جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Shorayari » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Pivotal-neighborhood is based on "organizing and managing city affairs with the help of citizens living in neighborhood" and leads to faster resolution of urban issues and problems. According to this pattern, a local institution is formed from the gathering of representatives of the neighborhood. The institution is known in various cities as the "Shorayari" or the "Neighborhood Social Council". The aim of present study is to find the position of neighborhood management and neighborhood council in Iranian administrative law. Accordingly, the theory of decentralization was investigated and avoidance of centralized urban management and distribution of power at the neighborhoods were discussed under that theory. Also, the constitution, ordinary laws, judicial procedure and approach of the executive branch of the Islamic Republic of Iran were reviewed and the position of pivotal-neighborhood in them, was explained. In addition, in order to analyze the obstacles facing pivotal-neighborhood, the limitations of city councils as empowering centers to neighborhood councils were assessed. This article used a descriptive-analytical method and results showed that pivotal-neighborhood model and neighborhood councils have a strong support in legal ideas and constitutional of the Islamic Republic of Iran but its position in the ordinary laws and judicial procedure is not acceptable and over the years, it has not been able to prove its effectiveness. In the end, it was suggested that two measures be taken: First, the powers of city councils should be increased and integrated urban management should be formed. Secondly, the issue of neighborhood councils goes beyond the level of approvals of city councils and is approved by the Assembly as a law.

It is two years that the council of neighborhood confidants is developing and interacting as the supervising and consulting party of Tehran city council. In the present study the concept of cooperation is studied on the basis of Aizen and Fishbein theory, which is the theoretical body of the research. Based on the theory of aforementioned writers the affecting factors on the citizen cooperation including subjective and objective ones were identified and after designing the questionnaire the sampling process of the citizens and confidants started. The total population for citizens and confidants is 385 and 345 respectively with 0.05 as the error degree. Data gathering was done according to a field study of 5 zones in Tehran. After analyzing the data based on the Carl Person coefficient test, chi 2, this cooperative pattern was investigated. The results show that the effect of cooperative pattern on confidants is by far more than its effect on citizens. The pattern regarding the factor of intention for cooperation is more successful in providing the possibility of cooperation. Furthermore it can be claimed that confidants are more effective in instigation of internal factors of the act of cooperation than its external factors. Finally, although the confidant councils have not found their proper status among citizens, they are important in providing the ground for the cooperation of Tehrani citizens