جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « modern literature » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Literature is a foundation for showing anomalies and disordered social situations, and over time, this critical view has entered all political, cultural, social, artistic, etc. fields and has caused profound changes. In accordance with these developments, fiction literature has been able to create a discourse whose product is the production of a new literary form and context, so that it can draw a clear horizon for the advancement of humanity in this valley. In classic stories, the central character connects cause and effect with his presence in the story, but gradually in modern and post-modern stories, the element of causality is absent and the fictional characters are unable to express cause and effect relationships. The purpose of this article is to examine the evolution of fictional literature based on the element of character in three eras: realist, modern, and post-modern.

This research was done in an analytical-descriptive manner and based on library sources; Describing the stories in terms of content and theme in the three mentioned periods, as well as comparing the speech of the characters and their effect on direct and indirect action on the verbs of the story, is one of the analytical and descriptive methods of this research.

The findings of this research show the place of dialogue element in the characterization of the writers of all three periods. In realistic stories, the conversations during the story are based on the outside world. In the modern period, due to the predominance of the inner world, conversations are often monologues and in an irregular and scattered form, and in postmodern stories, the conversation has more interaction with mental conflict and has a lot of irregularity.

The common thread of all three periods is the formation of the theme of the story based on the dialogue element; Also, the author"s ability to emphasize the types of dialogues in the fiction works of each period is one of the most important verbal and non-verbal factors of the characters in the progressing process of the story.

Computer games, due to being new and overlapping with cinema and literature, exhibit two different aspects of themselves that deserve comparative studies. In this paper, elements of modern art and the history of modern literature are studied in the formation of video games, and then similar ones are analyzed and adapted in James Joyce's novel Ulysses and Hidetaka Miyazaki Dark Souls Games. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of modern art characteristics on modern literature and video games and also to express the change in the nature of their common elements. The sub-purpose of the research is to compare these games with other titles in the media of computer games and to answer the question: How can games, and new media in general, form a classic and modern identity at their core? And where is the place of the studied games in this arena? The research method is analytical and adaptive. The research findings show that the novel Ulysses by "James Joyce" and the games of the "Dark Souls" series by Hidetaka Miyazaki in the elements of "rejection of the novel's narrative method", "rejection of the traditional hero", "rejection of incident", "new linguistic experiences", "Freedom from time and freedom of time", "giving importance to the association of meanings", "not giving importance to conventions", "tendency to illusion and fantasy", "participating the reader in the novel", "proposing the issue of truth" and "discussion of opinions" and philosophies" are similar and compatible

Expressionism is a school of literature, painting and cinema that emerged in the early 20th century in the center of German thought. The basis of the view of the followers of this school is the rejection of capitalist society and modernity. And one of the main bases of their thinking is opposition to class differences in society. This style expresses the moods and thinking and inner feelings of the artist and the creator of the work. In this article, these topics are discussed under the headings: "negation of traditional forms", "rebellion and irony and trying to change the existing situation", "absurdism", "passing time and mixing dreams with reality". The most important goal in this The research is extracting and explaining expressionist and postmodernist elements and investigating the function and connection of these elements in the novels "Nash Kash (2013)", "Be Zanu Darnia (2014)", "If You Die (2013)" by Mohammad Reza Guderzi, writer and critic. He is a contemporary who has been able to write many works in the recent period with an expressionist perspective. The research method in this research is based on library-documentary research. So far, independent research and research in the form of dissertations, theses and articles that examines the currents of "postmodernism" and "expressionism" in Godarzi's works View It has not been done, and this article deals with the same issue and by referring to the components of "postmodernism" and "expressionism" it proves the self-concept hypothesis.Keywords: Postmodernism, expressionism, modern literature, short story, Mohammad Reza Gudarzi

