جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « personality » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

One of the important dimensions in psychology is the personality dimension of humans. Many theorists have studied in this field and presented many theories. One of these theorists is Erik Erikson. According to him, people"s personality develops widely and widely in social interaction at different stages, and at every stage of life and the formation of his personality, a person is placed in an accumulation of individual, social effort and special psychological orientation; Therefore, the theory of "eight stages of human life" has been drawn. Jamshid Khanian, playwright, critic and literary researcher and contemporary storyteller in the field of children and teenagers, has been very successful in the field of story characterization. For this reason, the authors of the present study try to analyze the characters of Jamshid Khanian"s story based on Erikson"s model.

 The method used is descriptive-analytical and based on library studies

 Examining the characters in Jamshid Khanian"s children"s and adolescent stories introduces us to the different layers of Erikson"s personality theory. All eight stages of Erikson"s theory have been seen in the characters of Jamshid Khanian"s children"s and adolescent stories, but the most frequent stage of development in Khanian"s works is the stage of adolescence and adulthood, where the sense of responsibility; strong feelings and emotions; desire to win and succeed; showing off and attracting the attention of others; Identity Crisis; Establishing close interpersonal relationships is one of the most obvious characteristics of the stage of adolescence and childbearing and raising the generation; acceptable; Giving importance to others and sometimes feeling inferior and ineffective is the most important feature of adulthood.
Examining Erikson"s theory on individuals Jamshid Khanian"s stories introduce us to the mental and psychological and even physical characteristics of different age groups, especially children and teenagers.
Jamshid Khanian has tried to present appropriate role models to children and teenagers with conscious characterization and play a significant role in the development of this age group.

 Based on the obtained results, all eight stages of Erikson"s theory can be seen in the characters of Jamshid Khanian"s stories of children and teenagers, and studying his stories helps us to better understand and recognize the characteristics and spirits of the people in the story, especially children and teenagers.

One of the important factors in choosing the genre of movies is the personality style of people. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the role of dark personality styles (narcissistic, psychotic, and Machiavellian) on the tendency to the genre of movies, considering the moderating variable of gender. In today's world, the preferences of different movie or book genres such as horror, action, romance, and fantasy to express the unique aspects of the character have been continuously noticed by the filmmakers and this issue has been continuously noticed. A person's personality and values may influence his choice to perform various actions in real life. This supports the idea that people are not passive recipients of media messages, but are active in choosing media content. On the other hand, gender, personality, and movie preferences and evaluating the effects between them are very important. Do comedies have a general distinction in terms of gender? Are men and women who enjoy horror movies similar in personality? Regardless of gender, do personality traits affect the preference for different movie genres such as horror, action, romance, and fantasy? In this way, the personality of users can be matched with any personal information available on social media. The predominance of visual media and their appeal in terms of the importance they have in most people's lives is easily shown. Therefore, it is clear that both movie preferences and personal study can be a means through which people express aspects of their personality. This issue partially shows the importance of entertainment media in our daily lives. However, the question arises whether the dark sides of the personality are revealed in such preferences. 

Design/Methodology/Approach: 

This study is applied and descriptive in terms of purpose and has been conducted with a survey method. Since the purpose of the research is to determine the relationships between the variables, the current research is descriptive and correlational in terms of the method of data collection, and it has been carried out in a single cross-sectional manner. The statistical population in this study is 325 master's degree students of Shahid Beheshti University who watch at least one movie a month. Sampling has been done in a simple random manner and to explain the sample size, Cochran's formula has been used assuming sampling from a limited population. To collect data, a closed and standard 16-question questionnaire based on an ordinal scale and a five-point Likert scale was used. The questionnaire of this research consists of two parts. The first part includes demographic questions (age, gender, marital status, and academic field) and the second part includes the main questions of the questionnaire proposed based on the hypotheses of the research, and their validity and reliability were confirmed. The standard questionnaire includes 4 dimensions (narcissism, anti-socialism, anti-socialism, Machiavellianism, and movie genre). The questions were controlled by some professors. Also, to check the reliability and validity of the measurement model, Smart-PLS software was used. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for all research constructs is more than 0.7, which is at the desired level and shows the validity of the research measures. 

