جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Morphometry » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Various forms of geomorphology in the region are a reflection of the rate of tectonic activities in that region. Folded Zagros structural unit is one of the active tectonic areas of Iran, where evidence of tectonic uplift can be seen in its growing anticline (Ansari Lari et al., 2019).Geomorphic indicators are a useful and reliable tool in evaluating these activities. The change in the axis of the folds causes a change in the shape of the drainage basins. Quantitative measurements of the watersheds and drainage network of the region make it possible to study the role of active tectonics in changing the shape of the landscape and geomorphological effects of the region by measuring geomorphological indicators. Many geomorphological indices.In the current research, the watersheds and drainage networks of anticlines in the southwest of Ilam have been studied. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the morphometry of the drainage networks of this region based on geomorphic indicators and its relationship with the tectonics of the region.

In this research, first, scientific sources have been collected through library research. Research data includes DEM 30 meters STRM, topography map 1:50000, geological maps 1:100000, 1:250000 and Google Earth images. In order to evaluate the indicators and also prepare the final output map of the software Zmap, Arc Hydroo, SPSS, Arc Gis and of the indices ∆a, Ha, Dd, R, Bs Hi, Hs, AD, AR, FSI are used in order to investigate the tectonic relationship. The results of the indicators were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and the seismic data obtained from the ZMAP software were extracted and the seismic status of the basins was evaluated.And finally, the final result of the tectonic activity status of each of the sub-basins has been determined.

In this research, basins with parallel pattern and scaffolding have the highest increase in indicators R,RB,Hi,a,LN1 and have tectonic activity. The drainage pattern in most of the tectonically active areas is scaffold and parallel pattern(often on the side of anticline) and in some cases a branch pattern is seen in comb or eroded anticlines. According to the type of formations in the region, the waterways in Siah Kouh East and Samour flow in the direction perpendicular to the anticline axis. The difference in the results of morphometric indices is related to the type of formations in the region. Among the anticlines , the highest value of Δa is related to the black anticline of the to anticline Siah Kouh east (6.5), in anticline of Samour-Siyah Kouh East, the highest index LN1. The highest value is related to (Sieh Kouh East and Samour) with numerical values of 3.28 and 3.26 and In the Bifurcation index (R), the highest value is in anticline, Samour 23(0.34), 37(0.69) and The Siyah Kouh East (0.39) and the Siyah Kouh western is obtained (0.43) and in the hypsometric integral index (Hi).The highest Hi related to basin 32, 39 with a value of 0.67, 0.68 and basin 33 with a value of 0.56 (Siyah Kouh East). In the examination of HS, AR, FSI, Ad indices and seismic data of the regionAccording to the changes in the geometry of the folds in the region, the highest amount of tectonic activity in anticline, in order of age. In the Siyah Kouh East, the Siyah Kouh western, Samour and Gnu can be seen. in relational investigation between geomorphic indicators using Pearson's correlation coefficient between Dd-Dd1 indicators There is a strong positive correlation and On the other hand, there is a strong negative correlation between the pair of Dd-Hi indices

The present research shows that the use of indicators to determine tectonic activity together with other sources provide valuable information about regional developments and the drainage network are among the most important features that have been used in this study., Changes in the geometry of folds in the region in some parts of the region have caused significant differences in the pattern of the drainage network and the anomaly of waterways. The indices (AD, AR, Hs, Fsi), It indicates the most tectonic activity in the eastern Siah kouh, according to the age of folding and the amount of erosion, the ratio of the direction of folding, the distance between the axes of the anticlines and the inequality in the two edges of the anticlines. The differences in the type of indicators are somewhat dependent on the type of regional formations and the type of faults and changes in the geometry of fold.In examining the statistical compatibility between the studied indicators, this point is also determined that the differences in the formations of the region have the greatest impact on the variables. In the calculation and analysis of the seismic parameter are observed. The highest frequency of indices ∆a, Af, Df, Dd, FLi.Hi and branch drainage pattern according to the type of formation is obtained in the eastern and southeastern parts, away from the ZFF fault and close to the MFF fault. and in the western and northwestern parts of the region, the indices of ∆a, R, RB have the highest frequency ratio and the highest a-value parameter and other geomorphological evidences according to the type of formation of the region and lithology and the pattern of parallel drainage and scaffolding. In general, the most active basins in the region are basins 42 (east), 31 (south), 11, 18 (center) and 2 in the west of the region, and among the taqdis, Siah Kouh Sharq and Samourmi, and the highest ratio of abundance in Dd, R, RB, LNI, ∆a, Bs, indicators has been obtained in these basins from the point of view of geology. The ratio of the pattern of waterways network is also changed from branch to scaffolding and parallel according to these activities. there is a connection between flowing waters with different patterns and the way of formation of waterways with different ranks and branches and tectonic activity andForms of erosio and they can be reasons for hydrocarbon traps or water sources.

Gilan province is one of the most populous regions of the country, with a population of 2,530,696, making it the twelfth most populous province of Iran. These areas have become unstable due to factors such as the increase in immigration and the lack of recognition of the effective landforms in the quality and quantity of groundwater, especially in coastal areas, and require proper management and potential. Alluvial fans are an important landform in the plains that start from the mouths of the rivers coming out of the mountains and continue to the lowlands of the plains. In the present research, after identifying the boundaries of alluvial fans in the low-altitude eastern and central plains of Gilan province, the morphometric characteristics of each alluvial cone were calculated independently and quantitative analyzes of the geomorphic features of alluvial fans were provided. Therefore, in this article, we have tried to identify the boundary of the morphometric changes of alluvial fans according to statistical classification, and determine the ratio of changes in underground water parameters, so that the results of this research will help to identify underground water sources according to the morphometric characteristics of alluvial fans. Also, the results of this study show that geomorphic studies before carrying out implementation plans can be the basis for reducing errors in determining the right place to feed an aquifer or dig an underground water well.

The alluvial fans in the east and center of Gilan province are located in the geographical range of 40.50° to 49.00° east longitude and 30.36° to 25.37° north latitude (Figure 1) and are influenced by the Anzali and Darya lagoon catchments. These areas, with an area of 3820 square kilometers, start from the west of the city of Masal and continue to the city of Chabaksar (originally the political border of Mazandaran province) in the east.In this research, first, information on the depth of water table, standard deviation of time changes of water level, well discharge and electrical conductivity of 23559 rings of drinking, agricultural and urban wells were obtained from Iran Water Resources Organization. Also, the border of 28 alluvial cones was drawn using Landsat 8 satellite images, Sentinel 2 satellite and 1:50000 topographic maps in Arc Gis software. The parameters used and how to calculate them in this study for alluvial fans are: area of alluvial cone in kilometers, radius of the cone, sweep angle, height of the top of alluvial cone, height of the base of alluvial cone, degree of roughness of the cone, length of the cone, slope of the alluvial cone, concavity of the cone Alluvium, the length of the base of the cone, the volume of the alluvial coneAfter extracting morphometric data and groundwater data for each alluvial cone, statistical methods and tests were used to make decisions about the impact of morphometry on groundwater parameters. For this purpose, SPSS version 23 software was used to classify the morphometrics of alluvial fans using cluster rank-order cluster analysis and its tree diagram was drawn. In the current cluster analysis, Euclidean geometry was used to determine the distance of members from each other.
Then, each separated cluster was evaluated separately by Pearson's correlation test, and the correlation of the morphometric parameters of each cluster with the changes in the groundwater parameters of that cluster was measured. In the end, RFFLOW software was used to draw the model of the influence of geomorphic parameters.

