جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Georges Dumézil » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Myth alongside the epic, legends and popular culture, is one of the elements that form the culture and ethnic and national identity of societies and a charter of social beliefs that is produced in the cultural context. The subject of myth is not separate from the study of religious rituals and it can be considered as a tool that explains existing beliefs and institutions by referring to religion. "Sin" as an action or behavior is an important concept; to the extent that cultural events related to it cannot be understood without understanding the concept and its motivating effects. "Darab" and "Ulysses" as mythological heroes, are cultural figures, and the subject of their "sin" is also placed as an action in the category of culture. In addition to exploring the hidden and implied meaning of the text, the theory of comparative mythology of Georges Dumezil also pays attention to the social/cultural context. The findings of this research, which was carried out in a descriptive-analytical method, showed that the trajectory of a myth and her sin in the two civilizations of Iran and Greece is clearly defined. Themes such as "deception by demons", "doubt in the creator", "pride and claim of divinity", "achieving power and fear of losing power", "disobeying the command of gods and goddesses", " Killing ritual beings and heroes", "disrespecting to fire and sowing the seeds of hatred in the human institution", is the basis of the most sins among Iran and the world. The research findings indicate that there is a fixed structure in Indo-European mythology; which remained in these cultures over the centuries and despite the geographical expansion and reforms of different religions, their traces can still be found after many years.

The current research aims to compare the actions of mythological characters from Homer's Odyssey and Darab-nama of Abu Tahir Tarsusi. This study is based on Georges Dumézil's theory of comparative mythology and utilizes a descriptive-analytical method. The primary focus is to evaluate the extent to which these characters' actions align with Dumézil's theory of three functions. In doing so, the research considers both the similarities and differences between these mythological characters. The findings of the study suggest that the main characters of Darab-nama, namely "Darab" and "Iskander," can be classified in the same category as "Ulysses." When analyzing the actions of Darab and Ulysses, it becomes evident that both characters, as kings, exhibit characteristics associated with all three functions: sovereignty, force, and fertility. However, it is important to note that Ulysses is the son of Zeus while Darab possesses divine royal glory (farre izadi). Ulysses is characterized by his intelligence and cunning, while Darab is known for his power. Furthermore, Iskander forsakes kingship for religious conquests, whereas Ulysses faces punishment for neglecting to make sacrifices to the gods. Other characters such as "Tamrusia," "Buran-dokht," and "Penelope" also play significant roles, embodying the concept of "purity" with slight variations. In the case of Odyssey, fidelity to the marriage contract takes precedence in the narrative, while in Darab-nama, religious conquest serves as the dominant discourse.

Kalila and Dimnah is one of the common literary and cultural works of India and Iran and many of its contents were written based on the Aryan thought of these two peoples. In the present article, the issue of social stratification in the chapters “The Lion and the Bull” and “Investigation of the Conduct of Dimnah” has been analyzed with a mytho-sociological approach and with a descriptive-analytical method. The mytho-sociological analysis is a method that can reveal the mythological roots of some sociological concepts. The ideas of Georges Dumézil show that classification among Indo-European peoples was one of the main structures of creating social order. Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore also hold such beliefs in their sociological studies. The analysis of the aforementioned chapters of Kalila and Dimnah with these two mythological and sociological theories shows that the structure of the story of “The Lion and the Bull” is consistent with the class structure of Indo-European societies; a class structure that does not tolerate class mobility in any way and as it is clear in the “Investigation of the Conduct of Dimnah” chapter, those who engage in class mobility will have no end but destitution and destruction. In the studied chapters, Dimnah is the agent of failed class mobility, Kalila is the defender and acceptor of stratification as an undeniable reality; and the lion, lion’s mother, and the panther, who belong to the elite class, are the protectors and maintainers of stratification as a regulatory structure. The stratification in these chapters is another form of the mythical tripartite functions of Indo-European societies, which itself has become the cause of the formation of social classes in these societies.