جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "استان ایلام" در نشریات گروه "علوم پایه"

The present study was conducted with the general aim of identifying development strategies and improving livelihoods in the nomads of Ilam province. In this regard, 31 questionnaires of SWOT analysis were distributed and completed among the experts of the General Department of Nomadic Affairs of Ilam Province and the experts of the Rangeland Department of the General Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Ilam Province.) And external factors (opportunity and threat) were identified so that the results obtained from the internal factors evaluation matrix showed that the final weighted score (internal factors of the nomads is 2.72. Based on these results, the final weighted score (weaknesses and points) Strengths were 0.93 and 1.79, respectively, which indicates the dominance of strengths over weaknesses, while based on weight score (final (external factors is 2.64, weight score) final) (opportunities and threats, respectively). 1.85 and 0.79, respectively, with the formation of the IE matrix, an aggressive strategy was achieved as the first strategy in the planning process for the development of nomads in Ilam province, which is based on internal strengths and opportunities of external factors. Therefore, measures appropriate to this strategy to improve the livelihood of nomads in the region of Ilam province were considered. It is recommended to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in any nomadic system with the participation of nomads and planners to improve their livelihoods and preserve this ancient community.

Karst springs in the western and eastern regions of Ilam province have different physical and chemical characteristics. The springs of the western regions, are sulfuric and thermal with high salinity, while the springs in the eastern regions are fresh and cold. Geological, hydrogeological, hydrogeochemical and isotopic studies were performed to compare and determine the factors affecting the physical and chemical properties of these springs. Monitoring of the springs, including measurement of discharge, temperature, acidity, amount of hydrogen sulfide gas, dissolved oxygen in the field, and analysis of major ion chemistry, was conducted monthly for two years. Deuterium and oxygen-18 stable isotopes were measured during two dry and two wet periods to determine the source of the water. Field studies have shown that the geology of the eastern and western regions of Ilam Province is different. Deep faults have affected the western regions, and some calcareous formations have changed facies so that they have anhydrite members. The deep faults of the western regions of Ilam Province have caused the hydraulic connection of karst formations with the old and lower evaporite formations. The ratios of Na/Cl, SO4/Cl and TDS/Br showed that the salinity of the sulfur springs originates from the dissolution of evaporite formations and is not related to the oil field brines. The results of stable isotope analysis of deuterium (2H) and oxygen-18 (18O) in thermal and sulfur springs showed that the origin of these springs is the local meteoric precipitation. The origin of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) of sulfur and thermal springs was attributed to the activity of sulfate-reducing bacterias. According to the hydrograph of the springs, rainfall affects the discharge increase of fresh and cold springs less than one month; while, the discharge of sulfur and thermal springs increases about two months after rainfalls. In other words, the infiltrating waters that recharge the sulfur springs have a deep circulation. Therefore, the high temperature of the springs in the western regions of Ilam Province is attributed to the deep circulation of infiltrating waters from local precipitation along the faults.

One of the aspects of water quality is the study of radionuclides in it, which is very important due to being hazardous contamination of radioactive materials. One of the main ways of penetration of radioactive materials into the human body is the consumption of water infected by natural or artificial radioactive material. In this work, 20 samples of drinking water in Ilam province, which cover more households was studied and measured in aspect of radioactive activity. Sampling was performed according to the required standards from the specified sources, then the total alpha and beta concentration activity of the samples (... ,... ) were measured using a "Liquid Scintillation Counter" (LSC). The results showed that ...  and... . The correlation coefficient between these two variables is 0.27 and it is justified by the ...  test that there is not significant relationship between these variables. The results showed that the gross alpha and beta activity concentration of all waters was lower than the standard of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Standards Institute of Iran, which is 500 mBq/Lit and 1000 mBq/Lit, respectively. Therefore, in terms of radiological quality, these waters are healthy and their consumption will not be risky for people.

