweets and 4,919,839 Instagram posts, collected from January 21st to April 29th. Research findings showed that there were 71 micro-level and 16 macro-level discourses shaped on these two platforms. Our results showed that Instagram users mostly had a non-political and non-critical approach toward the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Also, the discourse of public negligence was among the dominant discourses on Instagram, but it had not gained much attention on Twitter. among the dominant discourses on Instagram, but it had not gained much attention on Twitter.This paper investigates the discourses of Covid-19 on Twitter and Instagram in Iran. Based on Foucault’s perspective on discourse and power, we have found the dominant discourses on these two social media platforms. Further, we have analyzed their relationships with the power relations in Iran as well as the hegemonic discourse. This research has been conducted using mixed methods. Following on Saldana’s two-step coding method, we analyzed a representative sample of 4,165,177 tweets and 4,919,839 Instagram posts, collected from January 21st to April 29th. Research findings showed that there were 71 micro-level and 16 macro-level discourses shaped on these two platforms. Our results showed that Instagram users mostly had a non-political and non-critical approach toward the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Also, the discourse of public negligence was among the dominant discourses on Instagram, but it had not gained much attention on Twitter. among the dominant discourses on Instagram, but it had not gained much attention on Twitter.

This study was carried out to the mediator role role of psychological flexibility in the relationship of emotion regulation and parental stress with marital conflicts during the coronavirus epidemic.: The research method was descriptive and correlational. The population was all married women in Tehran in 2020. The sample consisted of 257 who were selected by convenience sampling method. The research instruments consisted of: Marital Conflict Questionnaire (2000), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2006), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (2011) and Parenting Stress Index - Short Form (1983). The obtained information was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and Path analysis. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between Parental stress and emotional regulation with marital conflicts during the coronavirus pandemic (P <0.05). Also, the results showed that psychological flexibility in the relationship between parental stress and emotion regulation with marital conflicts during the period of corona virus is mediating (P<0/05). Therefore in order to reduce the marital conflicts, it is suggested that necessary educational programs should be implemented to reduce parental stress.

A decade has passed since the Arab Spring or Islamic Awakening (2011-2023) in West Asia, but this region is still facing social crises, and it can be acknowledged that crises are always one of the most serious challenges facing the governments of this region. This article with a descriptive-analytical method seeks to answer the question of why the crises of the Islamic world are still going on after a decade of Islamic awakening? The hypothesis of the article is that the unwillingness of governments to change the system of power has led to the spread of crises in the Islamic world since the formation of the Islamic awakening until now (in four countries). The general result of the article shows that what has caused social crises to be stable in the region for more than ten years is the lack of transformative changes in the relations between the government and the society. Social problems that have led to widespread crises in the region still exist in most countries besides, governments do not want to share their power with the people, and this course of developments has provided calls for social crises in this region. The method of data collection was library, using specialized magazines and reliable internet sources.

Today various indicators have been introduced to explain the status of a civilization, but the most important indicator is the ability to contain a crisis or manage a crisis. At different times, crises, natural disasters, and epidemics are an inevitable fact in the whole world. In addition to causing extensive and sometimes irreparable damages, crises hinder organizational goals and delay the achievement of organizational mission. As cultural and educational institutions, public libraries are not immune from the damage of crises, and various events such as floods, earthquakes, political unrest, epidemics, etc., with the negative impact of libraries, cause the stagnation of these centers. In the current research, only the crisis caused by the coronavirus or COVID-19 is considered and the consequences of the emergence of this disease on library services are investigated.

Literature Review:

Some researchers have investigated the role of groups, non-profit communities or institutions that cooperate with libraries in the COVID-19 crisis. Among these studies is the research of Kim, Choi & Jung (2020). Some studies have also been done focusing on the role of librarians in the COVID-19 crisis. Okike (2020) has examined the role of librarians in information dissemination during the COVID-19 crisis. In April 2020, the Royal Public Library Advisory Association of Georgia published an article entitled Recommendations for Library Services During the Covid-19 Pandemic, in which useful information regarding the requirements of the work environment and crisis management in libraries has been explained. Some researchers also studied the measures and services of libraries and information centers. Erich (2020) by examining 41 public, academic, and specialized libraries in Romania, measured the condition of these libraries, and how they reacted and adapted to the COVID-19 crisis. The review of previous studies shows that overcoming the crisis and its management has always been the concern of researchers and organizations, and this issue has been much more important in the case of the emerging, sudden, and surprising crisis of COVID-19 because there is little experience about this disease.

The present research was carried out in an exploratory way and with the method of observation and narrative review of researchers' works, search and observation of the performance, activities, and actions of public libraries in Iran and the world in facing the Corona crisis, and because this method emphasizes non-experientiality, therefore the researcher only searched and observed the environment and conditions without manipulating the variables. In order to obtain information and collect data required for research, two citation databases, Web of Science and Scopus, Google Scholar and Google databases, and three internal databases, Maghiran, Noormags, and comprehensive humanities portal with the keywords "crisis", "Crisis Management", "COVID-19", "Coronavirus", "Public Libraries" and their English equivalents were searched by the researcher. In addition, more than 15 websites or library portals were also checked. In terms of the time frame of the publications of the last year (late 2019 to 2020) when the coronavirus appeared in this time frame, the content was studied and reviewed.

Since the types of crises and the effects they have on societies are different, therefore, it is not possible to propose the same strategic measures to manage or deal with them. The measures used for floods, fires, or earthquakes are not the answer to the problems caused by the Corona crisis. Some experts have presented a general model for crisis management, and some have presented special models for a specific crisis due to the differences between crises. The Shobari model (2015), the Leechat model, the model of the US Federal Emergency Management Agency, and the model provided by the National Defense Organization were examined in this research. The cycle of crisis management includes the four stages of preparation, prevention, confrontation, and reconstruction. These steps are present in all models of crisis management. Therefore, the researcher has also used these basic steps to design the crisis management model of COVID-19. Also, this model is defined and designed in three phases before the crisis, during the crisis, and after the crisis.

The basic benefits and values in the management of the COVID-19 crisis and its goal and purpose for libraries and information centers are to meet the information needs and satisfaction of users. Therefore, in this research, an attempt was made to present a complete model in accordance with the current state of public libraries by examining the dimensions of this problem. This model was designed and presented in three phases before the crisis, at the beginning of the crisis, and after the crisis. In all three stages of the COVID-19 crisis management model presented in this research, the element of information plays the first and very important role. With sufficient information and its proper management by information science specialists and librarians, the critical situation can be controlled to a large extent. Regarding the model presented in the current research, it can be said that this model is a conceptual model because it symbolically presents a mental image of a series of concepts related to the disease of COVID-19 in public libraries. This model has organized almost all the information of the past researches and while reflecting the fundamental aspects of crisis management, it has summarized the differentiating activities and measures regarding the COVID-19 disease, and in the form of a fully functional template that is in line with the current conditions of the library, has provided the public services of our country.