The obtained results indicate that the narcissistic personality has a positive and significant effect on the choice of movie genre. Also, the positive and significant effect of the psychotic character and the choice of movie genre was confirmed. On the other hand, the Machiavellian character has a positive and significant effect on the choice of movie genre. Discussion and

 Finally, the results of this research showed that the gender variable moderates the relationship between the characters with dark personality styles and the choice of movie genre. Nowadays, due to the various cultural, economic, etc. aspects of movies, it has become very important to pay attention to the opinions of different sections of society and experts in the cinema industry, and this industry has become very audience-oriented. As the most complex creature in the world, man has many different internal dimensions and the personalities of people also have many differences. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to different characters in society and the effects these characters have on the choice of genre of movies. On the other hand, movies can have different effects on different personality styles and different genders.

The place in the novel performs an important function that the narrator depicts for him as if he were a human being with a soul and life. The place in the novel is not just a decoration or just a place for fictional events to occur - as he thinks - but rather it is a fictional element like other elements that intertwine with each other to form the novelistic narrative.  Sana Abu Sharar wrote the novel “Le anni ashtagho elayke” to celebrate the Jordanian homeland. The novel is spatial, but despite its dominance in the narrative analysis of place, it is no substitute for psychological analysis. This research aims, using the descriptive-analytical approach, to study the mutual relationship between character and place in this novel, the role of place in people’s emotions, and the psychological analysis of the fictional place in light of important components such as place identity and sense of place, as they are two important components in the analysis. The results indicate that there is a relationship between the characters and the place in the novel, and the place is colored by a psychological state that has a significance beyond its usual role, is free from description, and is linked to a range of psychological issues such as place identity and spatial attachment. If we look at the places that constitute the framework of events in the novel, we find that the duality (closed/open) is fundamental. Factors such as the continuation of the individual’s relationship with the place, knowledge and awareness of the place, and memories of the place and their repercussions influenced the creation and strengthening of spatial integration and, at a higher level, the creation of attachment to the place

The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between the auditors’ organizational personality and the social capital of audit firms. For this purpose, around 200 auditors working in audit firms, members of Iranian association of certified public accountants, were randomly selected as a statistical sample. The theoretical foundations of the research are based on library studies and research data are collected through questionnaires. The test of research hypotheses has been done based on the correlation method by using multivariate regression. The findings of the research show that the personality traits of conscientiousness, extroversion, and openness to the experience of auditors have a significant and positive relationship with the social capital of audit firms. However, the personality traits of neuroticism and agreeableness of auditors do not have a significant relationship with the social capital of audit firms. Also, the results of this study confirm that the university education of auditors has no significant relationship with the social capital of audit firms. But professional degrees such as certified public accountant by auditor have a positive and significant relationship with the social capital of auditing institutions. Also, the evidence shows that women play a more positive role in improving the social capital of audit firms compared to men.