Due to the fact that the flow rate of the wells in the alluvial cone largely indicates the stable or unstable potential of underground water in the direction of exploiting these resources. Therefore, the results of the correlation test of flow rate with alluvial cone morphometry show that the area, length and total volume of alluvial cone in the study area have a positive correlation of 99% with the groundwater discharge of the area. In fact, with the increase in the area, length and volume of alluvial cones, the amount of water that can be extracted from the wells increases. This point has a positive and strong correlation of 99% with the height of the top and base of the cones, which indicates that in alluvial cones whose morphometry is higher than others, the amount of groundwater flow is also at that time. Alluvial cones are more. The slope of the alluvial cone, as an important factor in the duration and degree of water infiltration in the soil, has a negative and strong correlation of 99% with the flow rate, which indicates that by reducing the slope, the water flow rate has been reduced to a minimum. underground increases.

The results showed that the changes in discharge, electrical conductivity and depth of the sedimentation surface from the total of 11 morphometric parameters of the alluvial cone are affected by the morphometric characteristics with the amount of 82%, 45% and 45% respectively. are considered important for identifying and zoning the appropriate potential of underground water on a larger and local scale. Based on this, the highest amount of discharge can be observed in the alluvial cone of the third cluster. The reason for this issue is the direct relationship between the volume and area of the cone with the changes in the underground water flow. Also, in the third cluster, with the increase in the area of the cone from the average (19.3 km) to the maximum area (71.3), the flow rate of the wells also increases. The depth of the water table is also not significant because of the same conditions in the entire region and the water table depth of all three clusters is close to the total average .In general, the results of this research showed that geomorphological landforms and the difference in their morphometric characteristics can be used as an important indicator in evaluating the potential of underground water and can be used as a model in the studies of underground water in areas with the climatic characteristics of the studied region.

Glacier cirques show the characteristics of past glaciers and climates. In this research, the analysis of 39 glacial cirques in the catchment area of Jajrud River was done. For this purpose, Arc GIS software and Google Earth images were used. The parameters of length, width, height of the top of the circus, height of the floor of the cirques , area, perimeter, ratio of length to width, ratio of length to height of floor and ratio of width to height of floor were used to check the morphometry of cirques. For each of the morphometric parameters, statistical factors of coefficient of variation, standard deviation, average, maximum and minimum were calculated and estimated in Excel. Then R2 values or coefficient of determination were estimated for each of the parameters and a scatter diagram was drawn. Finally, the correlation matrix was estimated using the Pearson correlation coefficient for all factors. The highest abundance of cirques is located in the southwest direction. The maximum height of the cirques is 3800 meters and belongs to the geographical direction of the south.The highest correlations between length and width parameters were observed at the rate of 0.9936. The results show that the cirques in the north-facing slopes have a lower height. This indicates the high nutrition of these cirques and their significant volume in the Pleistocene period. Investigations showed that more developed cirques have more area, less height and less length to width ratio than less developed cirques .

Doline is one of the most characteristic and basic surface and morphological forms of karst, as a result of the chemical effect of water on limestone that occurs in different shapes and sizes. Dolines differ in morphological characteristics. In the present study, after identifying the valleys in the karst areas of the Zagros, their dispersion and change of morphological characteristics such as length, width, area and depth in relation to altitude and climate, citing documentary sources such as geological maps 1: 100000, digital elevation model layer with strength 12.5 m resolution, satellite imagery, 1: 50,000 topographic maps, and 49-year-old Esfzari temperature and precipitation databases were analyzed in Arc GIS, Mapper Global, and Excel software. The study of different parameters of Zagros valleys in different altitudes and climates indicates that their shape and depth have been affected by Quaternary climate change. At lower altitudes, where water is more involved in dissolution than low temperatures, the dolines are nearly circular in shape and stretch at higher altitudes and the lower the temperature and the greater the likelihood of the doline turning into a glacial-doline circus, the more elongated the doline becomes. The compression coefficient of the dolines also indicates that their elongation and length increase with increasing height; in this way, at an altitude distance of 500-1000 meters, the ratio of circles for every 1000m increase in height increases by 0.8 and the compression coefficient decreases by 0.9. At an altitude distance of 1000-2000m, with each increase of 100m, the ratio of circles is 0.44 and the compression coefficient is 0.1. In the 3700-3000m floor, the circular ratio decreases by 1.2 with each elevation of 1000m, and the compaction increases by 1.3.

Tectonics geomorphology is one of the most important modern scientific disciplines. Quantitative analysis based on defined morphometric indices is an available and relatively low-cost and fast method that is used to understand the differences in the amount of tectonic activities in young landscapes. These indices are used as a basic identification tool to detect tectonic deformations or to estimate the relative variations of tectonic activity in a particular area. However, these studies are more sensitive in areas consisting of volcanic rocks, especially for the precise definition of sub-basin boundaries. The study area that consists of outcrops of volcanic rock and young deposits is located in the south of Salafchegan; on the border of Qom-Markazi provinces. Six morphometric indices were measured to determine neotectonic activity: Stream length gradient index (SL), Ratio of valley Floor width to valley height (Vf), hypsometric integral (Hi), drainage basin shape (Bs), drainage basin asymmetry (Af), and transverse topographic symmetry (T) for each sub-basins. After calculating the indices, averages of them, and the relative active tectonic index (Iat), the area was divided into four different tectonic zones based on activity ratio. In this categorazation, category 1 to 4 respectively represent the highest to lowest tectonic activity. It was also found that 2.86% of the basins are in category 2, 51.43% in category 3, class and 45.71% in category 4.

