جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « kid » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

This research aims at identifying the criteria of genre analysis in lyrical novels, specifically a comparative study of Christian and Kid by Houshang Golshiri and To the Lighthouse by Virginia Woolf. This is a descriptive-analytical research based on library resources. In this process, the main features of lyrical poetry, as the origin of the lyrical genre, have been compared based on theories proposed by Ralph Freedman, who initiated the discussion on lyrical novel in world literature. In this regard, five intratextual and extratextual genre analysis factors of the novel have been considered: formal and content-related factors (content, color and plot, narrator and point of view, character and characterization, language and tone, and scene), the relationship of the work with discourses, external function of the work, and audience. The results of examining genre analysis factors have been measured with the components of the lyrical genre. According to the research findings, the aforementioned novels belong to the lyrical genre. The genre analysis of these novels reveals the following: formal and content-related features serve the lyrical components (introspection and highlighting); they correspond with psychological novels and the stream of consciousness; modernist discourse predominantly prevails in them. During periods of sociopolitical turmoil or time of stability and overcoming basic life needs, the works whose authors tend to introspect, are more prevalent. They have individual and artistic external functions; their readers are active and engaged in internal identification with the character. Accordingly, the position of genre analysis of the two Persian and English lyrical novels becomes clear.

The importance of the suitability of urban spaces for different groups using these spaces is not hidden from anyone. Building an urban environment compatible with children's moods will have a major contribution to their social maturity and personality development. The change in the way of life and the advancement of technology in cities, especially big cities, has changed the lives of children; children are separated from daily experiences in the natural world. The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the cultural, recreational, and tourism spaces of Mashhad city, especially for children, and to examine the obstacles to children's tourism and to provide solutions for its empowerment and development in Mashhad city. Physical, ecological, cultural and social dimensions. The descriptive-analytical research method was based on library and documentary studies, field investigations, and questionnaires, and SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The findings show that among the tourist places of Mashhad city, Koh Sangi complex with an average of 3.8 has a better status than other places in providing special services to children. It provides better conditions and facilities. In the end, according to the correlation relationship (Pearson and linear regression) between the performances of executive mechanisms, it showed that there are necessary executive mechanisms to operationalize the regulations, standards, and criteria for the development of children's tourism in Mashhad, but this mechanism for someReasons, projects related to the field of research are not fully implemented. Therefore, this study, by using the strategic planning process, while identifying the capabilities and limitations of children's tourism in the city of Mashhad, has tried to provide solutions and practical strategies to be determined to improve the recreational and tourism spaces in the children's tourism sector in the city of Mashhad.