Ecological niche is an area of one or more of the environmental factors in which the growth, reproduction and survival of a living organism is possible. In this study, Maximum entropy method was used to model the distribution and quantification of bear ecological niche in Ilam province. To select the background points, the network bias was used using the kernel density method. 70 percent of the points were used for training and 30 percent were used for the test. The results showed that the model was successful in its running (AUC = 0.97) and had a significant difference with randomized design in all thresholds (P<0.05). In order to determine the variation of the ecological niche of the species in the distribution range, a 50% threshold (0.5) was applied to the habitat suitability map and the output of this map was used to determine the grid range. Grid selection was made according to the home range. For each network, the suitability map was cut and entered the ENMtools software to determine the ecological niches breadth. Non-parametric Mann-Kendall test was used to determine the process of ecological nest width changes. The results showed that altitude, NDVI and distance from semi-dense forests had the most effect on species distribution and bears in Manesht and Qalarang areas have the highest ecological niche breadth. The trend of ecological niche showed that the breadth of ecological niche of species from the northwest of the province to the south east has a significant decreasing trend.

Land degradation is a global challenge that results in reduced soil fertility and eventually becomes one of the major environmental issues worldwide. The issue of land use and land cover changes by mankind is one of the most important factors of environmental change at the local and global scale which has significant implications for ecosystem health, water quality and sustainable land management (Foley et al., 2005; Lubchenco, 1998). The problem of land degradation in the Ilam province is affected by a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors, including deforestation, drought, overgrazing, intensive agriculture, increased sediment performance due to soil erosion, evaporation, dam construction and drought. These environmental problems are ultimately linked to changes in land cover and land use. Therefore, it is important to consider land cover and land-use changes to monitor environmental changes and sustainable resource management plans for fragile ecosystems such as Ilam province and provide results to area managers and planners for restoration and prevention.

In this study, we used MODIS Terra Satellite Land Cover Products (MCD12Q1) to study the monitoring of land cover changes in the Ilam province for the period of 2001 to 2013. All data for the study area were mosaicked and sampled with the UTM Global Coordinate System, using the nearest neighbor sampling method. Then they were Geo-referenced and finally, on Gis-Envi software correction operations (geometric, radiometric and atmospheric) were run and then the study area was clipped. The method initially classified the images into 17 classes and then calculated the number of pixels (zeros up to 255) of each class for the duration of 13 years and mapped the trends and percentages of changes occurring to each class.

Shrub forests have begun to grow in size since 2009 and their numbers appear to have increased in the coming years. Conversely, forest-savannahs and savannas in 2001-2007 had a small area (34 pixels in total) of their own, and since 2007 species of this type have become extinct and are not observed at all, in the studied level. The water levels (code zero) in the study area underwent very little change from 2001 to 2013, and only from 2004 to 2008 did the extent of the water levels show greater values than other years. The maximum amount of water in 2005 was 29 pixels (that means, 7250000 m = 500*500*29), which is mostly related to the Karkheh and several pixels of the Simare River in the south and east of the border. But water levels appear to have increased since 2013 due to the construction of several dams in the study area. Also, the levels for urban and residential areas (Code 13) from 2001 to 2013 are consistently 159 pixels per year across the study area, and we don't see any increase or decrease in it. Finally (code 7, 10, 12 and 15), respectively, each are 564.424 and 8.953 and 47.030 and 443.520 pixels for 13 years. That is %99.78 of the area covered. Among these areas, open forest shrubs with 564,424 pixels and no vegetation areas with 443,520 pixels had the highest amount of land cover (%94.5) in the area.

According to the extracted map (Map No. 2) the story lacking vegetation named Code 15 which is marked yellow in the map, is mostly located in the west and southwest of the study area, including the lowland basins, namely Western Abbas plain, Eastern Abbas plain, Chenane, Abadan, Mehran, Dehloran, Salehabad, and Sumar. In some years, due to the increasing trend of land degradation, it is advancing toward the center and east of the region. Overall, the trend of changes in the amount of no vegetation levels over the past 13 years show an increase, and this can be a concerning issue in terms of land degradation. This should be seriously taken into consideration. As the maps show, there is a decreasing inclination in the trend of open shrub forest zones during the study period as well.

The purpose of present research is to study the effects of dust storm on tax capacity in Ilam province that has been conducted by the updated table of the Majlis Research center in 2006 and the updating of its data for 2014. To do this, the input – output table was reduced to 20 sections and national table was converted to regional table by AFLQ model. Regional input- output table of Ilam province was used to investigate the manner of spatial effect of dust storm in the studied region. Days associated with the dust phenomenon were identified as sample (control) days during the existing statistical period for six selected station based on the number of days that province has faced dust storm and with the closure of various economic and social sectors has led to a decrease in the production level of the province. The extent of its negative effect on province’s income was calculated. Finally, the extent of effect of dust on the decrease of tax capacity in Ilam province was estimated by direct and indirect coefficients of input- output table and calculation of income decrease.

