جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "شناسایی" در نشریات گروه "زیست شناسی"

Continuous environmental monitoring is one of the important principles of management and is environmental assessment axis, and molluscs are one of the biological indicators of ecosystem quality. For this purpose, snails and slugs were collected and identified in the east of Tehran province which during it according to the availability, habitat diversity and geomorphological differences in more than 3251 samples from five microclimates were collected and identified. Specimens were gathered by hand, sweeping net and other techniques from aquatic plants, rotten underwood, shrubs and weeds, their geograical and regional properties were recorded and transfered to laboratory. Then through available morphological identification keys, specimens were identified as 19 species belonging to 13 genera and 10 families based on morphometric characteristics, including (shape and size of operculum, aperture, dextral or sinistral profile of their shell, pneumostome, keel, radula, renal ridge and reproduction system) and the comparison of photos and the identification key of these taxons were prepared and discussed:Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758), Physella acuta (Draparnaud,1805), Lymnaea truncatula (Müller, 1774), , Lymnaea palusris (Müller, 1774) , Lymnaea pereger (Müller, 1774) , Lymnaea gedrosiana (Annandale and Prashad, 1919), Planorbis planorbis (Linnaeus, 1758), Gyraulus euphraticus(Mousson, 1874), Gyraulus convexiusculus (Hutton, 1849), Succinea putris (Linnaeus, 1758), Helicella krynickii (Krynicki, 1833), Helicella derbentina(Krynicki, 1836), Caucasotachea atrolabiata (Krynicki, 1833), * Monacha cartusiana (Müller, 1774), Oxychilus herzi (Boettger, 1889), Agriolimax agrestis=Deroceras reticulatum (Müller, 1774), *Theba pisana (Müller, 1774), Parmacella ibera Eichwald, 1841, Planorbis carinatus Müller, 1774. Two species marked with an asterisk are new records for Iranian mollusc fauna. In this study, among the samples collected, the largest families in terms of species diversity are Planorbidae with four species (Planorbis planorbis, Gyraulus euphraticus, Gyraulus convexiusculus, Planorbis carinatus), Lymnaeidae with four species (Lymnaea truncatula, Lymnaea gedrosiana, Lymnaea palustris, Lymnaea pereger) and Helicidae with four species: Helicella krynickii, Helicella derbentina, Caucasotachea atrolabiata, Theba pisana. The highest and lowest species diversity among the identified species with 18 and 5 species are related to stations 4 and 5 of the investigated areas respectively. The whole collection will be kept permanently in the Zoology Museum of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection.

New technologies in determining the gender of eggs will greatly help to end the extermination of male chickens, which will save a lot in the poultry industry. These technologies are so valuable and important that many companies and research centers are willing to make large investments to progress in this field. Today, two invasive and non-invasive methods are used to determine the gender of the egg. Invasive diagnostic methods often lead to a decrease in the viability of samples, while non-invasive methods with high accuracy and viability of samples have created a great development capability among researchers. In other words, invasive diagnostic methods determine the gender of the embryos inside the egg with a high percentage, but it can endanger the continuation of the hatching process and jeopardize food safety. However, the use of non-invasive methods in line with industrial use has priority due to the fact that there is no danger to the chick embryo in the process of sex determination. In this review study, while examining the importance of gender determination during hatching for the poultry industry, an attempt has been made to examine and compare all the new technologies used to determine gender in the egg-laying and hatching stages and compare its advantages and disadvantages.

This study aimed to identify the gastropod fauna in the intertidal areas of Kharg Island by differentiating the families Trochidae, Planaxidae, Turbinidae, and Muricidae using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Gastropod sampling was conducted at five stations in the intertidal zones of Kharg Island (depths less than 1 meter) during the spring and winter of 2015. The samples were frozen and transported to the laboratory. Following a morphometric study, the organic matter in the oral cavity of the gastropods was digested, and their radulae were isolated and prepared for SEM analysis. Five species were identified in this research: Trochus firmus, Trochus erithreus (Trochidae), Turbo radiatus (Turbinidae), Planaxis sulcatus (Planaxidae), and Thais savignyi (Muricidae). The radula types were ripidoglossan in Trochus firmus, Trochus erithreus, and Turbo radiatus; taenioglossan in Planaxis sulcatus; and stenoglossan in Thais savignyi. The radulae of these gastropods differed in the shape of their central, lateral, and marginal teeth. Therefore, the evaluation of radulae using a scanning electron microscope is an effective method for more precise identification of gastropods.

