جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « landfill » در نشریات گروه « زمین شناسی »

The infiltration of leachate resulting from waste disposal into the ground and reaching the groundwater aquifers leads to the pollution of groundwater resources. Considering the importance of water resources in the critical situation of Iran, it is necessary to carry out serious research to protect the existing resources. This research is a case study to simulate the process of leakage and transfer of leachate from landfill to groundwater and the spread and migration of four heavy metals (lead, iron, zinc and cadmium) in the unconfined alluvial aquifer of Babolsar city. The 5 ha landfill investigated in this study receives 150 tons of solid waste per day from Babolsar city. Infiltration and transfer of leachate to this aquifer is simulated using finite difference technique and MODFLOW, MT3DMS codes in GMS software. After the implementation and calibration of the quantitative model, the qualitative model was implemented for four heavy metals (lead, iron, zinc and cadmium). By applying the processes of convection, hydrodynamic dispersion and absorption, the natural cleaning potential of each element was investigated and the qualitative model of pollutant transport was calibrated and the amount and rate of absorption in the studied range were determined for each element. Based on the simulation results, the structure and geological material have had the greatest impact on the transfer of leachate from municipal solid waste in the traditional landfill in Babolsar. Due to their low permeability and high capacity to absorb contaminants, clay and organic matter in the soil of the studied area have prevented the transmission and spread of pollution plume in the alluvial aquifer of Babolsar. In order to predict the potential of natural cleaning of the aquifer in the coming years and determine the fate of these elements, the graph of changes in the concentration of these elements until they reach the standard allowed concentration was drawn with respect to time and the equation for each element was determined. The cleaning equations obtained from the qualitative model are a suitable tool for predicting the development of the pollution plume in the aquifer and determining the natural changes in the concentration of these elements with time for the optimal management of the aquifer in the hands of experts.

Waste disposal under terrain is one of the most important strategies in the waste management process. Therefore, landfill site selection with the lowest negative environmental consequence has a vital role for urban planners. In this research as multi criteria decision making method using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in geographic information system (GIS) environment was applied to find the best landfill sites for Esfarayen city. 13 most important criteria (i.e., permeability, distance from fault, borrow materials, seismic activity, groundwater depth, groundwater quality, slope, rainfall, distance to drainage systems, wind direction, land use, proximity to waste production centers, and distance to roads) in four different groups were employed. Also, an environmental privacy layer was used to apply a buffer radius on risk elements in the study area. Based on AHP matrix results, land use and seismic activity had the highest (0.233) and lowest (0.013) weight, respectively and all of parameters had consistency index lower than 0.07. Finally, the study area was divided to 4 zones according to suitability for sitting landfill. The results show that most parts of the northern zone are located in inappropriate and relatively inappropriate zones, whereas the most parts of southern zone were detected as suitable to relatively suitable zones. Consequently, the best site was chosen based on environmental and operational stand point which has 40 hectares and located in south-west of Esfarayen city.

In recent years, groundwater pollution has been raised as an important environmental issue in developed and developing countries due to changing land use patterns. Among the many groundwater pollutants, we can mention the leachate produced from waste or municipal waste landfill, which poses many environmental hazards due to its toxicity and high durability in the environment. Kermanshah is the ninth most populous city and one of the metropolises of Iran, the center of which is Kermanshah and according to the 2016 census has a population of 946,651 people. Due to high population growth and immigration, it has led to an unprecedented increase in population that is not within the capacity of the city's infrastructure. As a result, along with many environmental problems in this city, it faces serious problems in terms of waste collection and disposal because the amount of waste production per citizen of Kermanshah is on average 750 to 900 grams per day, which is twice the global average. This waste is accumulated in the southern part of Kermanshah city and at a distance of about 15 km from it on the northern slope of Kuh-e Sefid. In this study, according to the geomorphological features of the region, the pollution of groundwater resources in the downstream areas of the landfill in Sarabghanbar of Kermanshah (Kermanshah city) has been investigated in GMS software environment and MODFLOW analytical code. In this study, first the geomorphological map of Kermanshah city in order to identify groundwater, soil, and slope and land type has been drawn. This map shows that the uneven erosion plain of the southern half of the city, due to the landfill of Kermanshah, can provide a source of pollution for Sarabghanbar springs. The groundwater level map shows the direction of water flow in this area from south and southeast to the center of the plain and then north and northeast. Landfill construction site, and groundwater flow direction are the main factors in the spread of pollution. Studies show that during the study period, the groundwater level in drought periods is constantly declining and its rate of rise in wet periods is always less than its rate of decline in dry periods. The results of MT3DMS quality model showed that in order to solve the problem of infiltration of landfill pollution in the groundwater network, among the several solutions that can be offered to water resource executives, one is blocking the border power supply of the plain and the other is controlling and preventing excessive drop. Groundwater level.

