جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « بومادران » در نشریات گروه « زیست شناسی »

Plants need essential elements for growth and development. Nutritional management of nutrients can be effective in the production and quality of medicinal and aromatic plants. Molybdenum is a micronutrient that plays an important role in the enzymatic systems of plants. It is also considered a heavy metal, and excessive amounts are stressful for plants. In this study, the effect of molybdenum treatment (0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μM) was investigated on the biochemical and morphological characteristics of Achillea millefolium L. in a completely randomized design in hydroponic culture. The results showed that 0.01 and 0.1 μM molybdenum concentrations compared to control had positive effects on most biochemical characteristics, including chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanins, soluble carbohydrates, proteins and growth indices including plant leaf area, root and shoot dry weight. While a 1 μM concentration of molybdenum had a negative effect on soluble carbohydrates and root dry weight. Root and shoot molybdenum concentration increased along with molybdenum levels, but copper concentration was reduced, indicating the antagonistic effects of these two elements. Phenolic compounds in the plant also increased in response to 0.1 μM molybdenum. Therefore, it seems that the best molybdenum level for plant growth and phenolic compound production is 0.1 μM molybdenum.

It is a continuing effort to develop new anticancer compounds. Some studies have reported that some compounds of Achillea Santolina have inhibitory effects on several cancer cell lines. The present study aims to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea Santolina on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in fibrin hydrogel. In this experimental study, to prepare the fibrin hydrogel scaffold, an M199 medium containing 10% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin, fibrinogen powder with a concentration of 3 mg/ml, and thrombin with a concentration of 120 u/ml was used. Cultured MCF-7 cells in fibrin gel were treated with hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea Santolina in 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/ml concentrations for 24h. Morphology and cellular viability and proliferation were evaluated by DAPI staining and MTT assay at certain days after treatment. Also, the structure of the scaffold and the condition of the cells in the gel were investigated by photographing with a scanning electron microscope.The results of this study showed the cytotoxic effects of Achillea Santolina extract in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The concentration of 500 mg/ml of the extract of A. Santolina was determined as an IC50 concentration. Also, cell viability in the control group and treated group with extract at IC50 concentrations showed significant (P<0.05) differences on days 1, 3, and 5. The hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea Santolina can inhibit MCF-7 cell proliferation and induce cell death in a dose and time-dependent manner.

Bracon hebetor say bee is one of the most important biological control factors that can be effective in controlling larvae of lepidoptera pests such as Helicoverpa armigera hubner at acceptable economic level. The present review was aimed at studying probable adverse effects of Achillea millefolium, Lavandula angustifolia, and Mentha piperita plants extracts on adult insect of the B. hebetor bee. The bee was grown on last instar larvae of Ephestia kueheniella Zell. All bioassay experiments were carried out at temperature of 26±1 °C and relative humidity of 60±5, and under photoperiod conditions of 16 hours of lightness and 8 hours of darkness. Findings of the study indicated that spearmint plant had the highest lethal effect on adult insect of B. hebetor bee in fumigant and contact toxicities and other plants, respectively, Achillea millefolium, Lavandula angustifolia, and Mentha piperita had the least lethal effect on adult insect of B. hebetor bee in fumigant and contact toxicities. The estimated LC50 value for spearmint plant at 48 hours was 6 microliters/ml in fumigant toxicity and 3.2 microliter/ml in contact toxicity. Repellency effect of spearmint, Achillea millefolium, Lavandula angustifolia, and Mentha piperita plants extracts was studied on adult insect using tube -Y olfactory-meter device. Cotton wool soaked with the extract was placed at one end of the device and the other end was closed with web and the insects were released in the main branch. Each iteration of the experiment was conducted on 20 insects. Results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the data related to repellency effect of the studied extracts indicated that being a stronger repellant compared to other two extracts, spearmint extract with lower concentration can repel adult insects of B. hebetor bee.

Achillea millefolium L. from Asteraceae family has valuable medicinal properties. Nowadays, nanotechnology plays a very important role in various scientific fields. Magnesium nanoparticles, like other bio-synthesized nanoparticles, has several properties which can cause positive or negative changes in the morphological and physiological characteristics of the plant which lead to an increase or decrease in their medicinal properties. In this study, in order to evaluate the effect of Magnesium dioxide nanoparticles spraying and time of spraying on morph physiological characters of Achillea millefolium L, an experiment was designed as split factorial based on a complete randomized block design with four replications in two years in Malard, Safadasht. Irrigation as the main plot at two levels such on: Irrigation every 7 days (control) and irrigation every 14 days, and Four stages of spraying (tilling, stem elongation, before flowering and after flowering) and application of different concentrations of Magnesium dioxide nanoparticles (0, 1, 3, and 5%) were factorial in sub-plots. Leaf area every month measured by leaf area meter to calculate CGR and NAR growth indices. Sampling was performed to measure traits such as relative water content (RWC) for each treatment 72 hours after the third stage of foliar application. At flowering time, plant height, flower dry weight and pedicel dry weight were measured. In general, it is concluded that by increasing the concentration of magnesium dioxide, the adverse effects of drought stress are reduced however, the tendency for nanoparticles to condense at higher concentrations appears to suppress their true effects.