Molluscs are important pests of natural and agricultural ecosystems, by feeding on different parts of leaves, stems, flowers, buds, fruits and roots of different plant hosts, reducing the marketability of annual agricultural products and damage plant species in different habitats in the country. Moreover, they are intermediate hosts of human and cattle parasites, and therefore are of medicinal and veterinary importance. In this study, snails and slugs were sampled from nine designated stations located in the south and west regions of Tehran province, considering their natural condition, vegetation, location of gardens and fields, soil or subsoil types, from the beneath of rocks and trunks, water bodies and other areas related to the habitat of snails and slugs. Samples were made using sampling nets or gathered directly by hand from plants, shrubs and river banks. Overally, 17 species belonging to 12 genera from nine families were collected and identified. Identification was done according to morphometric characters including shape, size of shell, dextral and sinistral position of the shell, operculum, aperture, radula, mucus colour, respiratory pore, keel, renal ridge and reproduction system. The highest and lowest mollusc species diversity among the stations studied were turned to be 16 and 6 species belong to station 9 (west of Tehran province) and station 2 (south of Tehran province), respectively. The most commonly diversed family was Hellicidae with 5 species, i.e., Monacha cantiana, Euomphalia pisiformis, Helicella krynickii, Helicella derbentina, Caucasotachea atrolabiata. Also, Lymnaea truncatula is identified as the most frequent species, which has medical importance. Monacha cantiana was identified in the present study and reported for the first time from Iran. All the samples and their respective spatial and temporal information were made available in the museum of the Agricultural Zoology Research Department in Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection.

Organic meat products are well known for their probiotic values due to the presence of probiotic lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Lactococcus, and Pediococcus strains. The present study aimed to isolate and characterize new strains of lactic acid bacteria (LABs) from organic meat sausages and evaluate their antimicrobial activities.

In this study, LAB strains were isolated from vacuum-packed organic meat sausages bought from Solico Group Co Ltd. (Tehran, Iran). All isolates were characterized by morphological, biochemical, and 16S rRNA analysis. The primary antibacterial activity of the isolates was evaluated against Micrococcus luteus PTCC 1408. The growth kinetics and antimicrobial activity of the strain MN-B against Lactobacillus casei ATCC 39392 were determined in an MRS broth medium. In addition, a bacteriocin produced by the strains MN-B revealed antimicrobial activity against selected foodborne pathogens. Bacteriocin produced by the MN-B strain was partially purified using the adsorption-desorption method followed by dialyzes.

In this study, two Pediococcus spp. and three Leuconostoc spp. with antimicrobial activity were isolated from vacuum-packed organic meat sausages and designated as MN-A, MN-B, MN-A2, MN-A2-1, and MN-A3. The results showed that the isolate MN-A and MN-B belonged to the strain Pediococcus acidilactici and the MN-A2, MN-A2-1, and MN-A3 isolates were identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides strains. Amongst the isolates, the strain MN-B showed the highest antimicrobial activity against the Micrococcus luteus PTCC 1408. The molecular weight of bacteriocin was about 5.0 KDa.

Pediococcus acidilactici (strain MN-B) showed significant antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium PTCC 1709, Staphylococcus aureus PTCC 1113, Listeria monocytogenes PTCC1302, and Listeria inovani PTCC 1303. Therefore, this strain can be considered a potential candidate in different sectors such as the food industry as a preservative.

In this research, taxonomic study and species identification in the gnus Pontella, collected from five stations during an annual period at coastal/estuarine northern waters of Bushehr were done, and two congeneric species in the genus of Pontella Dana, 1846 including Pontella danae var. ceylonica and Pontella investigatoris were first identified/described from Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Also Pontella danae var. ceylonica was recognized on the basis of female specimens, and Pontella investigatoris was known on the basis of male specimens, and a co-occurrence of one male (P investigatoris ) and 2 female at the most samples was accounted. Based on the result of dbRDA, the most important and effective environmental parameters on dispersion pattern of P. investigatoris were salinity and depth, and the most important and effective environmental parameters on dispersion pattern of P. danae var. ceylonica were depth, salinity, transparency depth, respectively. Consequently the results of this study demonstrated that two congeneric identified species are marine, have a tendency to offshore waters.