The novel "alkaferah" is the twelfth of the Iraqi writer's series of novels. Ali Badr, Badr touched on the political conditions and the crisis social issues in Iraq at the present time, so that the addressee absorbed the suffering of the people, social problems and the events of the country. The study focused on revealing the dominant violence and barbarism and its profound impact on the Iraqi street.. This study, depending on the social method, seeks to study the “infidel” novel, where the novel focused on the outbreak of the ongoing war, terrorism, violence and insecurity, and thus on the basic issues in the life of the defeated Iraqi individual. On his issues ranging from betrayal, aggression, alienation, chaos, prejudice and gender inequality to suicide, the writer highlights the phenomenon of violence in his novel and expresses it in various ways. The novel in general highlights reality and social issues; The book is based on an in-depth examination of the personality of the individual and Iraqi society; It expresses the details of this society; Identifies its shortcomings and shortcomings; He mentions the types of violence in the novel. From the writer’s point of view, avoiding violence and altars can only be achieved if the society is cohesive, cohesive and socially harmonious, in which it criticizes in particular the surrounding social situation and social conditions, as well as the current realities of Iraqi society, the suffering of the working classes and the inferiority of society,

Adherence to form and technique in the story constitutes the framework of Golshiri’s ideas. To demonstrate the movement and dynamism in the literature, he broke with tradition and turned the story into a means for knowing himself and others. Following the mentioned perspective, the novel Prince Ehtejab seeks to explore the depths and penetrates the hidden layers of the characters’ minds, discovers and knows oneself and others, and expresses the realities of society by disrupting the continuous order and sequence of time. Moreover, he used the grotesque genre to open his readers’ eyes to truths overlooked in everyday life in the face of reality. In this article, authors have studied modern techniques in this novel using analytical and library research methods and revealed that the novel Prince Ehtejab has been able to indicate the author to be a modernist. Furthermore, given the characteristics of deviation from accepted norms, metamorphosis, induction of a bitter and odious laughter, personification, depiction of madness in a romantic sense, depiction of dark and terrifying locations, description of horrific tortures, and presentation of a bitter death using metaphor and trope, he has illustrated the events occurred to four generations of an ancestry using the grotesque genre.

Adherence to form and technique in the story constitutes the framework of Golshiri’s ideas. To demonstrate the movement and dynamism in the literature, he broke with tradition and turned the story into a means for knowing himself and others. Following the mentioned perspective, the novel Prince Ehtejab seeks to explore the depths and penetrates the hidden layers of the characters’ minds, discovers and knows oneself and others, and expresses the realities of society by disrupting the continuous order and sequence of time. Moreover, he used the grotesque genre to open his readers’ eyes to truths overlooked in everyday life in the face of reality. In this article, authors have studied modern techniques in this novel using analytical and library research methods and revealed that the novel Prince Ehtejab has been able to indicate the author to be a modernist. Furthermore, given the characteristics of deviation from accepted norms, metamorphosis, induction of a bitter and odious laughter, personification, depiction of madness in a romantic sense, depiction of dark and terrifying locations, description of horrific tortures, and presentation of a bitter death using metaphor and trope, he has illustrated the events occurred to four generations of an ancestry using the grotesque genre.

As one of the most prominent and committed poets and writers of the Islamic Revolution, Seyed Hasan Hosseini, has paid attention to satire in three of his works. Through a descriptive-analytical method, the present study is dedicated to analyze the types, the techniques and the themes of satire have been used in these works: "Boradeh-ha"(the swarfs), "Nooshdarouye Tarhe Generic" (The panacea of generic plot) and "Festivale Khanjar" (the Dagger Festival). Hosseini has used, in above-mentioned works, aphorism, classic poetry format, Nimaei (Nimaic) poetry and white (Shamloi) poetry. Regarding that satirical tales are generally classified into three categories of "dramatic", "narrative" and "poetic", it can also be claimed that the satires used in these works are mostly dramatic using the techniques of exaggeration and sarcasm, especially poetic satires using the techniques of simile and metaphor. In addition, the most frequent theme of his satires has been the cultural critiques in the field of art as well as social critiques in the field of economy.