Treatment of cancer by medicinal plants has long been of interest to researchers. In the meantime, some plant species contain substances that, through apoptosis or necrosis, can inhibit or eliminate cancer cells. The family of mint and chicory are among the medicinal plants that have many biological effects.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Pennyroyal and Artemisia extract on gastric cancer cell line (AGS).In this study, aerial parts of plants were extracted. AGS cells were treated with the concentrations of Hydroatanolic extract (50-1000 g / ml) at 24, 48 and 72 hours intervals. Cell motility was estimated using MTT method and the rate of induction of apoptosis by flow cytometry with The Annexin-V .The results of MTT assay showed strong and dependent inhibitors of the concentration of cancer cell proliferation by various extracts of Achillea and Salvia. These extracts have a doseand time dependent anti cancer effect on AGS cells. In the study of apoptosis in treated cells, the extract of the Pennyroyal was more effective. Due to the cytotoxic effects of hydrotanolic extracts on AGS cells, these plants can be used as potential option for further studies on cancer treatment. Therefore, the purification of the active ingredient in these extracts and the determination of their effect mechanism is recommended.

This experiment was performed to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of yarrow leaves and flowers on the survival of three cancer cell lines namely; HELA, CAOV, MCF7, for the possibile production of inexpensive drugs without side effects.

After incubation of cancer cell liners 48 hours, cell suspension was prepared and distributed with cells at different concentration in culture medium for 24 hours. Then Achilleawilhelmsii leaf and flower extract were prepared and sterilized. Consecutive dilutions of 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2 and 6.4 mg / ml were prepared and added to each well containing cell suspension and placed in an incubator. The plates were examined microscopically after 48 hours and light absorption was determined after MTT assay.

The results showed that in MCF7 with 0.4 mg / ml; CAOV, and HELA cancer cell lines, the lowest cell survival rate was observed at the concentration of 6.4 mg / ml leaf extraction. In comparison, the highest anti-cancer effect of yarrow flower extract on three cancer cell lines was recorded in MCF7 cancer cells at a concentration of 6.4 mg / ml, while in HELA cancer cell line the lowest cell survival ware observed at the concentration of 6.4 mg / ml in a 72-hour treatment.

According to the results, yarrow flower and leaf extract treatment is recommended to decrease of three cancer cell lines survival.

From biomedicine point of view, the application of medicinal plants to prevent and treat diabetes via intervention in biomolecule degradation mechanisms, is an important issue. Achillea L. belongs to Asteraceae family and have traditional properties with different applications in folk medicine. A. pachycephala is one of the valuable species of Achillea which has been considered as a rich source of antioxidants. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of various phenological stages including five leaves appearance, sprouting, 50% and 100% flowering on antiglycative and antioxidant activity of A. pachycephala flowers extract. Antioxidant activity were evaluated based on 1,1-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power (FTC) methods. The inhibitory effect of the extracts was determined in albumin glycation model using Congo red binding and brown staining assays. The results showed that the extracts collected at 50% flowering stage had the highest antiglycative potential, the highest amounts of total phenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant activities. Besides, a direct correlation between antioxidant and anti-glycative activity was suggested. Most likely, A. pachycephala prevents albumin glycation originating from its strong antioxidant properties, therefore it can be considered as a good candidate for reducing complications of diabetes.

To evaluate effect of two irrigation intervals on morphological charecteristics of different Achillea nobilis, A. biberestini and A. filipendula populations, a field experiment was arranged on the base of factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental factores were irrigation intervals (7 and 14 days) and Achillea nobilis, A. biberestini, A. filipendula populations. The irrigation intervals were applied from the time of plants establishment in the field until the plant yield recorded. The results showed that responses of A. nobilis, A. biberestini and A. filipendula species and populations to irrigation intervals were different. Among three studied species, drought had less impact on plant morphology characteristics of A. filipendula populations. Seven populations of A. nobilis were grouped in three groups. Populations in the group I had higher plant height, yield and flowering time. Polulations group III showed higher crown diameter, flower diameter, stem number and flower number, however shorter full flowering time, indicating favorable production potential of populations group III in semi-arid regions. Accoring to the results of this study, irrigation intervals longer than 14 days are not recommended in geographic conditions similar to Karaj for the A. nobilis, A. biberestini and A. filipendula. Considerable diversity among the populations of studied species indicated the potential of these species in breeding programs in dry and semi-arid regions.

