جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Free play » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

The home quarantine period caused by the Covid-19 pandemic can affect children's perceived motor ability. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of physical maturity levels and the type of positive or negative attitudes of parents to play in green space on perceived motor competence during home quarantine. This research was a cross-sectional observational study, three hundred female participants by the mean age of 9 to 11 in the academic year of 2020-2021. The data of the present study are in the form of an online survey including 3 sections on demographic characteristics, competence, motor skills, perception and parents' attitudes toward playing in green space , was collected. To determine the status of physical maturity, the method of estimating the percentage of adulthood obtained at a certain age (Khamis-Roche 1994 method) was used. According to the analysis of variance, the main effect of physical maturity and the main effect of parents' attitude toward outdoor playing on mobility skills, object-control and perceived motor competence is significant (p <0.05). Children with normal and premature maturity levels and those children whose parents' attitudes toward outdoor playing were positive in compared to delay children and those children whose parents had a negative attitude towards outdoor playing, had showed a better movement skills, object control and perceptual motor competence. As a result, outdoor playing and playing in nature are recommended for children with different levels of maturity to develop basic motor skills during and after home quarantine.

The goal of the research is the The comparison of guided Play, free play, and direct instruction effects in children's learning of first grade science. The current research methodology is quantitative experimental study with an inter group plan and frequent measurement. The research society is the all of the boy students of first grade in Tehran primary schools located in 11 district, and in the year 2019. A school was chosen through available sampling method from the research society and 24 students were chosen randomly as subjects, amuong the students of first grade in that school, through sortition and divided into 3 groups, with contain 8 students. The research tool is a researcher made test about topic of Magnet in the first grade science book.The tool stability was investigated by “Kuder-Richardson” method and the amount was 0.86. The tool salability was examined by teachers through context stability and confirmed. Data analyzing was done by Analysis of variance (one in between) used spss software version 20. The result refer there is a meaningful variance in 0.05 level amoung the three types of learning ways:guided Play, free play and direct instructions.Also the groups comparison in learning, with considering the interactive effect express that the guided play method is more effective than the other three methods in the magnet topic learning (p<05/0). The reduce of learning in the guided play group is less than the other two methods. Up the gained results guided play method helps to learn The magnet topic for students.

Play is one of the significant components and indicators of educating system in early childhood, which is an unclear concept and act especially in the classroom because of its ambiguous definition.The goal of current research is identifying free play components in children educating – learning process. The qualitative research method is research synthesis study.The research universe includes all of the scientific resources in the field of free play during 1950-2019.The sampling method was purposive that includes the sources with enough indicators and to reach to theoretical saturation 59studies were perused.These studies are synthesis with Sandelowski and Barroso(2007)method.At last considering these researches we can provide twelve components for free play:voluntary choice , Child-centered .(active),Flexibility of the rules,Without a specific purpose, .Uncertain,Process oriented,safety,Intrinsic motivation,imagination,Deep physical and mental conflict,Enjoyable and fun,Individual and group.play, free play,. child learning.Identifying .the components of free play during Teaching-learning process in early childhood.play, free play, child learning learning

One of the most important places to create daily games and interactions between children is residential spaces in which the child is often ignored and not given an identity. If the conditions for the presence of children in our traditional homes exist at different levels, especially in open spaces and neighborhoods, and increase play, provide sensory, practical and growth stimuli. Learning and free play, environment and body, community and culture are considered as criteria for sustainable development in Tehran and are factors that are generally effective in the formation of child-friendly housing and in various forms in open, semi-open, closed areas. They define the creation of a suitable environment for the child's growth and his effective interaction with his living environment. The aim of this article is to evaluate the effects of child-friendly housing components for the sustainable development of district one of Tehran and the research method is applied in terms of purpose and analytical and survey methodology with a questionnaire. The statistical population is used by experts in the field of architecture and urban planning in district one of Tehran, which was provided to 50 people by simple random sampling method. Findings show that the highest averages are related to the variables of readability (4.30), flexibility (3.78) and sensory richness (3.76), which are important in increasing and developing child-friendly housing. According to the results of learning and free play variables with beta 0.711 has the greatest effect on the variable of housing and child. Based on this result, a standard deviation in the learning and free play variable increases the housing deviation by 0.711 standard deviation, in contrast, reducing a standard deviation in the learning and free play variable reduces the standard deviation in the childfriendly housing variable

The main goal of this study was to compare the effect of gymnastic exercises and free play on social skills and behavior problems of children aged 3-6 years. In this causal – comparative research, 200 subjects attending gymnastics and free-play classes were selected using targeted random sampling. Data was collected using preschool and kindergarten behavior scale. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for data analysis. The results revealed that there was not any significant different between the two groups in terms of social skills. However, the free-play group reported more behavioral problems in two subscales of self-centeredness and nervousness. These two types of exercises do not have an identical effect on alleviating the behavioral problems of children. Thus, a trainer with indirect supervision is necessary in children’s plays to mitigate their behavioral problems.

In the present writing, the authors go to discuss various interpretations of the concept of free play in Critique of Judgment. On the one hand, this concept plays an important role in the Critique (since the judgment of taste is based on it for its validity), on the other hand, however, Kant's explanation of this concept is not so consistent with his fundamental principles in Critique of Pure Reason. This inconsistence is caused by the fact that Kant bases judgment of taste on the free play of cognitive faculties as some mental state which is founded on no determinate notion of the object; and, at the same time, he considers a universal validity for it. But, according to the principles posed in the first Critique, universal validity of a judgment is based on its objectivity; and the basis for objectivity of a judgment is a concept of the object on which is founded the judgment. Guyer classifies attempts made to solve this problem under two precognitive and multicognitive approaches, and introduces the metacognitive approach. According to the precognitive approach, free play of faculties is the pre-condition for each and every cognition. The problem with this approach is that [in this way] every judgment will be a judgment of taste. On the basis of multicognitive approach, free play of the mental faculties will, finally, attain one concept from among some existing concepts. This interpretation is not consistent with Kant's points concerning non-inclusivity of the concept. Finally, Guyer introduces metacognitive interpretation which skips the problem instead of solving it.