One of the new approaches in the study of characters is the Enneagram pattern which was initially proposed by the Greek-Armenian "Ivanovich Gurdjieff" (1877-1949). As declared by Gurdjieff, the characters are subdivided into nine types (i.e., reformer, helper, success seeker, individualist, thoughtful, loyal, fun-love, leader, and pacifist), and each of thess characters carry their specified features, and their own social, intellectual and emotional dimensions. Furthermore, any personality comprises three different aspects: fair, moderate, and unfair. Egyptian writer Ahmad Khalid al-Tawfiq and Iranian writer Mahmoud Etemadzadeh had artistically portrayed all the turbulent situations in their societies and their impacts on the characters in two novels, Utopia and peasant’s daughter. Accordingly, this study adjusts the characters of these two works, based on Enneagram theory. As the result have indicated, in Utopia novel, the seventh type (fun-love) and in the peasant’s daughter novel, the second (i.e., helpers) and eighth (i.e., leader) types have the highest frequency. However, most of the characters of both novels are grouped as focused and possess an unfair character. The social turmoil, the imbalance and social support, injustices and lack of law and violation of human rights are among the causes that impact the character's mental health and lead to the psychological turmoil, personality disorders and abnormal behavior. 
The notion of "character" is one of the pivotal elements in the framework of any story, and the structure of the story is built upon this element. Precisely, the presence of a character in any literary work is essential considering the fact that a story cannot take shape without the presence of a character. There are numerous theories and patterns regarding the understanding of personalities and various character types, each of which describes and categorizes characters based on different patterns. One of these theories is the Enneagram. The Enneagram is a ninefold pattern of personalities aimed at familiarizing individuals with the dimensions of human character, as well as promoting further growth and self-awareness. This theory was initially introduced by George Ivanovich Gurdjieff, a Russian mystic.
This research employs a descriptive-analytical methodology and the process of data collection is conducted in a library style, and its theoretical framework has also been based on the American school of comparative literature.
Gurdjieff has based his teachings on the coordination of the three centers of human consciousness (the thinking center, the emotional center, and the moving center). He believd that these three centers must function in harmony for what is learned to have real value. According to Gurdjieff's viewpoint, the Enneagram model is a nine-pointed, nine-sided figure, where each personality type falls within a group. Furthermore, each personality owns its social, intellectual, and emotional dimensions. The personality types which are presented in these two novels include types Two, Three, Six, Seven, Eight, and Nine. The characteristics and levels of mental health of the main personalities (Safiye, Morad, Alaa, Serjani, Jaber, and Soghra; Haj Ahmad, Ahmad Gol, Mahdi, Balqis) have been examined, and the secondary personalities (Nargis, Khadija, Abbas-e-Mar, Moshti Aghdokht, Ibrahim, Rostam Ali, Germaine, Larraine, Rasam, Saleh, Ezzat, Mohtaram, Sarwar, Rabaabeh, Alijan) have been assessed. In the novel Utopia, types one, four, five, and six are not pointed out, while in the novel Peasant Daughter, types one, four, five, and nine are absent.
As implied by Enneagram personality model, most of these characters are at an average and unsound level of personality. The authors have depicted a social condition in these two works in which the majority of their personalities, whether rich or poor, have lost their equilibrium of personality. In Utopia, social turmoil, the greed and avarice of individuals in accumulating wealth and losing a sense of community, as well as the abundance of blessings and their improper use, have led the characters towards negative qualities of an unhealthy hedonistic type, such as depression, isolation, aggression, excessive indulgence in sexual pleasures, drug addiction, callousness, and dragging them towards behaviors that include a lack of empathy and compassion. In a way, youths see their escape from the perspective of facing dangers and killing poor individuals. In the novel Peasant’s Daughter, the confrontation between the landlords and the peasants, the economic crises caused by war and the emergence of new movements on the lower classes of society, and the economic situation of the people have greatly affected them and led individuals to lean towards average and unhealthy levels in the face of unresolved problems. What has led to commonality between the two novels, in addition to employing more unhealthy personalities against healthy personalities, is a societal condition that both authors have described. In both communities, a mental security that individuals' psychological well-being is dependent on has been disturbed, and a form of anxiety in personalities has been created, bringing them closer to average and unhealthy levels of personalityt.

The characters of each story are chosen by the author and they play a role in the story. In general, it can be said that the story is a slice of reality and fantasy created and elaborated by the author's mind. An important part of characterization is the borrower of a set of elements that the author of the story takes advantage of in order to create the desired work. The novel "Tooq al-Hamam" by Raja Alam, a female Saudi novelist, has a socio-religious reflection, the events of which take place in the two cities of Mecca and Madrid. This novel has a high artistic position in terms of characterization. Raja Alam has used the method of dialogue and description in the characterization and introduction of the characters in his novel, and the characters in the story are mostly complementary characters. The religious and imaginary atmosphere of the story, its attractive structure, chases and arguments, have kept the reader's desire to continue the story. The temporal, spatial and logical order of the events in the introduction of the characters is more or less stable in such a way that sometimes the surprising events of a character disrupt the temporal and spatial arrangement of the story. The formal structure of the story is divided into two parts with two separate places but repeated and sometimes new characters, only with a different identity of "Ezzah". In examining the characterization in this novel, the author considers the preservation of the identity of this place to be the main concern of the narrative by placing the focus of the narrative in Mecca and the events that take place in this holy space. This research aims to investigate with an analytical-descriptive method how the types of characterization have caused the order, continuity and arrangement of different parts of the story "Touq al-Hamam". One of the results of this research is that the mind of the narrator and the character of the story and the subject have a harmonious and coherent connection, and this coordination is for the purpose of realizing and establishing the main goals, and its main content, which is about the history of Mecca and the customs of its people, is strengthened and emphasized with these connections. will be The thoughts and mental images of the story often have a certain integrity and structure. Among the salient features of this novel, we can mention the attention to the element of time, the relationship between the author and the reader, and the central character instea.

