جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "هزینه های خارجی" در نشریات گروه "زیست شناسی"

The subject of air pollution has become important since the emergence of industrial societies. Based on statistics provided by the spokesman of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education on December 8, 2017, in Iran, due to air pollution, 2.48 percent of gross national product is wasted. Also, the amount of damage caused to the national economy caused by air pollution is 34 trillion tomans. Annually, $ 25 billion of the world's economy becomes smoke and goes to the air, due to air pollution. Meanwhile, metropolitan areas have a very significant contribution to this damage. According to the Economic Welfare Theory, any costs that are incurred in society must be paid by the causing factors. Today, in most countries in the world, external costs are estimated and included in the pricing calculations. Therefore, it is important to calculate the external costs of air pollution in codification of an appropriate management approach. For this purpose, the aim of this research is to consider an economic, engineering and management approach to external costs caused by the emission of PM, NOx, SO2, CO pollutants in order to plan and provide targeted solutions for reducing air pollution in Karaj.