DNA extraction from plant tissues often causes most problems. For example, unsuccessful removal secondary metabolites during extraction, such as phenolic compounds in aromatic and medicinal plants, cause to some mistakes in result of molecular experiments by using of the extracted DNA. Achillea wilhelmsii is a medicinal plant belong to Asteraceae family and native to Iran, there is little information about genomic data in this plant. Therefore, optimizing of the DNA extraction methods for obtaining suitable quality and quantity yield is necessary. In this study, two traditional DNA extraction methods (using fresh and herbarium leaf samples) and commercial DNA kit MAGNANTM in Yarrow have been compared. Results showed that DNA extracted from fresh leaves of yarrow according to Khanuja et al. (1999) was better than the other methods which mentioned in this research, because of the increased amount of extracted DNA and reduced harmful compounds such as RNA, polysaccharides, protein and secondary metabolites. To evaluate the quality of extracted DNA from herbarium specimens showed that, in spite of the high yielding DNA (10-50 fold ratio to the other methods), quality of this extract was low on agarose gel because of smear and broken down the molecules. It can be considered as a limitation of the extract in molecular experiments. Procedure of MAGNANTM DNA kit was appropriate for reducing time and cost of the extraction as well as low contamination to protein and RNA, but the process needs some modifications for yarrow to increase the amount of extracted DNA.

In this research, apical shoots of Achillea wilhelmsii and A. millefolium at three different developmental stages including thevegetative, flowering and fruiting stages from natural habitat, Martyrs Valley, in West Azerbaijan were collected. Essential oil samples were extracted by water - distillation method (Clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The results showed that at different harvest times, in addition to yield, quality and quantity of essential oils were also reported to differ. Of the total compounds identified in the essential oil of A. wilhelmsii, 36 and 16 constituents belonged to monoterpenes (69.23 percent) and sesquiterpens (30.76 percent), respectively. So monoterpenes had the highest share in compounds. In the essential oil of A. millefolium, 37 compounds identified as monoterpene (56.92%) and 28 compounds (43.07%) as the sesquiterpene. The most important compounds in the essential oil of A. millefolium, were 1-8 cineole, camphene, borneol and camphor that 1-8 cineole, camphene & borneol and camphor in May, June and July had the highest value, respectively. Among the major constituents of the essential oil of A. wilhelmsii, compounds camphor, camphene, 1-8 cineol, borneol, 3,5 heptadien 2 ol, 2,6 dimethyl and α-pinene were the highest in the vegetative stage. 1-8 cineole, borneol, myrtanol and thujone were the highest in the fruiting stage. α- linalool, ocimenol, borneol, myrtanol and camphor were the highest in the flowering stage. The results showed that quality and quantity of the essential oils vary in different species and phenological stages. As a result, they havedifferent pharmaceutical actions

Achillea is one of the important medicinal plants in Iran which has been used widely in medicinal, cosmetic and health care industries. Agro-morphological diversity of wild populations of Achillea nobilis L. subsp. neilreichii and A. aleppica DC. subsp. aleppica was investigated. The investigated traits were: plant height, plant diameter, flower diameter, number of flowers and fresh and dry weight. Results showed that there are significant differences between populations, and some populations showed distinctively better results than the others. In A. nobilis, Population "Gilan7" showed highest amount and "Semnan" showed the lowest amount for different agro-morphological traits. Correlation effect analysis of A. nobilis Populations showed that there are significant positive correlation between yield (average fresh weight of each plant) and flower diameter. This is the only correlation found between vegetative and reproductive traits. Cluster analysis grouped A. nobilis populations into 5 clusters. The valuable by-product of Achillea is mainly located in the flowers and top part of the flowering stems so cluster 4 and 5 contained most desirable populations because they had highest amount of flowers and flower diameter. In A. aleppica, "Elam" population with high amount of flowers (8.17) and lowest amount for plant diameter is a Superior population because it let us to have more plant in a unit area and produce. These results are very helpful for improving and introducing more suitable varieties.