Over the past century, Contemporary Arabic prose changed widely, for this reason study the formation and evolution of it requires careful and comprehensive research Because of the geographic extent and the subject. Book “Studies in modern Arabic literature (prose)” by Mohammad Ahmed Rabea and Salem Ahmed Hamdaniis an example of the various works that have been written in this field. This study in addition to the historical approach by introducing some selective examples of Arabic prose in contemporary era and analysis it tried to introduce for readers its Analysis. For answer the question Can this book Introduced as a teaching text for the course of contemporary prose texts for bachelor degree in Arabic Language and Literature? It must be said that in order to the not following with Regular approach in analyzing texts, andnon- Comprehensive examples presented, It can’t be introduced as a comprehensive reference book in the field And doesn’t meet the needs of students. This article tried to analyze Formality Specifications and reviewed the content weaknesses.

Where have gone the myths which had been the basis of thought and morality in past times? And now how and where can they be found again? This essay aims to reply these questions; specifically search for those ideas which have been theorized as the new and modern forms and functions of mythology. Then، after criticizing those ideas who concern the new forms of mythology in modern and industrial societies only in some concepts like: power، mode and media myths; it considers the other face of mythology which is not powerful، ideological and public but symbolic، dreamy، mysterious and unique. The human mind spends his eternal ability to create myths in literature and art where the myths can breathe and relive in an intimate and familiar atmosphere. This essay encourages discovering the new myths in new and modern literature rather than reflecting on old myths in modern literature. The new form of characters، places and events in literature can be considered new myths، which emerge from their abstract individuality and appear in mythological dimension that shine beyond time and place. So، they can function as mythological symbols to describe the situation and problems of modern man. The undiscovered and unknown layers of literature and art is full of symbols that have originated in unconsciousness and their deep meaning is not clear to any one even the creator. Thus their various interpretations may be found and revealed after many years and centuries.

In the poetics of Aristotle، Art and literature are imitations of reality and all literary elements have objective representation in the real world. Following the theories of Ferdinand de Saussure and Roman Jakobson and formation of new literary approaches such as Structuralism، there existed a modern poetics which didn’t consider Literature as an imitation of Reality but introduces it as reconstruction of a world absolutely different from real world، a world in which the elements، through a dialectic interactive relationship، consist whole literary text. In present article، The authors have tried، on theoretical basis of linguistic and structural approaches، to analyze the differences between Aristotelian poetics and what known as Modern poetics (depended on Saussure theory) in “An Indian in Astara”، one of the stories of a collection titled “Again from those Streets” written by Bizhan Najdi. They want to explain how Modern poetics can show that a literary text belongs to the present time not the past history.

The contemporary French literature beholds the considerable presence of works which frankly speak of the writer’s “self”. The trinal circles of writer-character-narrator triangle is mixed and created a current of literature dominated by the “First person”. Many critics believe this matter demonstrates the dominance if “Individualism” in today’s society. Meaning, an individual society which places a lot of importance on the individual, has caused the formation of individualistic writings by valuing the individual. In the meanwhile, some social analysts reject the individualistic perspective in the contemporary era and on the contrary consider today’s society very collectivistic. Studying contemporary literary works and analyzing the role and position of the “single first person” among this period’s writers illustrates that the presence of “self” in this current is not always a sign of the work being individualistic and today’s writings in the French literature are more self-dominant than individualistic. This article is a sociological reading of the presence of the first person in contemporary French novel with the goal of displaying an image of current French society beyond the literary works of this country. An image which is in the end a combination of individuality and society in the framework of literature which is embodied in the integrated narrative of the writer’s “self”.

Text, as a tool by which meanings and concepts can be transmitted, should have a structure and a framework to enable it first to embrace all the aims and intentions of the speaker and on the other hand to convey, in a best way, the meaning to the addressee. The question to ask here is: What sort of particularities a text should acquire to let the speech process possess aesthetical attractiveness and expressiveness? Among the men of letters in the early times beauty as a character was mostly attached to linguistic subjects. Linguistic terms such as: word, structure and system that govern the sentence enjoy the highest influence over the text aesthetics. The role of language in modern literature seems to be weakened and transferred to the addressee. It is evident that the way we view the text stems from our knowledge of the existing world and our theoretical bases. We should admit that beauty is not confined to eloquence and rhetoric of the sentence, text has to take the addressee higher to the world of truth.