Glaciers provide researchers as important sources for obtaining environmental information, water resources, agriculture, as well as climate change trends in the past, present and future.In the study of glacial circuses, allometric and morphometric study of circuses helps to identify the nature and how the processes affect during different periods on these glacial landforms.By measuring the dimensions and geometric shape of these landforms with mathematical and statistical methods, a lot of information about environmental and climatic conditions can be extracted from them.In this study, the morphometric and allometric indices of circuses in the heights of Silveh Basin in northwestern Iran on the border of Iran and Iraq have been identified, classified and analyzed using geomatic models and new methods invented by Seif (2014). For this purpose, digital DEM altitude map (10 meters) (received from Aster satellite), topographic map sheets of 1 / 50,000 Piranshahr and Sardasht, geological maps of 100,000 Naqdeh and Sardasht and Google Earth satellite images were used. Arc GIS 10.5, Global Mapper18, Google earth, Surfer11, Minitab16, Excel software have been used to produce composite maps and extract the required data and information. After determining the study area and cutting it using the DEM map, the layers needed to identify and analyze the morphometric and allometric parameters of glacial circuses were prepared and produced To identify and classify the glacial circuses of the region, the methods of Rudberg-Wilburg and Evans-Cox have been used. For morphometry and allometry of circuses in this area, indices such as (W), (L), (H), (W / H), (L / H), (L / W), and the size of circuses have been used. . Based on the research results, 33 glacial circuses were identified in the heights of Siloheh basin, of which 2 circuses are in N2 category, 11 circuses are in N3 category, 15 circuses are in N4 category and 5 circuses are in N5 category. Allometric study of basin circuses shows that the coefficient b for the longitudinal axis of circuits N3, N2 is equal to 0.88 and for circuses N4, N5 is 0.90 which is B <1. As a result, the allometric behavior of the circuses in this area is negative and in general, the circuses studied in this area have a lower degree of development and Quaternary glaciers have had a poor performance in this basin.From the glacial circus formed in the heights of Silohe Basin, according to the Wilburg and Rudberg classifications, 2 circuses are equivalent to 6.06% of the total circuses in category N2, 11 circuses are equivalent to 33.33% of the total circuses in category N3 and 15 circuses, equivalent to 45.45% of all circuses, are in N4 category. Also, 5 circuses equal to 15.15% of all circuses are in N5 category. According to Evans and Cox classification, there are 2 circuses in the good and developed category, 11 circuses in the definite category, 15 circuses in the weak category and 5 circuses in the border category in the study area.The average amplitude of the coefficient b changes for the longitudinal axis of circuses N2 and N3 is higher, ie these circuses move more towards evolution and development. In N2 and N3 circuses, the coefficient b for the longitudinal axis of the circuses is equal to 0.90. This value is equal to 0.90 for N4 and N5 circuses. In circuses of both categories is B <1. This indicates that the allometric behavior is negative for the longitudinal axis of the circuses of both categories. Also, the coefficient a is 0.92 for the transverse axis of N4 and N5 circuses and 0.70 for N2 and N3 circuses. Also, there is no isometric situation for circuses of both categories. Therefore, in general, the activity of glaciers during their rule and now has not had much impact on the development and evolution of circuses in these altitudes, and circuses in these altitudes need a long time to grow and develop. Glaciation in these roughnesses acts as valleys and due to tectonic activity, circuses have less development and evolution.In the study of glacial cirques, the study of regional power and strength of cirques helps to identify the nature and how the developers of the effect during different periods on these glacial landforms. By measuring the dimensions and geometric shape of these landforms with mathematical and statistical methods, a lot of information can be extracted from them in terms of environmental and climatic conditions. The purpose of this study is to identify, classify and also analyze the morphometric, allometric and isometric characteristics of glacial cirques in the heights of Silveh basin on the border line between Iran and Iraq in West Azarbayjan province. In this work, the digital elevation model and its adaptation to the slope map classified in the software environment has been used. To identify and classify the glacial cirques of the region, the methods of Rudberg-Wilburg and Evans-Cox have been used. For morphometry and allometry of cirques in this range, indicators such as (W), (L), (H), (W / H), (L / H), (L / W), and the size of circuses are used. Be has been. Based on the results of the research, 33 glacial cirques in the heights of Silveh basin were determined, of which 2 circuses are in N2 category, 11 cirques are in N3 category, 15 cirques are in N4 category and 5 circuses are in N5 category. Examination of the forces of the basin shows that the coefficient b is 0.88 for the longitudinal region of N3, N2 circuses and 0.90 for N4 circuses, which is B <1. As a result, the behavior of the power forces is regional, and in general, the circuses under study in this area are not less than the degree of development, and Quaternary glaciers in this basin have had a poor performanceKeywords: Glacial Cirques, Morphometry, Allometry, Silveh Basin

Morphotectonics is a science that determines the effect of active tectonics by using geomorphic indicators as a measurement and quantitative description of landforms and landscapes. Morphotectonics provides quantitative measurements that can be used to identify areas with active tectonics. In this study, using quantitative morphometric indices obtained from morphotectonic studies, a part of Central Alborz (Marzanebad and Taleghan cities) has been studied and five hierarchical anomaly indices (a∆), branching index (R), Basin shape (Ff), drainage density (Dd) and roughness coefficient (Bh) were calculated in 19 drainage sub-basins. In these areas, each of these indices is classified into five groups: very high, high, medium, low and very low, and finally the relative active tectonic index (Iat) is obtained. Based on the results of this study, the Caspian, North Alborz, Dozdben and Kandovan and North Taleghan fault basins are in very high and high groups, which indicates the impact of these faults on the active tectonics of the region. Due to these high values, it is expected that the seismic risk of the region will increase due to fault rupture. The density of recent earthquakes in the region confirms this.

The concept of morphometry involves the measurement and numerical analysis of land surface, shape, dimensions and form of land. In relation to flooding, watershed morphometry includes quantitative indicators describing watershed physical characteristics that control the pattern and quantitative characteristics of floods such as amount, time of occurrence, delay time, and flow hydrograph. Unusual development of cities due to population growth and consequent land use change has caused disruption of hydrological balance and increased flooding of basins. The purpose of this study was to prioritize the sub-catchments of Zab River based on a novel combination of morphometric analysis and statistical correlation and zoning of flood potential under sub-catchments.

to disregard for human and social sub-basins, which has a great impact on the hydrological processes of the catchment. Based on the validation results, the Shinabad and Sufian basins have the highest priority, and the new method of morphometric analysis and statistical correlation have considered them the highest priority for managers' attention.The elongation ratio helps to understand the hydrological characteristics of the drainage basin and ranges from 1 for circular basins to 0 for extended basins and its high values ​​indicate the shape of the basin circle, high peak discharge and high flood potential. Is. The values ​​of tensile strength in all sub basins are more than 0.5 and indicate high potential for flooding. Straller (1964) considers the circle ratio a quantitative measure for visualizing the shape of the basin. High values ​​of this parameter indicate circular shape, high to medium ruggedness and low permeability in the basin, which causes peak discharge in less time. The ratio of the circular ratios under the Lavin Tea Basins is 0.17, Copar 0.19, and Zab Small 0.27, indicating relatively low flooding potential in this parameter. The amount of this parameter is 0.35 under Shinabad basin and 0.31 under Sufian basin which indicates their higher flood potential in this parameter (Table 7). The branching ratio is an important parameter affecting peak runoff hydrograph discharge with high values ​​indicating high instantaneous discharge and flood event. The mountainous and steep areas have a split ratio of 3 to 4. Branching ratio values ​​indicate low flooding potential except for Shinabad basin which shows this ratio of 6.19 and this ratio indicates high flood potential
 