Today, climate issues threaten the security of the world. Security that is necessary and vital in all fields and for all human beings. Therefore, the ultimate goal of this study is to identify the important and effective factors of climate change in Iran's national security in order to identify and categorize these factors to provide the basis for future measures. The present research is applied in terms of method, descriptive-analytical and exploratory (due to the nature of identifying factors) and in terms of the purpose of doing it. The research data was collected by 10 experts using the snowball method and structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) and MICMAC analysis methods were used to analyze them. According to the research findings, among the first 18 factors of climate change affecting international security were identified, 13 of them are considered more related to national security by experts, and among them, 4 factors are temperature increase, decrease in rainfall, drought and drought. The emergence of water resources with high penetration power and low dependence were identified as key factors affecting Iran's security. These factors act as the structural cornerstone of the system and in order to fundamentally change the performance of the system, they must be emphasized in the first place. In emphasizing these factors, one should not neglect other factors. Because climatic factors are interconnected in a chain and a lack of attention to this issue can lead to other climatic damage and threaten internal and external security.

Some investigations have been performed on scorpions of Iran. No study has been carried out on some area of Iran. Some researchers reported several species of scorpions of Iran(Vachon ,1966,Farzanpay 1988). To obtain the scorpions, we used crower bar and wood to move the heavy materials like stone, clod, and other things. In the present investigation scorpions were collected from different parts of Andimeshk. To identify and study morphological characters specimens, stereo microscope Olympus Lica 2000, was used. In this investigation several scorpions including genera and species belonged to two families Buthidae and Hemiscorpiidae were studied. From family Buthidae,these species, including Compsobuthus matthisseni , Mesobuthus eupeus, Hottentotta saulcyi, Androctonus crassicauda, Razianus zarudnyi, Odentobuths bidentatus, Orthochirus scrobiculosus , and from family Hemiscorpiidae, species Hemiscorpius leptorus were studied.In taxonomy scorpions are order of Arthropoda phylum , belonged to invertebrata animals . Andimeshk district is a warm region and scorpions sting, usually occurs in this area. So we studied the venom species in the mentioned region

The identification of Anura amphibians species in the southeastern cities of Tehran province was examined through histological studies. 4 main stations (i.e. Pakdasht, Varamin, Qarchak, Pishva) were selected in the southeast of Tehran province. Then, 24 samples specimens were preserved at 10% formalin solution and transferred to the laboratory for histological studies. Studies have shown that in one group of samples (Green Toad, Pseudepidalea (Bufo) viridis) there were toxin-producing glands. In this group, the 3-layer epithelium and below it the chromatophores were quite visible. Beneath them were large glands that produce toxins, followed by connective tissue and then striped muscles. In a group of amphibians (Marsh frog, Pelophylax (Rana) ridibunda) collected, a 4-layer epithelium was observed that divided itself into two subgroups: some with mucosal secretory glands and some without mucosal glands, but in the latter two groups, chromatophores, connective tissue, striped muscles and cartilage were seen. Another group of amphibians found that the epithelium was three-layered but had no venom-producing glands or no mucosal glands, but two features were seen in histological observations, such as some with cartilage and some without cartilage. The results of histological studies showed that in addition to morphological, morphological and genetic studies, histological studies can be used to identify of Anura. These differences indicate the possibility of polymorphism in the Marsh frog species.