Achillea is flowering plants in the family of Asteraceae that is one of the most important medicinal plants. A. millefolium is one of the important species and a best-known source of antioxidant activity. In this study, essential oil yield and composition of total phenolic, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and ferric thiocyanate model systems) of Amk from kandowan, AmlitR from Lithuania, AmUK from the British, Amo from Orumie and Amh from Hamedan were investigated in four phenological stages including five leaves appearance, sprouting, 50% and 100% flowering. An experiment was performed at Isfahan University of Technology in split plot in time, while a completely randomized block design with three replicates used to analyze the data. Results indicated that phenolic compounds, flavonioid content and ferric thiocyanate model system (in concentration from 50 ppm to 500 ppm) increased as the plant growth elevated until 50% of flowering, while it decreased in the maturity stage in all genotypes. For total phenolic and flavonioid content, the highest and the lowest amount observed in Kandovan (84.52 mg/1g of dry weight) and Orumie (13.936 mg Quercetin/gdW) genotypes, respectively. For reducing power, the highest absorbance in 700 nm belonged to Kandovan and in DPPH assay, Kandovan showed the lowest Ic50 (639.165 μg/ml). For essential oil yield, the highest and the lowest percent belonged to AmlitR (0.07%) and Hamedan (0.7%) at 100% flowering, respectively. So, the best harvesting time for this species in respect to total phenolic compounds was 50% flowering, while the best time for gaining high essential oil yield was 100% flowering.

Salvia officinalis L. and Achillea millefoliom L. have been reported as an antioxidant, anti infection and anti inflammatory. In this study aerial parts of both of plants in blooming were collected in June 2014 (1700m) from their natural habitats in Kerman province. Essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation (Clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by GC/MS. Total phenol content was measured by Folin–Ciocalteau method and their antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH. Results were showed that the oil of Salvia officinalis L. had higher amount of phenolic compounds (1.8 mg E GA/ml) and antioxidant activity(99.48% radical scavenging). The camphor (33.6%), α-tujene (25.4%) and 1,8-cineole(13.8%) were the most components of S.officinalis L. essential oil, respectively and the 1,8-cineole (22.3%), carvacrol (15%) and γ-terpinene were the most components of A.millefolium L. These results were confirmed that the secondary metabolites of these plants possess antioxidant activity and could be used as a natural antioxidant ingredient in food and drug industries.

In the current study, the effect of yarrow extract (Achillea millefolium L.) at 52, 104 and 208 mg.Kg-1 weight body incorporated in basal feed on blood biochemical parameters of carp infected Aeromonas hydrophila was investigated. When fish fed with enriched diets, the cumulative mortality reduced. The aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase and alkaline phosphates activities were adjusted in the blood of fish infected with low concentrations of A. hydrophila (0.25 and 0.50×106 cfu.mL-1), following treatment with yarrow extract. Whereas, these activities significantly increased in fish infected with high concentrations of A. hydrophila (1×106 cfu.mL-1). When fish fed with 52 mg yarrow extract the total protein significantly decreased along with increasing concentrations of bacteria injected into fish. Injected 1×106 cfu.mL-1 of A. hydrophila significantly decreased in the globulin, triglycerides and cholesterol levels in blood of fish. The glucose, urea and creatinine levels significantly increased in fish treated with high concentrations of A. hydrophila (p

In this study aerial parts of Achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium in bloomingwere, collected on summer 1390 from Research station of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands in Alborz Province. Essential oils were extracted by, hydro-distillation and microwave apparatus methods. Oils yields were 0.4% in hydro-distillation and 0.2% in microwave methods, which reason for low efficiency of essential oil was condition of time. Essential oils composition were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography connected to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS). In hydro-distillation, the major compositions were γ-terpinene 18.2%, elemol acetate 12.9%, caryophyllene acetate 12.2% and bornyl acetate 10%, respectively, but in Microwave method 1-terpineol 17.6%, α- bisabolol oxide A 10.6%, trans-thujone 7.3% and terpin-4-ol 7.1% were the major constituents, respectively. The results of the two methods has shown a lot of changes in quantitative and qualitative by Microwave apparatus.

The compostion of the oils from flower and leaf of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch were collected during the flowering priod from 15 km away from Esfhan on alt. 1650 m. in July 2003. The essential oils were obtained by different methods of distillation (steam distillation and hydrodistillation), the percentage of oils for flower were 0/17% and 0.25% respectively, and calculated on the dry weight, and analysis by GC and GC/MS. The major constituents determined by hydrodistillation method in flower were p–cymene (33.3%), terpinolene (11.2%) and a-thujene (10.9%) and by steam distillation method in flower were p – cymene (22.1%), germacrene B (11%) and terpinolene (9.8%), respectively.