Since hydrological units are based on morphometric parameters to prioritize flood mapping, firstly, using channel networks and elevation curves, topographic maps of 1: 50000 and digital elevation data are analyzed. The boundaries of the hydrological units became. Then, because the catchment morphological parameters have different effects on soil erosion processes and runoff formation, prioritization of the sub-basins was done in a new way based on the difference of morphological parameters and statistical correlation analysis between them. Morphometric parameters were calculated for all sub-basins in GIS software. Then, statistical correlation of morphometric parameters was performed based on the t-Kendall method using SPSS software. Based on the correlation matrix we can analyze the relationship between the parameters and define the relative weight for each parameter without All twelve variables including circular elongation ratio, branching ratio, flow frequency, drainage density, drainage texture, compaction index, shape factor, mean slope, roughness ratio, roughness, and roughness number for all sub-basins are calculated in Table 2. The Kendall correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between Validation results showed that the new method of morphometric analysis and statistical correlation did not perform well in prioritizing all sub-basins, but this method was accurate in identifying the most priority sub-basins (most acute conditions). The reason for this may be due to the lower performance of morphometric analysis and the characterization of waterways in low-slope catchments. Also, the precise reason for not estimating the priority of some sub-basins is due.

The selected twelve parameters are directly related to runoff and flood potential. Therefore, high values ​​of parameters have a direct relationship with runoff and flood potential due to their greater impact on the selected twelve parameters. Indicator (Cv) values ​​for each sub-basin are obtained from averaging of 12 indices and accordingly sub-basins of Shinabad and Sufis with high flood potential, sub-basin with small potential and sub-basin zab basin. Copar and Lavin Tea have physiographic and morphometric characteristics of the sub-catchments have a great influence on flooding and hydrological behavior, it is possible to study the status and potential of flooding below the catchments. In this research, in order to potential of flooding, firstly, Zab sub-basins were prioritized based on the new method of morphometric analysis and statistical correlation. Based on this method, the results showed that the Shin abad and Sufi basins are the top priority for the implementation of management measures to ensure.

Cirques have long been used as a direct indicator of the extent and nature of old glaciers, so they are an indicator of past climates. The heights of Kerman province with high altitude and snow cover as a cold-humidity center in Central Iran, has glacial landforms such as cirques, valleys and glacial sediments. Among these landforms, cirques play a very important role in supplying water to large parts of the region by storing snow and ice. Morphometric and geoalometric analysis of glacial cirques in the region can reveal environmental changes and climate fluctuations during the Late Quaternary period.

A total of 884 glacial cirques were identified in the area and plotted on a graded map in two linear and polygonal formats. By fitting the power models to the longitudinal profile of the cirque works, the coefficients and statistical parameters of the circuses in the region were extracted. cirque classification operations were based on the methods of Wilburg and Rudberg, Evans and Cox. For the morphometry of these cirques, parameters such as (L), (W), (H), (L / W), (L / H), (W / H) and the size of the cirque are used and its morphometric characteristics.

 To accurately identify the location of glacial cirques, the study area is divided into 81 sub-glacial basins. Of these, 19 sub-basins are located in Jupar heights, 12 sub-basins in Khyber heights, 16 sub-basins in Jabal Barez heights, 15 sub-basins in Plovar heights and 19 sub-basins in Bidkhan, Hezar and Lalehzar heights. At altitudes above 3,000 meters below the glacial basins, 884 glacial cirques in the area were identified, classified, and drawn on a map in two linear and polygonal formats. There are 133 glaciers in Bidkhan heights, 231 in Lalehzar heights, 262 in Hezar heights, 91 in Jopar heights, 66 in Pluvar heights, 85 in Jabal Barez heights, and 16 glaciers in Khyber heights. In the developed cirques, the studied area has a greater ratio of length to width of these cirques, and according to the longitudinal axis, these circuses are stretched in the direction of the valley and have a longitudinal shape. At the heights of Bidkhan, Hezar, Jupar and Jabal Barez, the coefficient of change of the transverse axis of the evolved cirques is higher than the coefficient of change of their longitudinal axis. Accumulation of ice and snow in cirques of this category and the lack of movement of ice and snow due to its small volume and melting, as well as the activity of running water causes the destruction of cirque walls and increase the coefficient of change in the transverse axis of cirques of this category In the heights of Bidkhan, a thousand mountains have become visible. In Jupar heights, most of the roughnesses are composed of Kerman conglomerate formation, along with the lower limestones. Glacial erosion combined with erosion due to melting and freezing of ice has caused erosion of the side walls of the circuses and as a result has increased the coefficient of variation along the transverse axis of the circuses of Jopar Heights. The average coefficient b for the longitudinal axis of cirques N2, N1 N3, Bidkhan heights, Lalehzar, Hezar, Jupar and Jabal Barez is less than 1. In general, the coefficient b for the longitudinal axis of the cirques of these heights is equal to B <1. As a result, allometric behavior is negative for cirques at these altitudes. Low coefficients b for cirques in this category indicate the low impact of glacial erosion on the evolution of these cirques. The average coefficient b for cirques N1, N2, N3 of Plovar heights is equal to 1.0171. In these cirques it is 1 

 At the heights of Bidkhan, Hezar, Jupar and Jabal Barez, the coefficient of change of the transverse axis of the evolved cirques is higher than the coefficient of change of their longitudinal axis. Pluvar Heights has the largest cirques in the region with its cirques of 1194.5 meters. After that, the heights of Barez Jabal with cirques of 1176.7 meters are in the next rank in terms of the size of cirques in the region. In the study area, Jupar Heights with circuses of 994.9 meters has the smallest developed cirques in the region. The average coefficient b for the longitudinal axis of the cirques of category N2, N1 N3 of Bidkhan, Lalehzar, Hezar, Jupar and Jabal Barez heights is less than 1. In general, the coefficient b for the longitudinal axis of the cirques of these heights is equal to B <1. As a result, allometric behavior is negative for cirques at these altitudes. The average coefficient b for cirques N1, N2, N3 of Plovar heights is equal to 1.0171. In these cirques it is 1 <B. In these cirques, the allometric situation is somewhat established. The average coefficient a for the transverse axis of cirques N1, N2, N3 of Lalehzar heights is equal to 0.72, in heights of one thousand equal to 0.96, in heights.