The aim of this study was to determine the structural effect of personality functioning and attachment styles on emotional eating by considering the mediating factor of defense mechanisms. In the correlation design with structural equation modeling method, 800 participants were selected by compliance sampling method. The data collected with Eating Behavior Questionnaire, the Collins and Reed Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire, the Defense Styles Questionnaire and the short form of The Personality Function Levels Scale was completed by the sample. The level of personality functioning (0.52) and the secure (0.91), anxious (0.39) and avoidant (0.51) attachment style have a direct structural effects on emotional eating (P<0.05). The level of personality functioning, considering the mediating factor of mature (0.76), immature (0.83) and neurotic (0.79) defense mechanisms, has an indirect structural effect on emotional eating (P<0.05). Secure (0.61), anxious (0.61) and avoidant (0.72) attachment styles have an indirect structural effect on emotional eating with mediating factor of mature defense mechanisms (P<0.05). Secure (0.78), anxious (0.60) and avoidant (0.79) attachment styles have an indirect structural effect on emotional eating with mediating factor of immature defense mechanisms(P<0.05). Secure (0.86), anxious (0.67) and avoidant (0.73) attachment styles have an indirect structural effect on emotional eating with mediating factor of neurotic defense mechanisms (P<0.05). The results showed that the structural model has an acceptable fit with the collected data. The fit of the structural model implies the direct and indirect role of personality functioning level and attachment styles on emotional eating, considering the mediating role of defense mechanisms. Personality disorders have been linked to uncontrolled and binge eating, suggesting that individuals who binge eat may have more maladaptive and less adaptive personality traits. The emotion regulation theory of eating behavior proposes that emotional eating can improve mood by reducing negative emotions. This overlap in emotion regulation between personality functioning and emotional eating may explain their relationship. Immature defense mechanisms are associated with emotional eating, which acts as a strategic defense to alleviate negative emotions, though it often leads to problems. The way mothers and children interact during stressful situations shapes a child's self-regulation, cognitive and emotional foundations, and coping strategies. Without secure attachment, individuals may struggle to regulate their emotions effectively, resorting to unhealthy strategies like binge eating. These findings could inform the development of psychological interventions and treatment protocols for binge eating and obesity.

The present research examines the characters of the novel The Last Lady's Game written by Belqis Soleimani (born in 1342) in the framework of Dr. William Benham's personality theory based on the connection between typology and the seven planets. Ben also tried to present a complete and clear picture of the individual by linking the personality and the seven planets; Because personality is a fundamental and important topic in psychology that leads to judgment about the main nature of a person. The author of the novel, in characterization with the attitude to the people of the society and real characters, creates prototypes with the help of his imagination in order to show their nature. Character and characterization are the most important elements of a novel. The present research tries to answer the main question using the descriptive-analytical method, according to Ben Ham's theory of personality, which character is more similar to the mentioned theory? According to the findings of the research, Kiwani's personality type is closer to the lady's personality, which indicates the sadness, fatigue and bitterness of her life.

