جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Crustal Structure » در نشریات گروه « زمین شناسی »

Crustal velocity structure in the Western Alborz have been investigated using joint inversion of receiver functions and Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion curves. To determine the receiver functions, time domain iterative deconvolution and teleseismic events, which are recorded at five broadband seismic stations of the Iranian Seismological Center (IRSC), were used. The fundamental mode Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion curves were provided by the study on the structure of crust and upper mantle of the Iranian Plateau. The results show that the average thickness of the crust in the southern margin of the Caspian Sea beneath of the CSN1 and RST1 stations is 38 km. Toward south, the depth of Moho increases up to 52, 54 and 50 km beneath the QALM, QCNT and QSDN stations. The low thickness of the crust in the southern shore of the Caspian Sea indicates that the Caspian crust is thin. Moreover, the moderate thickness of the crust in western Alborz, which is not in balance with its elevation, indicates the lack of root in Alborz.

Crustal velocity structure and Moho discontinuity depth have investigated beneath 7 the broadband seismic stations, AFRZ, TKDS, TPRV, TNSJ, ANAR, KRSH of the Iranian Seismological Center (ISC) and YZKH of Iranian National Seismic Network (INSN) located in the center of Iran by joint inversion of receiver functions and Rayleigh waves group velocity dispersion. Three years (2012 to 2014) teleseismic waveforms (with epicentral distance 25o-90o) for computation receiver functions by iterative approach in time domain have been processed. The Rayleigh waves group velocity dispersion curves were incorporated into our joint inversion scheme from an independent surface wave tomography study. Receiver function is response of local structure of ground (located beneath the three–component broadband seismic station) to teleseismic P-wave, that is sensitive to seismic discontinuities. Since there is very little absolute-velocity information contained in the receiver function, its inversion for shear-wave velocity structure is non-unique (velocity-depth trade-off). On the other hand, dispersion curves are sensitive to the average velocity structure of the upper layers rather than to seismic discontinuities. So the non-uniqueness problem can be solved by combining receiver function inversion with surface-wave dispersion. Results from joint inversion in center of Iran indicates that Moho discontinuity depth depth beneath AFRZ, TKDS and TPRV stations is 40 Km, beneath TKDS 42 Km, beneath ANAR is 38 Km and beneath KRSH and YZKH stations are 44 Km. It was shown that the joint inversion method can cause ±2 kilometers of error. The average Moho depth is about 42±2 kilometers beneath center of Iran.

The main purpose of this paper is studying sedimentary layer in the Qeshm Island. We use aftershocks of 27 Nov. 2005 Qeshm Island (Mb=6.0), to perfume 2D tomography of Rayleigh waves.
We have analyzed surface wave data for 856 aftershocks, consist 9821 waveforms. The dispersion curves are calculated in the period range between 0.1 seconds and 10 seconds, which correspond to the shallow structures of uppermost crust including sedimentary layer. Surface wave tomography has also been performed to estimate the two-dimensional group velocity maps of Rayleigh waves in the region. The isolated surface wave fundamental modes by Herman and group velocities dispersion curves obtained by it, using Yanovskaya-Ditmar linear inversion method for estimation of 2D tomography maps. Based on the ray coverage, the area divided into cells with dimension 1 Km ×1 Km. in every cell and for distinct periods the velocities were calculated. The minimum dimension of distinct heterogeneities estimated as about 3 km.
Low-velocity anomalies in tomography maps can be related to the accumulation of salt plugs and some soft sediment in the area. In periods up to 4 sec, which related to shallower depths, a distinct lineation observed that may relate to a fault. It seems that this fault has cut off the sediments. Into the deeper sediment, this fault disappeared which means the sediments were softer and unbreakable.