With progress in science, new technologies open a window to answer the questions. Besides biological, serological and molecular methods, Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is one of the methods that changed our understanding of plant viruses, especially in the areas of identification, genome and transcriptome sequencing, evolution, taxonomy and quarantine programs. Recent methods make it possible to detect and identify all known and unknown viruses in a plant without the need for prior knowledge of the pathogen by the identify of total viral content and transcriptome of plant samples in healthy and disease conditions whearse ther are problems such as storage and analysis and interpretation of a large amount of data produced. Increases in the speed of detection of new viruses, viroids and hosts can prevent entering new viruses and viroids from foreign countries. More accurate and faster identification of plant viruses and their full effects on different hosts is one of the most important steps in disease management. In this article, we will review the applications of NGS in the diagnosis and detection of viruses, identification of diseases of unknown etiology and the study of host-pathogen interactions.

The use of medicinal and aromatic herbs in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, sanitary and food industries is related to the quantitative and qualitative identification of the compounds in them. Identification and investigation of botanical and phytochemical of the plants is the first step in order to use them. Artemisia absinthium L. belongs to the Asteraceae family and has been used as customary herbal medicine for the treatment of gastric and cardiac stimulation, improvement of memory and for restoration of mental function. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical analysis of an extract of a species of Iranian Artemisia called Afsantin from Ardabil province, from for the purpose of natural compound combinations. For this purpose, the aerial part of the plant was collected at the flowering stage from Namin area in Ardebil province, northwest of Iran in July 1394, and by extracted by maceration method in a mixture of three solvents: methanol : diethyl ether : hexane with a 1:1:1 ratio. Then, in order to separate the long chain hydrocarbons, the defatting procedure was performed, the obtained extract was loaded on the chromatographic column and evaluated for compound composition. After phytochemical investigations, a sesquiterpene from guaianolides family was identified and determined by using 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR and DEPT spectroscopy techniques. A crystalline solid with a molecular formula C15H18O2 was detected as a kind of guaianolide from A. absinthium.

Two specimens of Vallisneria denseserrulata from the southeastern part of the Seimareh River in the Iranian province of Ilam were documented as new records for the flora of Iran. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses of the specimens using DNA Sequence data from nuclear internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) and the plastid matK and trnK 5' intron gene regions revealed that the specimens are not conspecific with V. spiralis that has long been regarded to be the sole representative of the genus in Iran. Although their quite similar appearances do not preclude the possibility of the two siblings as being misidentified with each other, the fact that Vallisneria species are highly cultivated and traded commercially around the world, as well as its resolution within the clade containing the cultivated material of unknown provenance, left open the possibility of it being an escapee from cultivation which has established and naturalized in the region.

Bdellovibrio-and-like organisms (BALOs) are a group of predatory bacteria which invade other Gram-negative bacterial cells for growth. The bacteriolytic nature of Bdellovibrios make them one of the promising alternatives for conventional antibiotics. In this study, the isolation and molecular identification of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strain SOIR-1 was described. The antibiotic resistance pattern of some clinically isolated Gram-negative pathogens was determined, and the predatory potency of SOIR-1 toward them was evaluated.

Double-layer agar technique, transmission electron microscopy, and PCR targeting the Bdellovibrios-specific hit locus were used for the isolation, morphological investigation, and molecular identification of SOIR-1, respectively. Following the antibiotic resistance profile determination of clinical isolates, the bacteriolytic activity of SOIR-1 against them was evaluated through the plaque formation assay and lysis analysis in the broth co-cultures.

SOIR-1 was identified as a strain of Bdellovibrios bacteriovorus through the transmission electron microscopy examination and specific PCR detection. All clinical isolates showed the properties of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and typical Bdellovibrios plaques were developed on their lawns of cells. The SOIR-1 had the highest and lowest predation efficiency among the clinical isolates toward Acinetobacter baumannii (84.33%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa-369 (55.16%), respectively.

This study highlights the great potential of SOIR-1 to prey and lyse XDR pathogens, regardless of their antimicrobial resistance state. So, B. bacteriovorus can be considered as a living antibiotic in the cases of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.