The present study was conducted in order to investigate the predictive power of personality traits for reactions to interpersonal transgressions in university students. The statistical population of the current study, which was conducted in a correlational design, included all students studying at the Persian Gulf University in the academic year of 1402-1401. The sample members include 224 students (96 male and 128 female) who were selected using the multi-stage cluster sampling method. The scales used in this research included Five-factor Personality Questionnaire (McCrae and Costa) and The Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory—18-Item Version (TRIM–18). Data were analyzed using stepwise regression analysis. The findings showed that the two traits of agreeableness (β=0.26, P<0.01), and openness to experience (β=0.21, P<0.01) are direct predictors of the forgiveness reaction. Revenge reaction was directly predicted by trait neuroticism (β=0.44, P<0.01), but reversely predicted by agreeableness (β=0.44, P<0.01), and openness to experience (β=0.23, P<0.01). Avoidance reaction was also inversely predicted by agreeableness (β=0.43, P<0.01) and openness to experience (β=0.25, P<0.01), but it was directly predicted by the trait of neuroticism (β=0.19, P<0.01). Considering the role of personality traits in predicting the type of reactions in interpersonal conflicts, focusing on and strengthening the personality traits that facilitate interpersonal relationships can be an effective prevention factor for interpersonal transgressions.

This research aims to analyze and investigate the two-way relationship between love and morality in the character of women of Khosrow's and Shirin Nizami's systems in a descriptive-analytical way and with a library method. By examining the poem of Khosrow and Shirin, we can conclude that this poem is based on the love between people and the topic of ethics and moral virtues has a high position in this story. According to the structure of the story, Nizami has written the story in a suitable format for indirectly projecting ideas and teaching moral issues to the readers.

Hearing impairment is a communication disorder, the affected person is often confused and resentful by the society and causes damage to the mental health of the person; Therefore, Body psychotherapy is a scientific that includes the use of non-verbal communication through movement and combining it with neuropsychological exercises. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of Body psychotherapy on extroversion and neuroticism of deaf students.

The current research is semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the research includes all deaf female students between the ages of 13 and 20 who were covered by the Mashhad Welfare Organization. 24 people were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The research tool included the Eysenck Personality Test (EPQ). The experimental group participated in the physical psychotherapy process for 3 months, 3 sessions of 90 minutes per week, and one-way covariance analysis was used to analyze the data.

Descriptive indices in the physical psychotherapy group, the score of the neurotic component after the intervention had a significant decrease compared to before (p<0.05), and this change was not significant in the control group. (p=0.077) for the comparison of neuroticism in the experimental and control groups, the obtained F value is 7.039 significant at the 0.01 level (p<0.05).

The result of the research indicated that the use of physical psychotherapy to improve neuroticism characteristics in deaf female students should be considered and used.

Characterization and its methods are very important and key topics in modern fiction literature, which, despite its novelty in the field of theoretical debates, has a long-standing presence in Persian verse and prose literature, and can be traced to various extents in ancient fiction works. It is an explanation. One of these interesting and exemplary literary works in terms of characterization is “candle and butterfly” a masnavi by Ahli e Shirazi. Ahli e Shirazi, the master poet of the 9th and early 10th centuries of Hijri, has replaced the human heroes in a love story with animals and elements of nature in this fictional masnawi with a stunning innovation and in a believable way. Ahli has made his story similar to the scene of a play where the characters taken from nature enter one by one and the poet introduces their characters and then leaves them to play their roles. Domestic artistry in this work is not only based on the method of simple and straightforward diagnosis, but it is a broad comparison between human life and the non-human world, which in addition to giving life to the characters themselves, for human belongings such as houses, tents, beds, servants, diseases, death, sigh, etc. also find believable matches in the non-human world.

In this article, a combination of descriptive and analytical methods is used. First, the description of the category of personality and its types and ways of characterizing are discussed, and then the character of the protagonists in the story of Ahli e Shirazi"s “candle and butterfly” and their ways of characterizing are analyzed.

The findings of this article indicate that although the topic of characterization and its methods is new, the master Iranian poets and writers have been aware of it in various ways, unconsciously or based on their progressive ideas, and have used them in their successful stories.