Anticlines are the most prominent surface landforms whose geometry and morphology reflect mechanism of their formation and are keys to assessing the existence of deep faults that are effective in their formation and are among the most important seismic sources.Detachment folds are formed by buckling of the rock units in response to shortening and are typically symmetric folds. Alternatively, asymmetric folds at the surface may be forced by the propagation of thrust faults at depth (fault propagation folds) or result from thrust movements along footwall ramps in the sedimentary pile (fault-ramp folds).The Zagros folds have often been interpreted as completely detached along the Hormuz salt.Structurally, the study area is a part of the folded and coastal Zagros whose geological structure is simple and gentle and comprises a series of near-compact anticlines with a near-vertical axial surface and a northwest-southeast trend.Outcrops of lithological formations in the study area include Surmeh, Fahliyan, Gadvan, Dariyan, Kazhdumi, Sarvak, Ilam, Gurpi, Pabdeh, Gachsaran, Mishan, Aghajari and Bakhtiari. In the northwestern part of the Kangan anticline, uplift of salt diapir along the Darang Fault has led to the exposure of limestone, shale, dolomite and anhydrite units of the Khami Group.Assaluyeh is one of the most important economic bases in Iran and also one of the largest energy production areas in the world. With the rapid development of Assaluyeh region and increase of residential, urban and industrial constructions and refinery facilities, without attention to environmental hazards and especially earthquakes, it seems necessary to conduct this research.The aim of this study was to investigate the morphometric characteristics of the Assaluyeh, Veravi and Kangan anticlines and its relationship with active tectonics in the region.

At first, topographic, drainage network, slope, slope direction and tectonic maps of the anticlines were prepared using digital elevation model data, Landsat imagery and field surveys. Then, the geomorphic quantitative indices of the fold front sinuosity, aspect ratio, fold symmetry index, fold surface symmetry index, anticline crestline index, fold elevation index and spacing ratio were calculated. Qualitative studies were carried out on drainage pattern indices, triangular facets, wineglass valleys, linear valleys, fault scarps, springs, alluvial fans, etc. Finally, the relationship between all geomorphic and tectonic parameters was analyzed.

Fold symmetry index is one of the most important parameters that show the degree of inequality of the two limbs of the anticline and thus the intensity of tectonic activity. In a completely symmetric anticline, the value of this index is 1, while in an asymmetric anticline the value of this index is less than 1. The index values for all three anticlines are less than one, but the Asalouyeh anticline shows more asymmetry, indicating a high tectonic activity on the anticline.The fold front sinuosity index indicates the degree of tectonic activity or age of the folding system. The values obtained for this index in the three anticlines indicate that the anticlines are young and the tectonic forces are dominating the erosion.
The high value of the aspect ratios indicates the elliptical shape of the anticline, which is caused by the high stress perpendicular to the axis of the anticline. The index for Varai, Kangan, and Asalouyeh Anticlines are 0.7, 0.5 and 0.5, respectively, which again indicates nearly high tectonic activity in all three anticlines.The spacing ratio index at the northern flank of Varavi and Assalouyeh anticlines and the southern flank of  Kagan anticline indicate a high value. Quantitative index of surface symmetry of folds also shows that all three anticlines are asymmetric and the asymmetry of Asalouyeh anticline is greater than Kangan and Varavi anticlines.The drainage pattern is another indicator that, in the absence of tectonic evidence, can be a key to identifying tectonic activity.The existence of asymmetric fork drainage networks is evidence of active tectonic evidence indicating lateral growth of anticlines. According to this criterion, Varavi anticline has grown to the northwest.Comparison of the valleys shows that most of the valleys in Kagan anticline are of wineglass type whereas in Asalouyeh and Kangan anticlines linear valleys are more abundant. Some of these valleys are formed along transverse faults. The presence of numerous alluvial fans in the slopes of the Varavi anticline, indicates rapid erosion of the valley bed due to the rapid uplift and increasing valley slope. The presence of elongated and narrow V-shaped valleys is another evidence of the high tectonic activity of this anticline.

In seismicity studies and identification of hidden or blind fault studies, geophysical and geotechnical methods are expensive, time-consuming and require special equipment and are performed on a small scale. With the availability of landforms and features, risk assessment will be done at a lower cost, faster, and on a larger scale, if a relationship between landscapes and earthquakes can be established.The geometry of the folds reflects the mechanism of their formation. Asymmetrical folds are associated with deep faulting and a detachment horizon, where the movement of sedimentary layers on the detachment horizon or at the tip of the hidden faults can cause an earthquake. The three anticlines of Assaluyeh, Varavi and Kangan are also part of the folded Zagros and have the characteristics of the folded Zagros.In this study we defined a new index related to fold morphology, called fold surface symmetry index. Also we used fold morphology to detect the presence of detachment horizons and faults in the core of anticlines and their relationship to seismic hazard risk.The results of this study show the transverse profile asymmetry of all three anticlines due to the association of these anticlines with the longitudinal faults in the anticline core and along their axes. The results of measurements of aspect ratios, fold front sinusitis, anticline ridge, and study of drainage patterns and tectonic landforms such as fault scarps, triangular facets, linear valleys also confirm the high tectonic activity of all three anticlines and the potential for earthquake hazard due to the movement of deep faults or any segments of them.

A doline consists of a superficial enclosed depression in karst areas, similar to a crater with one or more cavities in the bottom landform, which permit underground drainage of water. We also used the morphometric parameters collected in the fieldwork to analyze and characterize the shape of dolines in the study area. Different soil samples were collected from 3 locations (out- wall - bottom of4 doline) at 15 cm depth. We conducted several chemical and physical analyses that allowed us to compare soil properties in the two different doline sections. And the samples were evaluated in the laboratory for measuring soil texture parameters, lime content and ph. Soil analysis showed the different characteristics of soil in the different place of dolines. The dolines were more sub elliptical and elliptical and may not be a well-developed swallow hole. The results show an irregular distribution in the study area. The doline density differed within the plots in our study area, as results showed. The axes of length and width show a certain asymmetry. The dolines were more sub elliptical and elliptical and may not have a well-developed swallow hole, at the bottom of the doline. Evaluation of the characteristics and high density and of solution dolines in the study area indicate the development of karst geomorphology in the Gorazbon region.

Analysis of the Properties of the earth's surface, which can be influenced by climatic, hydrological, intrinsic properties of formations and neotectonic activities, plays an important role in recognizing the physical Properties of the Watershed. On the other hand, understanding the physical Properties of the Watershed is one of the first steps required in morphological and hydrological studies. This research tries to study the shape of the earth's surface in Fahliyan watershed using morphometric indices. For this purpose, 6 geomorphometric indices, total curvature, profile curvature, surface curvature, TRI index, TPI index and TWI index were selected and using the relationships for each index and using relevant extensions in ArcGis 10/3 software, each map These indicators were prepared. The results of calculating the total curvature show that more than half of the surface of the basin (52.80) has a concave curvature and 47.20 percent of it has convex curvature. Also, the lower and upper limits for curvature of the surface were -2.99 and 3.96 respectively and for the curvature of the profile were -4.87 and 4.2 respectively. Accordingly, the lower and upper limit of the TPI index, which divides the mode of nodule and bulge, was calculated as <-4.2 and >, respectively. The values of the TRI index, which are somewhat different from the height of one pixel with their adjacent eight pixels, were calculated from 0 to >14. And finally TWI index values that indicate the soil moisture condition in the order of <-1.5 to >5.5 calculated. The percentage of the area of each of these indicators in the Watershed, which was obtained in the results of this study, can be used in various watershed planning including erosion and sediment, Landform Classifcation, identifying and introducing areas involved with landslide hazard, flood studies, studying and studying resources Groundwater and… to be used.