Proper use of natural resources to improve living standards leads to growth and macro-sustainable development. Proper use of production resources and their proper recycling will play an important role in the growth and health of a society. One of the problems with the current environment due to population growth and development, trash talk and buried it. The potential use of waste due to the continuation of production is very high, but due to the slow recovery, many problems are buried. The location of landfill areas Birjand as a strategic area, is evaluated. In order to introduce the 4 main criteria for the analysis of two multi ANP and entropy method was used for the right place in the GIS environment. 4 standard natural environment, geological and hydrogeological conditions, economic factors and how to exploit the situation in the region as the main criteria were selected location. The four criteria considering the 15 sub-criteria model in GIS environment and ultimately ranked fifth convenient location with ANP and 4 using the appropriate method for entropy method was presented. In order to analyze the spatial distribution of the error of choice in the GIS environment were analyzed and based on the distance to the city were analyzed. Distribution of selected locations with two methods of entropy and ANP showed that the spatial distribution of more than ANP and Entropy two positions A4 and A5 are higher than other places Daria choice of the aquifer and the city of Birjand.

Abstract In this study, the empirical relation between electrical resistivity and moisture content of municipal solid waste was determined at a closed landfill site. Samples obtained from drilled boreholes were investigated to measure their physical properties. In this study, a specific electrode array, dipole-dipole array, was used in laboratory measurements since it is very useful in 2D and 3D electrical resistivity tomography. After correction of temperature and compression effects on the electrical resistivity data in laboratory, a strong correlation was developed between electrical resistivity and moisture content of samples. The validity of obtained mathematical relation was confirmed by using it in moisture content estimation of a new borehole. The data of this borehole were not used to determine the empirical relation between electrical resistivity and moisture content of the samples. A comparison of the estimated moisture content with the corresponding values measured in the laboratory indicates a very strong correlation.

In today's growing world that explosive population growth it has an endemic growth of residual and its specific contamination, the environmentalists' minds are concerned about the extent to which the material can endanger the environment, water, soil and air. The unhealthy disposal of solid waste on different organisms at different concentrations and pollution intensities will produce different effects. The purpose of this study, environmental assessment Yazd solid waste landfill for this purpose, environmental sampling of the environmental elements of the current landfill site and determine the composition of municipal solid waste was done. The results of the well water analysis showed a slightly higher concentration of some of the investigated elements in the lower reaches of the burial site than the World Health Organization's (2008) standard for drinking. Soil analysis results showed a slight increase in the concentration of some elements in and near the landfill (in the direction of the slope of the layers), compared to the Canadian standard (2004) for agriculture. The analysis of the well water in the control and sample samples was lower (far from the burial site), and the concentration of the elements was close to the normal range. In relation to the analysis of leachate, the parameters are not consistent with the irrigation and agricultural standards of the Water Pollution Control Agency (2011). Finally, it can be said that the results of the analyzes did not show the widespread and critical effects of burial on the environment, especially the urban environment.

Environmental assessment of municipal solid waste landfill has a vital importance because of its high potential of pollution. The main aim of this research is to assess the effect of Behshahr landfill environmental effects on soil with respect to heavy metals contamination. For this reason, 12 soil samples have been chosen from surface soil of landfill site and neighbor agricultural lands and after preparation, the samples were analyzed by ICP-OES for measuring 35 elements. Among the analyzed elements, 8 elements including cobalt, zinc, copper, arsenic, molybdenum, chromium, nickel, and cadmium were evaluated. Also, for assessing the landfill effect on surrounding soils contamination, a sample from landfill leachate was taken and analyzed by ICP-MS. The obtained results were compared with 4 soil contamination standards. The results indicate that the average values of cobalt, cadmium, zinc, copper, arsenic, and nickel were higher than the standards pollution limits. Statistical analyses were performed on the results by employing Pearson’s correlation matrix, enrichment index, pollution index, and pollution load index. The measured pollution index indicates that the studied soils have moderate rate of human induced pollution and from enrichment index standpoint the Cd>As>Zn>Cu>Ni>Co>Cr>Mo trend can be seen. Pollution load index indicates that the landfill soil sample and samples 4 and 5 have highest pollution.

