جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی » در نشریات گروه « زیست شناسی »

Plum and prune are important temperate fruits, which have wide varieties of sizes and colors prized both for its exquisite fresh fruit flavor and in the fruitprocessing industry. Their fruits are rich source of minerals, vitamins, sugars and organic acids in addition to antioxidants. This research was conducted to evaluate the morphological and pomological characteristics of four cultivars of Japanese plum (P. salicina Lindl.) and prune (P. cerasifera Ehrh.) during 2020 in Karaj. According to the UPOV (International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants) description, trees of Shablon had a semi-upright growth habit and Shiro, Mariana Inra and Seif-e-Dirras cultivars had an upright growth habit. The fruit of Shablon was also oblate and the other three cultivars were circular. The over color of fruit skin varied from yellow-orange (Shiro) to red (Seif-e-Dirras) and the color of fruit flesh was yellow (Shiro and Shablon) or orange (Mariana Inra and Seif-e-Dirras). Pomological results showed that Shiro and Mariana Inra had the highest and lowest yield (39.8 and 18.6 kg/tree) and number of fruits (1617.9 and 598.4 fruits/tree), respectively. Shablon and Mariana Inra had the highest fruit weight (32.2 and 31.0 g, respectively) and Mariana Inra had the longest fruit length (37.1 mm), while the lowest values of these traits were related to Seife- Dirras. The highest and lowest total soluble solids (TSS) were also obtained with Seif-e-Dirras (17.9) and Shiro (14.1). Tree yield had a positive correlation with the number of fruits/tree and total acidity (TA) and a significant negative correlation with total soluble solids and taste index (TSS/TA). Fruit weight and length also showed a positive correlation with leaf dimensions and a significant negative correlation with the number of fruits/tree and total soluble solids. In general, each of the cultivars are different from each other in terms of some characteristics and can be used for fresh consumption (Mariana Inra), juicing (Shiro) or drying (Seif-e- Dirras).

Plum flesh browning is one of the most important disorders in Golestan. This research is aimed to evaluate the effects of climatic conditions on this disorder and other physiochemical traits of the fruit. The evaluation was done using a randomized complete block in a nested design with three replications. The influence of different regions (Azad Shahr, Bandar Gaz, Ghonbad, and AghGhala) on total fruit number, yield, and the percentage of disorder were significant. Results demonstrated that the most fruit number and yield belonged to Bandar Gaz while Azad Shahr had the lowest levels of these attributes. In addition, the highest disorder percentage was registered in Bandar Gaz, whereas no disorder was observed in Ghonbad and Agh Ghala. Data analysis in infected regions (Azad Ahahr and Bandar Gaz) revealed that region had a significant effect on some physical traits of fruits. Furthermore, the effect of type of fruit in region was significant on all chemical traits. Comparison of means showed that the highest fruit length, fruit diameter, stone weight, and stone length belonged to normal fruits of Azad Shahr. The highest soluble solid content was recorded in normal fruits of southwestern Bandar Gaz and the lowest soluble solid content was seen in normal fruits of northwestern Azad Shahr. Physical traits of fruits (weight, length, diameter, and the ratio of length to diameter) showed a significant correlation with physical traits of stone (length, diameter, the ratio of length to diameter, and stone thickness), and the weight of fruit flesh. Among physical traits, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, stone width, and stone thickness, and among chemical traits only total acidity had a significant relationship with pH.

Because of the importance of identifying the native genotypes and selecting the appropriate cultivars for successful development of olive tree cultivation, the present study was conducted to evaluate the selected oil and table genotypes compatible with climatic conditions of Gorgan. The experiment was done in a completely randomized design with three replications on 24 genotypes in Hashemabad complex in Golestan province. The maturity index of fruit was measured according to a method suggested by International Olive Oil Council and the percentage of oil was determined using a soxhlet method. Six genotypes with higher percentage of oil were selected and the physicochemical properties of the oil and the percentage of fatty acids were determined. Results showed that the highest and lowest fruit weights were observed in genotypes I7 and E6, respectively. The highest percentage of fruit flesh was observed in I7. E11 and D5 had the highest percentages of oil in dry and fresh matter. The lowest acidity was observed in B7 and the lowest peroxide was seen in E11. Genotypes F1 and E11 had the highest oil phenolic compounds. A10 showed the highest amounts of chlorophylls and carotenoids. F9 had the lowest indexes of K232 and K270 and following that A10 had the lowest index of K270. The highest percentage of oleic acid and the lowest percentage of linoleic acid were observed in A10. Genotype B7 had the lowest percentage of palmitic acid. Due to fruit weight, percentage of flesh and fruit sphericity, eight table genotypes were selected for further study. Among the selected table genotypes, genotype I7 had the highest levels of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, antioxidants, and anthocyanin. According to the results, the best oil genotypes were A10 and E11, the best table genotype was I7 and the best dual-purpose genotypes were F10 and B7.