The purpose of this essay is to investigate the morphometry of catchment areas in the Zagros morphotectonic unit using the Horton principle of erosion status. Erosion is a natural phenomenon that has always been associated with the Earth since the formation of it, but over recent centuries it has taken an upward trend because of population growth, resources constraints, industry development and increasing human interference in natural ecosystems (Ghodsipour, 1395: 143). By eroding their bed for adjusting the bed profile, rivers increase their sedimentary load and its amount depends on the type of bed and the factors influencing the river speed (Majnoonian, 1378: 4). Production has always been expected to increase with the use of advanced agricultural methods, but unfortunately, this increase has been accompanied by a decrease in soil fertility due to erosion (Hudson, 1394: 469). The term “river morphometry” can be used to measure the geometric characteristics of a river. In fact, morphometry is a quantitative analysis of the geomorphic characteristics of the landforms of a region (Bayati Khatibi, 1388: 25). Morphometric analysis is one of the effective methods for prioritizing sub-basins, which can indicate the status of the basin drainage network (Mousavi et al., 1396: 250).

For this purpose, the whole geomorphic unit of Zagros was first divided into eleven water basins. These water basins were then extracted in 271 sub-basins. The next step was to rank the channels using the Horton and Strahler methods. The Horton principle and the other researchers’ terms were used to investigate the erosion status of sub-basins. Morphometric characteristics divided into three categories: formal, linear, and topographic parameters. In order to obtain the erosion classes, after calculating the parameters, all the factors for calculating erosion were averaged and classified. According to calculations conducted, the coefficients were obtained that had to be classified and analyzed. The difference between the maximum quantity and the minimum quantity of the coefficients was obtained and the result was divided by five, and then it was summed with the minimum quantity of calculations and the obtained quantity, which was the smallest number, was coded as 1 and similarly, the next number was summed with the quantity obtained from (Max - Min / 5) and the code 2 was assigned to the answer obtained and all the numbers smaller than that. In the same way, up to 5 classes were classified.

The result shows an inverse relationship between occurrence of erosion and average quantity of total morphometric parameters. In other words, a lower average quantity of the total morphometric parameters indicates a more prepared condition for erosion; therefore the situation will be more critical and threatening. The classification shows that many factors have affected erosion, including; the area and length of the channel, permeability and inequality.
In the Zagros morphotectonic unit, the length of the dry stream is also directly related to erosion. Morphometric analysis shows the drainage network of the dendritic basin. A change in slope and topography might be a change in the flow-length ratio. Lithology, tectonics and the climate of that region have had a great impact on the erodibility of this unit. Also, the increase in the number of channels and their length in the drainage basin indicate an increase in erosion. Basins with very high ranking are likely to have high altitude, high slope and deep valley topography, which indicates a strong drainage structure and thus they are more exposed to intense motion of the brae.

Separate geological facies and lack of cement between particles and soil granules are major factors leading to erosion, sedimentation and debris flows. Moreover, lack of cement between particles and granules in channels can cause lateral erosion, increased amount of sediment and reduced stability of soil aggregate and formations. The erosion status of the Zagros morphotectonic unit was estimated based on the results and was classified into 5 groups. According to Figure (3), it can be stated that in this unit the erosion status is predominant, high and medium, which has been affected by lithological, tectonic and climatic factors. According to figure (4), very low erosion prevails over the coastal sub-basins of the Zagros unit, while low erosion is more centralized in some springhead and coastal sub-basins. Figure (7) indicates that many sub-basins with moderate erosion have a larger area than sub-basins with high erosion. As the sub-basins area shrinks, high erosion has prevailed. Very high erosion is scattered throughout the unit. In the sub-basins of this erosion status, the same logic prevails as in the sub-basins with high erosion and with the shrinking of the sub-basins, erosion has become too high.

Study of geometric style of folding and their deformation analysis is one of the most important Geological topics of Zagros orogenic belt. Khaviz anticline is located in Khuzestan province and in the Zagros folded-thrust belt in the hanging wall of mountain front fault (MFF). This anticline is one of the most important anticlines of the Zagros; its importance is due to the Maroon's permanent river that passes from the middle of the anticline and divided it into two halves. This anticline has been studied by using morphometric forms such as triangular facets, win glass valleys and index of sinuosity of mountain front, Morphotectonic. The purpose of this study, is check the status of anticline Khaviz in terms of tectonic activity especially present age activities; with the help of the results of this study the status of constructed buildings on this anticline and in its vicinity, especially storage dam of maroon in terms of geological hazards can be evaluated. This shapes and indicators were studied in two anticline limbs individually; According to the results of this study it was found that mentioned Morphotectonic indicators has a direct relationship with the amount of tectonic activity and accordingly can be said that Khaviz anticline is in active status in terms of relative tectonic activity and also its northeastern limb than southwestern limb, it shows of own more activity. This feature can be due to existence Mansourabad subsurface anticline in the south west of Khaviz anticline and with distance less than a kilometer from it that has been leading to formation of back thrust in northeastern limb of Khaviz anticline and create more tectonic activity in this limb

Surface sediment's particles diameter is closely related to dominant processes of developing surface morphology of landforms. This study investigates the relation between sediments texture and gullies development in southern plains of eastern Alborz using statistical analysis and measuring the particles' diameter in four pilots in Garmsar-Seyyed Abad, Iran. The pilot sites were selected based on differences and similarities of surface morphology using satellite imageries and field studies. Samples were collected from bottom, middle, and upper part of gullies. After measuring the weight and doing sieve analysis of representative samples, the results were analyzed using GRADISTAT software in the form of graphs and tables. In addition the morphometric index was measured collecting 800 samples from 5*5 m boxes. The results showed that the surface sediments are derived from multiple sources which indicates the difference of effective processes over time (sites 1, 2 and 4, covered by gravel pavement called sandy gravel, sited 3 covered by gravely sand. Site 1 and 4 are derived from two sources, site 2 is three sources, and site 3 is single source). Poorly sorted sediments indicate that the size and type of gully's surface and deep sediments have not been able to fully affect on gullies development in all sites. Therefore, gullies development is not only related to sediments texture and diameter, but also consideration of more important factors such as tectonics processes is required in these sites.