The presence of potentially toxic elements in the environment and especially in soil has been one of the greatest concerns due to their health implications. Potentially toxic elements from anthropogenic sources tend to be more mobile than those from lithogenic or pedogenic sources. Generally, the distribution of potentially toxic elements is influenced by the nature of parent materials, climatic conditions, and their relative mobility depending on soil parameters, such as mineralogy, texture and class of soil. In the inhabited, and industrial areas, vicinity to the un-engineered landfills, excess accumulation of toxic elements in surface soils can directly threaten wellbeing of exposed inhabitants via ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact routes. A few studies conducted on risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in soils of Kermanshah province, west of Iran. Soil in the study area is susceptible to contamination by anthropogenic activities in the form of industrial wastewater, agricultural activities, solid waste, runoff, atmospheric deposition and especially un-engineered landfills. The presence of toxic elements in soil around of un-engineered landfills without proper consideration to the environmental protection measures, will certainly lead to a significant environmental hazard in Kermanshah province. Therefore, the main purposes of this study are to evaluate the contamination levels, health risk assessment, and source identification of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the Gasre Shirin, Gilane Gharb, Paveh, Javanrood, Eslamshahr, Ravansar, Kermanshah and Sanghar un-engineered landfills.
Material and A total of 30 topsoil samples were collected (0-20 cm depth) from the eight un-engineered landfills of the Kermanshah province. In order to achieve a representative sample, composite samples were prepared by mixing the four subsamples taken at each corners of 2×2 m square cell because composite sampling yields homogenized samples for analyses. The subsamples were mixed and a final sample of 1 kg was taken by repeated coning and quartering. To determine background concentration of heavy metals, eight soil samples were collected from areas far from known sources of contamination (40-60 cm depth).
The collected samples were immediately stored in polyethylene bags and air-dried in the laboratory at room temperature. Then, samples passed through a 2mm stainless steel sieve. The 1, it is likely that there will be adverse health effects, whereas if the ADD is less than the RfD, HQ1 show possible adverse health effects. Carcinogenic risk is regarded as the probability of an individual developing any type of cancer in the whole life time due to exposure to carcinogenic hazards and was calculated for As and Cd as follows: (1) The value of SF represents the probability of developing cancer per unit exposure level of mg/kg day. The acceptable risk range for carcinogens is set to 10-6 to by the USEPA, so that RI values below 10-6 do not require further action, while risks greater than 10-4 are considered to be of concern and require additional action to reduce the exposure and resulting risk.
The soil pH ranges from 7.01 to 8.06, with an average value of 7.51 suggesting neutral conditions. Organic carbon (OC) contents of soil samples ranged from 0.06% to 4.91% (average 1.59%). In this study, based on the USDA textural triangle the main soil textures are loamy, clay loam and sandy loam, respectively.
The average abundance order of selected elements content is: Zn>Ni>Pb>Cr>Cu>As>Cd. Comparison of mean concentration of the potentially toxic elements in the soil samples with mean worldwide values reveals higher Zn, Pb and Ni contents in this area.
The results of contamination factor indicate very high contamination for Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. Modified Degree of Contamination (mCd) calculated based on background values proves very high degrees of contamination for selected trace elements in Gasre Shirin and Eslamshahr landfills soil samples The results of enrichment factor evaluation similarity to contamination factor indicate that Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu and Zn have more influence from anthropogenic sources. The maximum EF of Pb, Zn and Cd and Cu is 346.7,124 and 51.9 respectively, which means very high enrichment in Ghasre Shirin landfill soil samples.
Exposure doses of 7 heavy metals in soil samples of un-enggenerd landfills for children and adults were calculated. The total exposure HQs calculated based on adults from ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation for Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, As and Pb was less than 1(except Ghasreshirin landfill). The hazard quotient values based on the adult risk for Cr were greater than 1.0. The results show that HQ for Pb and As in children by dermal and ingestion pathway is exceeded 1.0 in soil samples of Paveh, Javanrood, Ravansar, Kermanshah and Sangher landfills and Ghasreshirin and Eslamshahr landfills, respectively.
The concentration, pollution level, potential sources and health risk of potentially toxic elements in eight landfills top soil of Kermanshah province were investigated in this study. The following conclusions were drawn from this research.
- Compared with the background values of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in soils of Kermanshah Province, landfills soil have elevated metal concentrations as a whole.
- According to high contamination level and health risk of some studied potentially toxic elements, and also due to the proximity of contamination sources to residential district of the study area, more attention should be paid to manage and reduce contamination.
- These results provide basic information of toxic elements pollution control and environment management in the area..

Determining the location of landfill sites is a difficult and complex process because it is necessary to consider different factors and criteria in the landfill sitting process. In this study, in order to consider all parameters, a combination of Geographic Information System (GIS) and the Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) was used for landfill site selection in Javanrood County. For the purpose of making decisions in landfill site selection different parameters have been identified, including distance to groundwater, distance to surface water, land cover, distance to urban and rural areas, land uses, distance to roads, slope, distance to faults and geology type. Each criterion was evaluated with the aid of AHP and mapped by GIS. Then, the layer was standardized and the relative importance of criteria to each other was determined by an analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method was applied to evaluate the land suitability. Data were assorted into four suitability classes within the study area, i.e., high, moderate, low and very low suitability areas. Based on the results, 15% was determined to be suitable for a landfill site. Finally, two candidate sites were determined after field investigation