Summary: Crustal velocity structure beneath four broadband seismic stations located in northeast of Iran, including Shahrood (SHRO) and Maraveh Tappeh (MRVT) stations set up by Iran National Seismic Network (INSN) and Sabzevar (SZBV) and Jarkhoshk (JRKH) stations set up by Iranian Seismology Center (IRSC), have been investigated by joint inversion of P receiver function and Rayleigh wave phase and group velocity dispersion curves. A three-year teleseismic data (2012 -2014) with epicentral distance of 25o-90o and magnitude more than 5.5 have been used to determine the receiver functions by iterative deconvolution in time domain proposed by Ligorria and Ammon (1999). Iterative deconvolution in time domain to determine the receiver functions are more stable with noisy data in comparison to frequency domain. The fundamental mode of Rayleigh wave group and phase velocity dispersion curves have been provided by the study on the structure of crust and upper mantle of the Iranian Plateau for the period interval of 10-100 seconds made by Rahimi (2010). A combined inversion of body wave receiver functions and Rayleigh wave velocities increases the uniqueness of the solution over the separate inversions, and also, facilitates explicit parameterization of the layer thickness in the model space. Moho discontinuity depth is one of the most important parameters for investigation of crustal structure. The results of this study indicate an average crustal thickness varying from 38 km beneath Maraveh Tappeh (MRVT) station in north of the study region up to 44 km beneath Shahrood (SHRO) station in west of the region. Moreover, the results of this study suggest that the average crust thickness beneath Sabzevar (SZBV) and Jarkhoshk (JRKH) stations located in center and east of the study region is 40 km. In general, northeastern Iran region has a thin crust compared to the crusts in the other areas investigated in this research work. It has also been shown that the joint inversion method can cause ±2 kilometers of error.
Introduction: Iran is situated in one of the world's seismic regions and the possibility of destructive earthquakes in most regions of the country has given great significance to recognition of Iranian seismic nature from a seismic and seismotectonic standpoint. The seismicity within Iran suggests that much of the deformation is concentrated in the Zagros, Alborz and Koppeh Dagh mountains, and in east of Iran, surrounding Central Iran and the Lut desert. The aim of this research is to study the crustal structure and Moho discontinuity of northeastern Iran region, Binalood mountains and Koppeh Dagh by the analysis of receiver function and surface waves dispersion.

Methodology and Approaches: Receivers functions are time series obtained from three-component seismometers, and are created by deconvolving the vertical component from the radial and transverse components of the seismogram to isolate the receiver site effects from the other information contained in a teleseismic P and S wave. The depth-velocity trade-off in receiver function causes nonuniqueness in the inverse problem. However, by incorporating information of absolute shear wave from dispersion estimates and joint inversion of these two datasets, this shortcoming can be compromised. To determine the receiver functions, we have used iterative deconvolution in time domain, proposed by Ligorria and Ammon (1999) that is more stable with noisy data in comparison to frequency domain. We have processed teleseismic events with epicentral distance of 25o-90o and magnitudes more than 5.5 that are recorded at a three-year time interval of 2012 to 2014. We have set the parameter a of the Gaussian filter to 1.00, which gives an effective high frequency limit of about 0.5 in the P wave. In order to eliminate the source, path and instrument effects, deconvolution of the vertical component from the horizontal components of the seismograms has been used. All receiver functions have been grouped by azimuth (<10◦) and distance (<15◦), and in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, the individual receiver functions within each group have been stacked. The fundamental mode of the Rayleigh wave group and phase velocities dispersion curves have been provided from the study carried out by Rahimi et al., (2014) on the structure of crust and upper mantle of the Iranian Plateau for the period interval of 10-100 seconds. Joint inversion of two independent data sets has been performed by considering appropriate weighting parameter obtained from Herrmann and Ammon program (2003). Minimizing standard error between real and predicted data is the criteria for getting the desired final and close to the earth real model. The inversion package requires that the real velocity structure is represented by a set of flat-lying, homogeneous, isotropic velocity layers. The starting model comprises of the layers having 1-km thick as the top 6 km of the model space, 2-km thick between the depths of 6 and 66 km, and 4 km thick between the depths of 66 and 78 km. The starting velocity for each layer in the model has been Vp=8.0 km/s, which equates to upper mantle velocity.