Karst is a set of geological processes and phenomena resulting from the dissolution of rocks . It is characterized by forming’s and Openings, erosion of formations and conditions of the stones, a specific type of water circulation , a certain type of local topography and the special regime of drainage network. Karst outcomes usually categorized as surface, subsurface and bathetic or internal complications.formation of Karsty phenomena such as karst pits, caves, Pole, graik and great fountains are As a result of secondary porosity.( Floria, 2005) Karst sinkholes are known as a karst erosion landforms and a proper criterion to identify Environment conditions in different periods. (pike,2011) Given the importance of Karst sinkholes, identifying and mapping distribution of karst sinkholes and their characteristics of forms are the needings of the Environmental science and geomorphology.( Van.Beynen ,,2011) Landforms are representing the processes that affect the Earth surface in the past and present and provide important informations about The characteristics and potentials of the Earth.( Bates,1987) quantitative and numerical geomorphology studies, spatial and statistical features and the correlation of spot features. also the basic principles that Geomorphomety emphasizes on that is the relationship between the form of roughness and it’s numerical parameters for explaining Processes that are involved in the formation and evolution of landforms. Kermanshah plain with an area of 5/739 km2 is located on the west side between 34 ° and 8 minutes and 32 seconds to 34° and 33 minutes and 52 seconds of north latitude and 46 degrees 22 minutes and 54 seconds to 47 degrees 00 minutes 31 seconds of East longitude from the Greenwich meridian and an average height of 1410 meters above sea level.

The basis of the identification and classification of landforms is based on Geomorphomety .Geomorphomety is about the quantity of the primary elements of morphology of the land such as slope, Slope orientation, height and relative height difference between elements, the elements relative location to each other, the condition of drainage network and Convexity or concavity of the elements.(Dehn,2001) Input data in the Geomorphomety studies is the digital model of height in Raster form and with square cells that In some cases the digital model of Earth surface could be replaced with it.( Mull,2002) In this research in order to identify the quantitative characteristics of the sinkholes in the region of Kermanshah Plain Geomorphomety indices including second grade derivatives of RTP index , indices of curvaturas parameters and finally sinkholes clustering are used. Important Curvaturas parameters including curved slope parameters (the amount of tilt in all directions), curvature profiles (at all levels) and the curvature of the plan (at all levels). Calculation of all types of curvature in digital model of raster elevation is pixel by pixel and for each cell a quartic poly-Tamyal equation is used (Equation 1 and 2)(Bishop,2000): 1) Z=Ax2y2 +Bx2y+Cxy2+Dx2+Ey2+Fxy+Hy+1 2) (SD – min D) / (max D-min D) To extract geo-morpho-metric indicators of Kermanshah Plain of digital elevation model with a resolution of 10 m, 1: 25,000 Topographic maps of mapping organization prepared and used for Geomorphometric analyzes .in order to evaluate the quantitatively landforms formation 55 units (sinkholes) were identified. Input data In the first phase are slope layer, sinkholes layer and DEM, which after entering each layer to zonal statistic as table command tables obtained. After extraction of Geomorphomety indices, average values and The maximum and minimum for each class, landforms obtained. Finally cluster analysis and output maps obtained from average data.

Kermanshah plain with elongation morphology, along the North - South, is among a collection of mountain and is limited from the north side to praw-bistoon mountains and from the south to White Mountains. In this region There are various forms of karst area from different landscapes such as sinkholes with enormous distribution. In order to existance of superelevation praw (bistoon and white mountains) in northern and southern regions of Kermanshah Plain, sinkholes affected fold and thrust belt, faults and breakage impact . based on the results we've achieved Sinkholes formations are simple, compound and complex.the role of faults is Dominant in the formation of Sinkholes in this region. The results of the rtp index represents this.the length of a small number of curvature sinkholes (11%) somewhat softened and in areas away from the fault in the lowlands has a softer morphology compared with heights which have jagged and rough morphology. Results of curvature index represents that curvature slope index,profile and plan have more performance in indicating the morphometery features of landslipy Sinkholes. based on the final clustering 89 percent of our sinkholes located on a main cluster And fault factors (tectonic) causes the formation of sinkholes on the heights and In terms of of the genesis and morphometric features they are the same (rugged and rough topography) and there is no dramatic difference between them.

cirques are the major forms of glacier and its shape is the most important factor in determining glacial conditions. Accurate identification and morphometric and allometric analyzes of cirques will distinguish and distinguish them from other cirque -like effects and identify their evolution. The main purpose of this study was to identify, classify and morphometry glacial cirques of Jabal Heights in Kerman province based on new geometrical techniques and methods. 16 cirque glacier under the glacier basin, based on the digital elevation model and its adaptation to the slope map classified in the software environment, 200 glacier cirques were identified in the study area and plotted in linear and polygonal formats. By fitting power models to the circular longitudinal profile, the cirques coefficients and statistical parameters were extracted. The cirques classification was carried out according to the methods of Wilburg and Rudberg, Evans and Cox. For the morphometry of these circuses, parameters such as (L), (W), (H), (L / W), (L / H), (W / H) and cirque size were used and their morphometric properties were investigated. Is. According to the results of the research, there are 60 N1, 67 N2, 42 N3 and 31 in the high altitudes of Jabal. In cirques of both classes B <1. The results of geo-geometric analysis of cirques of different classes in this area indicate that cirques in this area were not typical glacial cirques or that glacial erosion did not play a major role in their formation.

Relationships between alluvial fans and catchments are a basic concept in geomorphological studies and many empirical models have been used to study the variation between the properties of an alluvial fan and its drainage basin. TheTalesh Geomorphological Unit in northern Iran is one of the most important units in the country and so far, no morphological and morphometric study has been done on its coastal alluvial fan cones. Alluvial fans of the Talesh coastal plain are one of the most important geomorphological units in the region, with distinct differences in shape, size, and factors affecting their evolution The purpose of this study is to investigate the morphology of alluvial fans, and analyze the role of morphology and lithology of catchments in the alluvial fan geomorphology of this area using statistical relationships.

Basin and alluvial fan boundary extracted using Alos-Palsat elevation model, 1: 50000 map and Quickbird satellite images in Arcgis and Hec-GeoHMSsoftware.Ab catchment area ,Cb: highest basin elevation ,, Pb: basin perimeter,, Lc: river length ,, Rb: basin , (minimum difference and maximum basin height,), Db drainage network density as well as: M Melton coefficient in basins and Af: Alluvial fan area, Apf: apex, Lf: length of alluvial fan, Sf: Slope of alluvial fan, Cf alluvial fan,Ltf toe length of alluvial fan and alluvial fan volume (V) calculated and used In this study. In order to better analyze the factors affecting the formation of alluvial fans, using cluster analysis and n SPSS software, alluvial fans that are most similar together they were classified into 5 classes. Moreover, the role of the main factors in the formation and morphometric changes of alluvial fans was investigated.