Current industrial cities in terms of mining, ore crushing and production units located in that area could be contaminated with particulate matter, especially heavy metals such as lead, nickel -Zinc, copper, cadmium, etc. are various forms. On the other hand disrupt the daily lives of those residents near waste disposal sites are essential to prevent the need for waste disposal location. The researcher sought the appropriate location for solid waste landfill Khorram Bid Township in the province is using GIS. To achieve this objective, criteria such as slope, aspect, elevation, geology, land use, lines of communication, distance from the settlement, distance from the wells and aqueducts, distance from surface water is used. Then, for each of the factors at zoning cutting waste landfill was prepared in GIS data layers and each layer was weighted. Then, to modeling, to each of the data layers based on their importance in landfill zoning stonework using AHP model is assigned an appropriate weight. The following layers were normalized using fuzzy functions. The results of layers lands on the information to select suitable sites for landfill classified into five classesThus, according to research that the final map, the north and northeast of the city for which it is intended.

The main purpose of the analysis and final evaluation of urban geology landfill in geographic information systems to identify and locate the major projects of urban landfill in the city of Bushehr, access to the necessary information and accurate they primarily based on studies with selection options grand designs of city landfill in the province introduced And another group has performed detailed studies on the specification of the preferred option in this study is considered expansion and rehabilitation of to wind, flood storage areas, making the area susceptible to earthquakes and low depth to groundwater from shallow wells due to proximity to the sea has a great impact. Classification erosion study area are inadequate landfill and erosion in the region is very high. The results showed current landfill Bushehr flood facies in the study area expansion is moderate. Gas permeability of 4-10 cm per second permeability is relatively good. Categorizing erosion in the study area are inadequate landfill and erosion in the region is very high. Quaternary deposits Heights area of ​​erosion formations and carry it by its flood flows. These deposits are widely distributed in the study area.

The Karstic Asmari & Jahrom Formations extensively outcrop in the Darab city region. The current Darab landfill site is located on sandy gravel alluvium, a few meters above the karstic Asmari Formation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the landfill on groundwater quality. Ten karstic and alluvial exploitation wells and downstream of the landfill site were sampled to measure the concentrations of major ions, nitrates, heavy metals, trace elements, total coliform and fecal coliform. The major ions and nitrate concentrations are below the EPA Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL). The fecal coliform exceeds the EPA MCL in most of the wells. There is no contaminant source to justify the high levels of fecal coliform in the exploitation wells. Fecal coliform is naturally present in the soil based on recent researches. The concentrations of Sb and Se are more than the EPA and WHO MCL in some of the wells. The source of these contaminants is not the Darab landfill, because no general flow direction and concentration trends are observed from the landsite towards the contaminated wells. In addition, there is no anthropogenic source of these elements in the study area. The sources of Sb and Se are most probably geogenic from limestone and shale. The volume of aquifer dynamic storage has been significantly reduced due to overexploitation and drought. Therefore, Sb and Se were dissolved in ever-decreasing volumes of water, and consequently, their concentrations increased.

Though there are several alternatives to solid waste disposal, including the sanitary landfill method, the incineration method, the composting method and anaerobic digestion, but disposing of waste in a landfill is the most traditional method of disposal of solid wastes, and it is a common practice in most developed countries. Several techniques and methods have been used in a sanitary landfill site selection in the literature. In this paper three methods consist of a simple additive weighting method, fuzzy based method and Neuro - Fuzzy hybrid method has been used to landfill site selection in Lorestan province and the results of three methods have been compared to each other. The prepared maps by means of simple additive weighting and fuzzy methods have a correlation with the real condition of ground of 43 and 65 percent, respectively, whereas the Neuro - Fuzzy method map has a 55 percent correlation with field observation.

Development of land in the area of natural resources and human threats to the environment from various sources is imported. This study aimed to compare the results of the Minnesota Pollution Control method Bushehr landfill site selection and environmental protection organizations in the GIS were studied. Methods Minnesota Pollution Control consists of two groups of factors. The first group of six playoff factor and the second group of seven secondary condition factor, failure to meet the six primary factor in eliminating the desired location. Environmental criteria are examined and the distance from surface water, airport, away from roads and highways, are wells, wetlands, and sensitive earthquake-prone areas, terrain, annual waste deep underground water, land use, erosion, cover Plant and primary and secondary factors were determined in Minnesota with the use of GIS. The results showed landfill in Bushehr current zoning and distance from the aqueduct and Jshmhhay most studied area in Minnesota inappropriate criteria in categories B, a secondary index. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, landfills% 43.75% 56.25 appropriate and inappropriate. This limiting factor, distance from surface water, exposure to wind, flood storage areas, making the area susceptible to earthquakes and low depth to groundwater from shallow wells due to proximity to the sea has a great impact. Classification erosion study area are inadequate landfill and erosion in the region is very high.