Despite its brevity, “candle and butterfly” is the scene of the presence of various personalities. Some of these characters are static, and some of them undergo diversity and change and are an example of dynamic characters. Also, their presence in the scene of the story is accompanied by appropriate arrangements and justifications that provide their humanity and the believability of their personalities and actions in a successful way.

Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib was a companion and uncle of the Prophet (PBUH). There are conflicting narratives about him in historical sources. He was the ancestor of the Abbasid dynasty and the beginning of the Abbasid empire coincided with the compilation of Islamic sources. At that time, they had disputes with the Alawites, which arose from the crisis of the legitimacy of their government. These cases show that it is necessary to examine how the character of Abbas was formed in historical and narrative sources and how the political discourse of the Abbasids influenced this process. This research has been conducted by historical analysis method and using narrative, Rijal and historical sources. The finding is that Abbas did not become a Muslim until the conquest of Mecca, and the narratives that praise him and show spiritual dignity for him and his family must be disregarded. Actually, his character was formed during two stages under the influence of the Abbasid government's need for legitimacy. In the first stage, the Abbasids aligned themselves with the Alawites to legitimize their rule. However, after uprising of descendants of Imam Hassan, the legitimacy of their government faced a crisis. Therefore, in order to solve the problem, they had to pretend that after the Prophet, Abbas, who was his uncle, inherited the caliphate from the Prophet by proposing the theory that the inheritance goes from an individual to his uncles. Moreover, in order to justify the character of Abbas, they honored him through praise quotes.

Human power is considered as the valuable capital of organizations, which selection, maintenance and preservation is necessary and important for every organization, and this will be possible by using job questionnaires. For this purpose, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the validity and reliability of Panikar's Occupational Typography Questionnaire.

For the initial review of the questionnaire, the initial version of the questionnaire was implemented on a sample of 50 people (25 girls, 25 boys in the second secondary school). Then the questionnaire was given to 10 experts in the field of psychology and psychometrics (7 psychologists and 3 psychometricians) and its content and form validity were also checked. Then, to check confirmatory factor analysis, 600 people between 14 and 24 years of age were selected by available sampling method and responded to Panikar's occupational typology questionnaire.

In the present study, after analyzing the data by content validity method and confirmatory factor analysis, finally a questionnaire of 312 questions was obtained that separates 8 job types and the components of each type are from the point of reliance, pleasure, planning, identity, risk, motivation and framework are formed.

The results of the validation based on Cronbach's alpha were also 0.77, which is a suitable value. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that this questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool for evaluating job types in the workplace..

One of the issues raised in the fields of knowledge is human personality. Personality consists of special thought, emotional and behavioral patterns that distinguish each person from other people. These patterns are gradually formed from a set of important interconnected points of the findings, over time, and there are many and various factors in their formation, without examining them, it is meaningless and incomprehensible to talk about the characters. This research is done to investigate the process of personality formation and the factors affecting it in the thought of Martyr Motahari and introduce the ideal personality in his theory. For this purpose, all available sources and references related to his educational opinions have been descriptively examined and the resulting data have been classified and analyzed using the thematic analysis method. The findings of the research indicate that, in general, the dimensions of human personality in his thought include two dimensions the inner personality of a person and the outward appearance of the personality. In the formation of these two dimensions, the course of human existence, the external influence of some factors, and the internal initiation of the human itself are influential.

The purpose of the present was to investigate the mediating role of benevolence in the relationship between personality and marital virtues. The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population included Iranian men and women active in cyberspace, among whom 454 people were selected by convenience sampling method. For data collection, three questionnaires were used: HEXACO personality factors (Ashton and Lee, 2000), Life Satisfaction from Islamic Viewpoint Based on Belief in Benevolence (Ghasemi et al., 2016) and marital virtues (Mousavi, 2017). the path analysis using AMOS-24 software and statistical tests were analyzed using SPSS-26 software. The findings showed that Belief in Benevolence in the relationship between HEXACO personality factors and marital virtues. the results of path analysis showed the significant mediating role of theBelief in Benevolence in the relationship between hexaco personality factors and marital virtues. Regression weights were significant in these stages.Marital Virtues, Belief in Benevolence, Personality, Hexaco Personality Factors.