Groundwater resources management has a special importance in the arid and semi-arid regions. Natural and anthropogenic factors caused critical condition and groundwater drawdown in recent decades all over the country including Mehran plain, Ilam province. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing the decline of water table in the Mehran Plain. To this end, the water levels of 23 wells were used in the area over a period of 20 years (1995-2015). After analyzing the data using ArcGIS software through Ordinary Kriging method, water table drawdown map was prepared. The groundwater unit hydrograph was obtained for the plain. The results showed that the groundwater levels decreased in the area. The Iso- drawdown map also showed that water level of the aquifer decreased between 1 to 32 meters in different parts of the plain and the district with more decline of water table coincided with the area in which the pumping wells had been concentrated. Groundwater Hydrograph also showed that the water table was dropped 16.2 meters during 18 years at a rate of 90 cm per year. The increase of groundwater exploitation and the impact of successive droughts and consequently the decrease in aquifer recharge were the main factors affecting groundwater drawdown in Mehran Plain.

The county of Mehran is located in one of the main plains of Ilam Province and possesses a semi-saharan, dry and relatively hot environment. In order to study the lizard fauna and assess symbiotic species and biologic adaptations of these retiles this research was conducted through an extensive field and laboratory works during April 2010 to August 2011. In this assay we collected and identified 11 species of lizards belonging to 11 genera and six families from this region. The family Gekkonidae with four taxa including Cyrtopodion scabrum, Mediodactylus heteropholis, Bunopus tuberculatus and Microgecko helena was represented as the most frequent family in this area whereas the families Eublepharidae, Scincidae, Phyllodactylidae were introduced each with only one species of Eublepharis angramainu, Trachylepis septentaeniataand Asaccus elisa, respectively. The family Lacertidae with two species Ophisops elegans and Acanthodactylus boskianus and the family Agamidae also with two taxa Laudakia nupta and Trapelus lessonae occur here. The most common lizard in this region is the snake-eyed lizard, Ophisops elegans.

The south sisorid catfish, Glyptothorax silviae is an endemic species that has been described from Jarrahi River, Khuzestan province. This species is distributed in west and southwest of Iran including Tigris-Eupherat and Persian Gulf basins. During a study on morphology of 14 collected G. silviae from Saimareh River, Lernaea sp. parasites were observed in the skin at pectoral fins and gills of eight specimens. The prevalence of this ectoparasite was 57.14%. This is the first report on the infection of Glyptothorax silviae with Lernaea which is aparasitic copepod found on the skin and gills of freshwater fishes and has been widely translocated with cultured fish species throughout the various freshwater of the world. Since Glyptothorax silviae is an endemic species, this discovery may provide useful information in conservation of south sisorid catfish and prevent prevalence of this parasite.

Scorpion bite is one of our medical problems, but what is important regarding this matter is a fear that people have about this creature. Unfortunately a precise and right statistics toward the risk of this creature bite does not exist. Till based on that, it would be possible to recognize scorpion bite of our society is related to what species and it has what a status among category of death causes and based on that prepare a antivenom monovalan related to every scorpion; surely we cannot deny this problem in south and west regions of our country specially for hot seasons. By regarding the medically importance of the scorpions and human's healthy and also by regarding the lacks of taxonomic and funa studies about scorpions in Iran, this research has paid about the recognition of Ilam province scorpions, species frequency and geographically distribution. In this research first, Ilam province based on geography position, scorpion biting domain, climate and local researches divided to 14 region of sampling. By use of valid identifying keys such as Navid pour (2008), samples recognizes, frequency of scorpion species in each climate region has showed and their distribution map by use of GIS software has drawn. In Ilam province, among 390 hunted scorpion, 10 species include Hottentotta saulcyi (23.07), Mesobuthus eupeus (22.56), Compsobuthus matthiesseni (13.07), hemiscorpius lepturus (12.3), Orthochirus iranus (7.94), Razianus zarudnyi (4.87), Androctonus crassicaudata (4.1), Buthacus macrocentrus (3.33), Scorpio maurus (2.56), Odontobuthus bidentatus (1.02) scorpion identified.