Results and Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the average crust thickness beneath Shahrood (SHRO) station, located in west of the study region is 44 km and the average crust thickness beneath Sabzevar (SZBV) and Jarkhoshk (JRKH) stations located in center and east of the study region is 40 km. Furthermore, the crust thickness beneath Maraveh Tappeh (MRVT) station located in north of Koppeh Dagh region in is 38 km. In general, northeastern Iran region has a thin crust compared to the crust in other areas of northeast of Iran.

Summary In this study, crustal velocity structure beneath two broadband seismic stations of Iran National Seismic Network (INSN), Ashtian-Arak (ASAO) and Naein (NASN) located in northwest of the Central Iran seimotectonic zone near the Ashtian and Nain cities have been investigated by joint inversion of P receiver function and of Rayleigh wave phase and group velocity dispersion curves. To determine the receiver functions, we have used iterative deconvolution in time domain proposed by Ligorria and Ammon (1999). which is more stable with noisy data in comparison to frequency domain. The fundamental mode Rayleigh wave group and phase velocities dispersion curves have been provided by the study of Rahimi et al. (2014) on the structure of crust and upper mantle of the Iranian Plateau for the period interval of 10-100 sec. The result of this study suggests that Moho discontinuity depth beneath Ashtian-Arak station (ASAO is 50 ± 2 km and beneath Naein station (NASN), it is 56 ± 2 km. Relative high crustal thickness beneath NASN station in comparison to other regions of central Iran can be attributed to abut the region to the Sanandaj–Sirjan zone (SSZ) and Urumieh– Dokhtar magmatic assemblage (UDMA). It can also attributed to the existence of thick Magma masses in Urumieh– Dokhtar magmatic assemblage and increase of the density and relative thickness of the area based on the isostasy theory. The average Moho depth in northwest edge of Central Iran is 53 ±2 km.
Introduction Iran is situated in one of the world seismic regions and the possibility of occurring destructive earthquakes in most regions of the country has given a great significance to recognition of Iranian seismic nature from a seismotectonic standpoint. The seismicity within Iran suggests that much of the deformation is concentrated in the Zagros, Alborz and Kopeh Dagh mountains, and also, in east Iran, surrounding Central Iran and the Lut desert, which are virtually aseismic and behave as relatively rigid . The aim of this research is the study of the crustal structure and Moho discontinuity of the northwest of the Central Iran from analysis of receiver function and surface waves dispersion.
Methodology and Approaches Receiver functions are the response of the local earth structure to the near-vertical arrival of p waves under a threecomponent seismogram and are susceptible to shear wave velocity contrasts. The depth-velocity trade-off in receiver function causes non-uniqueness in the inverse problem. However, by incorporating information of absolute shear wave from dispersion estimates and joint inversion of these two datasets, this shortcoming can be compromised. In this study, crustal velocity structure beneath two broadband seismic stations of INSN, i.e. ASAO and NASN located in northwest of the Central Iran seimotectonic zone near the Ashtian and Nain cities have been investigated by joint inversion of P receiver function and of Rayleigh wave phase and group velocity dispersion curves. To determine the receiver functions, we use iterative deconvolution in time domain proposed by Ligorria and Ammon (1999) which is more stable with noisy data in comparison with frequency domain and teleseismic events with source-receiver great circle paths larger than 30° and smaller than 90° with magnitudes more than 5.0 that are recorded at time period of 2009 to 2013. The 210 desired RFs have been recorded at two permanent stations. To remove high frequencies, Gaussian parameter 1.0 has been used. In order to eliminate the source, path and instrument effects, deconvolution of the vertical component from the horizontal components of the seismograms is used. For increasing signal to noise ratio, RFs have been clustered in 20˚ azimuthal and less than 15˚ epicentral distance ranges. Finally, the RFs are stacked. The fundamental mode Rayleigh wave group and phase velocities dispersion curves have been provided by the study of Rahimi et al. (2014) on the structure of crust and upper mantle of the Iranian Plateau for the period interval of 10-100 sec. In this way, more accurate information about the crustal structure can be obtained. Joint inversion of two independent data sets has been performed by considering combination of appropriate weighting parameter from Herrmann and Ammon program (2003). Minimizing standard error between real and predicted data is the criteria for getting to desired final and close to earth real model.
Results and Conclusions The result of this study suggests that Moho discontinuity depth beneath ASAO is 50 ± 2 km and beneath NASN is 56 ± 2 km. Relative high crustal thickness beneath NASN station in comparison to other regions of central Iran can be attributed to abut the region to the Sanandaj–Sirjan zone (SSZ) and Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic assemblage (UDMA). It can also attributed to existence of thick Magma masses in Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic assemblage and increase the density and relative thickness of the area based on the isostasy theory. The average Moho depth in northwest edge of Central Iran is 53 ± 2 km.