In the course of the survey of mollusk fauna associated with the Karaj River in Alborz province of Iran and the collections made in the period 2015-2016, the fauna of snails was investigated. Specimens were mainly collected and studied using conventional methods such as sampling nets and direct collection by hand from aquatic plants, rotten substrates, shrubs, and weeds along the river. A total of 19 species of snails were identified for the first time from the Karaj River in Alborz Province, which belonged to 11 genera from 8 families and based on morphometric characteristics (including shape, size of shell, the dextral and sinistral position of the shell, operculum, aperture, radula, mucus color, respiratory pore, keel, renal ridge, and reproduction system). The most and least distribution among the identified snail species were 15 and 7 species belonging to Stations 2 and 7 of the Karaj River, respectively. The most commonly-distributed family was Lymnaeidae with 4 species of Lymnaea truncatula, Lymnaea gedrosiana, Lymnaea palustris, and Lymnaea pereger. Also, among the identified species, Lymnaea truncatula was the most frequent and had medical applications in the transmission of parasitic diseases in humans and Lymnaea truncatula. Gyraulus chinensi species was reported for the first time from Iran. All samples along with all relevant spatial and temporal information are available in the Museum of Agricultural Zoology Research Department of the Iranian Plant Protection Research Institute.

Reducing fossil fuels, increasing fuel prices and carbon dioxide emissions, and concern about climate change are encouraging factors for biofuels production. Microbial biofuels are liquid and gaseous fuels which produced by microorganisms. Bioethanol is a suitable alternative biofuel for petroleum based fuels. For the industrial and high-scale production of bioethanol, the first step is isolation of suitable yeast strain with high tolerance to ethanol and high-level ethanol production. Hence, the aim of this study was Isolation of industrial strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae with high tolerance to ethanol from Iran's alcohol manufactures. Sampling from several Iran's alcohol manufactures was carried out for the isolation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the highest ethanol production and tolerance. Selected yeast strain was examined by morphological, biochemical tests such as sugars fermentation, absorption of nitrogen compounds and carbon compounds, and also molecular test. The selected yeast strain produced 8% ethanol and tolerated 12% ethanol. The morphological, biochemical and molecular tests confirmed that the yeast strain is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and this strain was named Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sahand 101. The isolated industrial yeast strain with the suitable characteristics in terms of ethanol production and tolerance to ethanol can be used for further studies and increase ethanol production by optimization methods at the level of flask and bioreactor.

The fauna of Jajrood snails in the province of Tehran during the years 2015-2016 was investigated. A total of 23 species of snails were identified for the first time in the Jajrood River of Tehran province, belonging to 17 genera from 19 families, and based on morphometric characteristics (shape, size, patterns on oysters, aperculus, oysters, rectangular or leftover) The presence of oysters, the location of the respiratory hole, median back, mucus and its color, body size, radula, kidney line and reproductive system were identified. The highest and lowest species diversity among the identified snails is with 14 and 8 species, respectively, from stations 2 and 6 from Jajrood River, 36 km from each other. The largest family in terms of family diversity Cochlicella acuta, Euomphalia pisiformis, Helicella krynickii, Helix lucorum lnnaeus, Helicella derbentina, Euomphalia ravergieri, Caucasotachea atrolabiata, Levantina dschulfensis. Also, Lymnaea truncatula is identified as the most frequent and has medical importance. Limax maculates and Arion ater species are reported for the first time from Iran.

This study was directed in the four stations of the coast of Noor, Mahmoudabad and Royan cities (Mazandaran Province) located in the coast of the Caspian Sea for identification and determine some ecological factors of crab Rhithropanopeus harrrissi. Samples of each station were fixed and transported to the laboratory and were identified at the species level. The 192 collected samples were found to be Rhithropanopeus harrrissi in the laboratory analysis. In order to verifying the species, our samples compare with the metatypical crab samples in the Zoological Museum, University of Tehran. Also in this species, morphological features, sex ratio, abundance and distribution were analysis. The one ways ANOVA with LSD test showed a significant difference (p

Foodborne illnesses associated with pathogens, toxins, and other contaminants pose serious threat to human health. Conventional detection methods for bacterial pathogens and toxins are time consuming and laborious, requiring certain sophisticated instruments and trained personnel. Nanomaterials including metal oxide and metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and other nano-based materials are gaining a prominent role in the design of sensors and biosensors for food analysis. In this review, various nanomaterial-based sensors reported in the literature for detection of several foodborne bacterial pathogens and toxins are summarized highlighting their principles, advantages, and limitations in terms of simplicity, sensitivity, and multiplex detection capability.