Based on the variance of factors among the variables measured in catchment related to variables: drainage basin area, catchment area, basin height difference, total length of channel network, basin elevation height, and melaton coefficient. Alluvial fan volume, Alluvial fan apex height, cone length, and cone slope. The results of the correlation matrix show the influence of the variables of melton coefficient, area, perimeters, roughness and erodibility of the basin on the geometric shaping of alluvial fans. Alluvial fan area has the highest correlation with catchment area of 0.629 and basin environment of 0.616 and erodibility of rock and sedimentary units with 0. 536.The effect of melton coefficient on other geometrical parameters of the basin is also quite clear. Among the catchment variables, cone slope with melton coefficient (-0.59) , length of cone (-0.569) , height of cone vertex (-0.525) , and difference of vertex height and cone height (-0.558) The highest correlation with the Melton coefficient of cone base length has the highest correlation with basin roughness (0.558) and later with erosivity 0.55 and basin environment (0.552). Among the statistical methods used to communicate and correlate between catchment geometric parameters and alluvial fans, allometric relationships show a very strong correlation between catchment area with alluvial area and melton coefficient with alluvial fan slope.Allometry results show a very strong positive correlation coefficient of about 0.78 between catchment area and alluvial fan area.The relationship between basin area and alluvial fan slope in the study area using this relationship was weak and positive. The relationship between the melton coefficient of the basin slope is inverse. The results also showa strong positive correlation of 0.75 between these two parameters

The results show that the most important factor in decreasing or increasing the area of alluvial fan in this area is catchment area and with decreasing basin area, the area of alluvial fan also has a decreasing trend and shows a linear correlation coefficient of 0.41. The Melton coefficient, which takes into account the role of catchment area roughness and roughness, is the most correlated variable with volume, slope, cone length, apex height, and alluvial fan height difference in the study area. Correlation matrix, linear correlation and allometric matrix relationships were used to investigate the correlation between parameters. The results show that in addition to the relationship between catchment area and alluvial slope slope, relationships between basin area and alluvial slope area, as well as slope and melton coefficient, the coefficients obtained by allometric method are much better than other statistical methods in relation to the relationship between Morphometric variables have catchment and geometric shape of alluvial fans.The results show that in addition to the relationship between catchment area and alluvial slope, the relationships between basin area and alluvial area as well as melton coefficient and slope coefficients are much better than the other statistical methods in relation to the relationship between Morphometric variables have catchment and geometric shape of alluvial fans. Keyword: Alluvial fan, Morphometry, Allometry, Talesh Unit

The shape of the cirques is a reflection of topographical and geological factors, the type and duration of the effects of the glaciers. To accurately identify glacial cirques, the exact consideration of the size and shape of these forms, it seems necessary to use modeling and mathematical and morphometric relationships (morphometry) for geomorphologists. Morphometric studies of glacial cirque are a new technique for quantitative study of cirques in relation to various environmental factors. Morphometric and almetric surveys of glacier landforms help to better understand the characteristics of long-standing glaciers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the morphometric parameters of glacial cirques, their classification in terms of degree of evolution, the impact of various factors (geological, topographic and climatic factors) on their development in the mountain Jupar.

To Identification the classification and morphometry of the glacier cirques of Jupar altitudes in Kerman province, glacier cirques of 7 submerged basins, based on a digital elevation model and its adaptation to a gradient map classified in the software environment of 91 freshness cirques in the study area Identified and drawn. Then, fitting the power models on the longitudinal profiles of the cirques, extracted the coefficients and statistical parameters of the cirques in the region. For morphometry of these circuses, parameters such as (L), (W), (H), (L / W), (L / H), (W / H) and cirque size was used. Is. For the classification and classification of cirques, the Wilburg and Rudberg, Evans and Cox methods have been used. In the Wilburg and Rudberg methods, cirques are classified into five categories: N-1, N-2, N-3, N-4, N-5 Was ranked. According to the Evans and Cox rankings, the cirques are divided into five groups, classical, good and developed, definite, weak, and boundary. For alometry and isometric measurements, the cirques of the mountain Jupar of fitted power models have been used.

Based on geomechanical techniques and new methods for determining the glacier cirques, 91 glacier cirques were detected in the Jupar Altitudes Identified and drawn. According to the Wilburg and Rudberg 8, the circus is equal to 8.79% of the total number of cirques in N2, 33 cirques are equivalent to 36.26% of the total number of cirques in N3 and 15 cirques, equivalent to 16.48% of the total cirques. N4. The minimum size of cirques in the category N2 and N3 is 706 and its maximum is 1527 meters. The mean longitudinal axis of the cirques is 645 m with a coefficient of variation of 19.42 m and the mean axis of the cirque is 5770.5 m with a coefficient of variation of 76.65 m. The average length to width ratio of N4 and N4 cirque peaks is 1,1713 feet, indicating the length of the cirques in this category. The coefficient of variation of the longitudinal axis of the cirque is 23.27 m and the coefficient of variation of the lateral axis of the cirque is 27.23 m. Unlike the N2 and N3 cirques, these cirques have little variation in the direction of the transverse axis. The average height of the circus is 343.9 m. The lowest level of cirques in the category N4 and N5 Mountains is 623.3 m and its maximum is 1578.7. The average range of cirques changes in the category of N2 and N3 is higher and their coefficient of variation is higher. Average ratio of cirques length to floor height is 1583/0 m. The average width to depth (floor height) is 136 m. The volume of ice in these cirques is not so great that it can deepen the depth of the cirques. As a result, the depth of the cirques in the N4 and N5 regions is low and the volume of snow and ice storage in these cirques is low.

The mean longitudinal axis of the cirques of the N2 and N3 categories is 645 m with a coefficient of variation of 19.42 and the mean of the transverse axis of the circus is 5770.5 meters with a coefficient of variation of 76.65 meters. The average length to width of cirques is 1/141 m with a change coefficient of 84.8 m. The cirques of this category extend in a longitudinal direction. The average length to width ratio of N4 and N4 cirques peaks is 1,1713 feet, indicating the length of the cirques in this category. The coefficient of variation of the longitudinal axis of the cirques is 23.27 m and the coefficient of variation of the lateral axis of the cirque is 27.27 m. The height of the cirque of the N2 and N3 range varies from 2814 to 3888 meters. The average width to depth (floor height) is 170.0 m. The average length of cirque length is up to 192.0 m. The average floor height of the cirque of the N4 and N5 is 3334.3 m. Average ratio of cirques length to floor height is 1583/0 m. The average width to depth (floor height) is 136 m.In cirques N2 and N3, the longitudinal coefficient of the cirques is B 1. The result of an almetric study of various cirques in this area indicates that the cirques behavior of the region is not consistent with other glacial regions of the globe. The cirques in this area were not primarily glacier cirques or glacier erosion did not play much role in their formation.