Nearly one-third of the shortening in Iran plateau due to Arabia-Eurasia convergence is accommodated in the Zagros fold and thrust belt, which is seismically one of the most active regions among the continental collision zones in the world. Deploying a temporary seismic network in the north of Bandar Abbas in Hormozgan Province, which consisted of 32 three-component seismograph stations operating for a duration of about 3.5 months, provided appropriate data for studying the upper crustal structure of the easternmost Zagros by usingLocal Earthquake Tomography. Three dimensional velocity model obtained the conversion of P-wave arrival times indicates southwestward overthrusting of the lower crust of northern parts, supporting active underthrusting of the Arabian plate beneath Central Iran in the easternmost Zagros. A very low velocity zone is also observed in the eastern part of the study area that could be associated with the Zendan-Minab-Palami fault system.

Summary: In this study we used seismic data available from the permanent stations in the NW Iran to study seismic activities and crustal structure beneath the Tabriz region. The region of study is situated in the seismically active NW tectonic province of Iran، where detailed seismic information on the crustal structure and seismicity is lacking. The availability of seismic data collected since 1996 by Tabriz permanent short-period seismological network provided us with an unprecedented opportunity to study the seismicity and crustal seismic structure of this region. Our seismic data consisted of waveforms of local events collected by Tabriz seismological network operated by the Institute of Geophysics of Tehran University (IGTU) and two broad-band permanent seismic stations from the Iranian National Seismic Network operated by the International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES). We manually picked the P and S arrival times on all collected waveforms. The events were initially located using a 1-D model used by the Tabriz network for routine daily event location. Of a total number of 728 events of local magnitudes greater than 2 recorded between 1996 and 2006 by the seismic stations، 361events of azimuthal gaps of less than 180 degrees and time residual of less than 1. 0 second were selected for the subsequent analyses. We then simultaneously inverted the arrival times of the local events for one dimensional velocity-depth models and event relocation. By considering the nonuniqueness of the inversion process، we inverted the data using a sufficient number of initial models. Finally، the models showing consistency with each other were selected. Some standard tests were performed to make sure that the final models were in agreement with the observed data. These tests revealed that the results of inversion were stable. The final best 1-D model is a 5-layer model to a depth of 35 km. Since we used local shallow events recorded at a small-aperture local network، the models are not valid for the depths deeper than 35 km. The final 1-D model gave P and S velocities smaller than the global average values for the orogens. This was because the study area was an active orogenic belt. On the other hand، the Vp/Vs ratio (which was found to be equal to 1. 745 using the Wadati Method) of our 1-D models showed values comparable to the average values for a typical continental crust. This presumably indicates that sources of partial melts، if exist beneath the region، are most likely residing in the lower crust. We also examined the event distribution in depth in order to delineate the geometry of the active faults. The majority of events occurred at the north of the North Tabriz fault. Therefore، it seems to be a vertical fault with a gentle northward dip and the events frequently occur in a depth range of 10 to 25 km (within the crystalline basement). And also some hidden faults seem to exist، which are not traced on the surface geological maps.