In this article, we try to examine the parallel between the form of Houshang Golshiri’s novel Christine and Kid and the social construction of consciousness in its time. At first glance, the novel seems to be a personal account that cannot be sociologically analyzed; however, this article seeks to show the inherently social nature of this novel’s form. The theoretical part is the historical formulation of Lukács’ thought based on his five major works on the sociology of literature. The article tries to show that the social construction of consciousness at the time of writing Christine and Kid was centered around the issue of “the encounter with the West”; In terms of this issue, we have distinguished three social groups in Iranian intellectual society: on the one hand, pro-Western and anti-Western groups, that have dealt with the issue through an “essentialist” approach, and, on the other, a third group that has tried to discard this dualism and consider the “contingent” nature of the issue. The purpose of this article is to explain how the form of this novel is connected with the construction of the consciousness of the third group. The findings show that the form in this novel is shaped by the combination and interplay of several components: the process of knowledge, contemporaneity, interruptions, compositional aspect, suspension and the dialectic of reception and rejection. Moreover, this form is in line with the main construction of consciousness in the third group, which considered the issue as “open,” “present,” “plural,” “subject of cognition,” and “in process.” Extended Abstract1.IntroductionThe present article studies the relationship between form and the social construction of consciousness in Houshang Golshiri’s novel Christine and Kid. While the novel appears to be a personal, formalist work, defying any kind of sociological analysis, attempt has been made to examine the inherently social nature of the novel’s form. Throughout the article, both in the theoretical and practical sections, the focus of discussion is on the ‘form’ rather than the ‘literary content’ or the ‘social content’ of the novel. 2.Theoretical FrameworkThe historical formation of Lukács’ ideas in the present article shows that he focuses on form, which, according to him, is the composition that directs how a work of art is received. Mimesis is based on the selection, assessment and formation of elements of reality, represented in form. The present article draws on Lukács’ ideas in this regard to study Golshiri’s Christine and Kid. 3.MethodologyThe present study adopts the qualitative methodology and is a case study of a literary work. It is based on Lukács’ methodology in the sociology of the novel and attempt has been made to analyze the relationship between this literary form and the social construction of consciousness. 4.Discussion and AnalysisIn Christine and Kid, the East/West dichotomy, as one of the most fundamental issues in the structure of the contemporary Iranian society, has been dealt with. A Lukácsian study of the novel reveals that there is a consistency between the form of the novel and the social construction of consciousness. 5.Conclusion The form of Golshiri’s Christine and Kid is made up of some major elements: the process of understanding ‘the other/the Western’ and consequently ‘the self/the Eastern’; the development of form in the present time based on the development of the present moment; the development of characters in the process of the development of ‘events’; the fragmentation of events, characters and ideas; and the endless suspension in ‘attracting/repelling’ the other and the self. The form of this novel is consistent with the construction of consciousness in the third group in dealing with the ‘issue of the West’.  In other words, the form of this novel, in its totality, reveals the construction of the third group and challenges the Western/anti-Western dichotomy. Select BibliographyAmanat, A. 1400 [2021].Tarikh-e Iran-e Modern. M. Hafez (trans.). Tehran: Faragard.Ashouri, D. 1387 [2008]. “Houshyari-e Tarikhi.” In: id. Ma va Moderniyat. Tehran: Serat: 13-43.Lukács, G. 1373 [1994]. Pajouheshi dar Realism-e Oroupayi. A. Akbari (trans.). Tehran: Elmi va Farhangi.Lukács, G.1377 [1998]. Tarikh va Agahi-e Tabaqati: Pajouheshi dar Dialektik-e Marksisti. M. J. Pouyandeh (trans.). Tehran: Nasl-e Qalam.Lukács, G.1380 [2001]. Nazaryeh-ye Roman. H. Mortazavi (trans.). Tehran: Qesseh.Lukács, G.1388 [2009]. Roman-e Tarikhi. Sh. Behyan (trans.). Tehran: Akhtaran.Lukács, G.1397 [2018]. Jan va Sourat. R. Rezaee (trans.). Tehran: Mahi.Nabavi, N. 1388 [2009]. Roshanfekran va Dolat dar Iran: Siasat-e Goftar va Tangna-ye Esalat. H. Fesharaki (trans.). Tehran: Shirazeh.Shadman, F. 1382 [2003]. Taskhir-e Tamaddon-e Farangi. Tehran: Gam-e Noe.Ziaebrahimi, R. 1397 [2018]. Paydayesh-e Nasionalism-e Irani: Nejad va Siasat-e Bijasazi. H. Afshar (trans.). Tehran: Markaz.

The aim of this research was comparison of the effectiveness of ecosystemic play therapy and short- term play therapy in reducing symptoms of attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder. The statistical population of this study was all children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Tehran. The research method was single baseline case study. Twelve children with symptoms of attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder were selected using purposeful sampling. Then participants were treated as ecosystem therapy and short-term play therapy. Participants completed parent Conner’s questionnaires, Child Behavior checklist and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM- IV. Treatment program was fallow- up period of 3 months subsequent to treatment termination. The data were analyzed using two-way comparisons of similar subjects from two groups of ecosystem therapy games and short-term play therapy. Result showed that the effectiveness of ecosystemic play therapy in reducing the symptoms of attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder is higher than short term play therapy. Therefore, according to the results of the study, the effectiveness of the ecosystemic play therapy is higher than short- term play therapy. In addition, the results of this study showed that ecosystemic play therapy and short-term play therapy can be used as an appropriate intervention in reducing the symptoms of ADHD.