جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "چابهار" در نشریات گروه "زیست شناسی"

 The Indian Ocean has come to the attention of major global and regional powers in recent years due to its geopolitical position, strategic straits and waterways, its transport role, and its strategic and economic importance. On the other hand, in order to become a world power, China seeks an active presence in the open waters and strategic ports of the world. The country is implementing a plan to revitalize the Silk Road as a one-way belt initiative, which has various strategic, geopolitical, political, economic and security dimensions. This project has two routes, sea and sea. The project's sea route, called the 21st Century Sea Silk Road, connects to the port of Venice in Europe after crossing the Indian Ocean. Another emerging regional power is India, which is seeking to increase its geopolitical influence in the subcontinent. This descriptive-analytical study examines the strategic and geopolitical rivalry of the "One Belt One Way Belt Project" in the Indian Ocean.

The research method of this research is descriptive-analytical. It is descriptive because it examines the current situation and systematically and systematically describes the current situation of the research subject. It is based on this analysis that in addition to stating the current situation, the reasons for how and why the situation and its dimensions are explained and the strategic and geopolitical competition of the China Ring Road project in the Indian Ocean has been analyzed. The method of collecting information is library and using articles, books, documents and Internet resources is valids.

China and India are both emerging powers in the international system. Although there are different and sometimes contradictory views on the degree of stability and strength of each of them, there can be no doubt that both countries are economically world-class and their continuous economic growth is itself a new condition of behavior. Brings political and strategic. India, on the other hand, will become the world's fourth largest economy in the next few years and will be forced to import energy, 90 percent of which will pass through the Strait of Hormuz. Economic conditions and reliance on the Indian Ocean have led both countries to strengthen their military and naval forces in the Indian Ocean. India has paid close attention to the navy over the past decade and is currently one of the world's largest navies with 155 warships. China is also present in eastern and western India, building a network of naval bases and centers in neighboring countries, from Pakistan to Myanmar. China and India are monitoring each other alongside maritime protection of their economic interests, which are heavily dependent on the Indian Ocean, and there is a slow rivalry between the two, including the Sino-Pakistani alliance against India. In this regard, it is clear that the Sino-Pakistani alliance is a strategic concern for India. In recent years, within the framework of this coalition, China has found an increasing presence in the port of Gwadar. In fact, this port is one of the important areas of the country's presence in the Indian Ocean, and many, especially in India, have talked about the possibility of establishing a Chen military base in this port. However, in the current context, as it is very provocative for India and the United States, it is unlikely that this action will be taken openly by China. In any case, Gwadar is a strategic lever at China's disposal that it can use against India in critical situations. India is also quite concerned about the cooperation between China and Pakistan and is trying to use the Iranian port of Chabahar as a trump card against China.

China is achieving its long-held dream of becoming a world power, and China's success will push the development model out of the monopoly of the West, and another power emerging in the Indian Ocean in the 21st century is India. There are differing views on Sino-Indian relations. Some believe that the deep and long-lasting geopolitical rivalry has shaped relations between the two countries for many years, and that the source of these rivalries is the lands and people that are around or between the two countries. Some have gone so far as to believe that India and China will become dangerous rivals in the near future. Some also believe that any drastic progress in India-China relations is unlikely and that relations between the two will remain competitive, and that despite the deep differences between India and China, the two sides must avoid the escalation of tensions into a public rivalry. To take. But in the meantime, trans-regional actors such as the United States are influencing China-India relations and trying to somehow manage the current developments in the Indian Ocean. The Islamic Republic of Iran, as an Asian country, due to its geopolitical position, is bound to have good relations with Asian countries and powers, and with a brief look at the history of Iran's relations with Asian countries, it can be seen that relations with these countries are always in different dimensions. It has been established at an appropriate level, although at times, due to the political conditions and developments in the region, these relations have had ups and downs. In this regard, the geopolitical position and capabilities of Iran (Chabahar) will have a good ground in various dimensions to influence the relations between India and China and, consequently, the developments in the Indian Ocean. Thus, Iran's role in the power relations between India and China can enhance the understanding of the future international system and facilitate knowledge of future developments in the Indian Ocean for decision-making. Gwadar Port not only as a port Important for Pakistan, but also a port where merchant ships, warships and even Chinese submarines can be stationed. And given that the port is located east of the Strait of Hormuz, Western countries have become very sensitive to this issue, and this is one of the main reasons for Western pressure on Pakistan. The Chinese have signed a $ 5 billion contract in the port of Salameh and Qawin to support the port in eastern Oman. In 2018, the United States of America also signed a contract with Oman in these ports under the pressure of Oman. The Omani, who initially resisted the negotiations, eventually agreed to the deal. China then invested $ 1,900 in the port of Hambantota, which could effectively control both the center and south of the Indian Ocean. Chabahar port, the development contract of which has been signed between Iran and India and is to be developed by this country, and this country is the main axis of its development, is 70 km away from Gwadar port, and these two ports have a common geography and common culture. have. One of these ports, Chabahar, wants to be developed by India, which is an ally of the West, and the port of Gwadar, which is opposed by China, which is opposed by the West, has to some extent followed this path. Under these circumstances, a geopolitical competition will be created in the future, and due to lack of maturity and without examining Iran's geopolitical analysis of issues and concluding a contract with India for the development of Chabahar, not much work has been done by India in this regard. In particular, it is propagandizing that this propaganda has made Pakistan very sensitive because Pakistan opposes the development of the port of Chabahar by its rival, India. On the other hand, it has infiltrated Afghanistan from the north and its government agencies, which is Pakistan's strategic depth. On the other hand, India is located in the east of Lahore, India, and finally in the west of Pakistan, the Indians are active. The Islamic Republic of Iran must act in such a way that the port of Chabahar, as an axis in the bed of the "One Belt - One Way" project, moves in the same way and like the port of Gwadar, and has no other way. And in fact, allow China to be active in this field, and in fact, these two should be considered as a project, and if there are two projects, one is India and the other is China, we will not succeed. On the other hand, due to India's internal problems, the country does not have the capacity to invest in the port of Chabahar because India is not ready to invest abroad. Therefore, the Islamic Republic of Iran must develop Chabahar in the southeast of the country with the help of the Chinese, and this does not mean that India or other countries are not allowed to cooperate. On the other hand, China is ready to create the bed and infrastructure for development in the port. It has Chabahar.

In this study, the Scallop bivalves were used for biofiltration of wastewater in shrimp farms during spring 2018 from Guowater Bay. Sedimentation, biological and aeration ponds were prepared for biofiltration around the main pool, then, oyster bivalves were collected from natural environment (sea) and were placed in these pools. Concentration of quality parameters were investigated in four sampling stations including station 1 (sea water), station 2 (inlet water), station 3 (outlet waste) from main pond, and station 4 (water sampled before entering the sea). The results showed that the concentration of parameters were significantly higher in the outlet waste of main pond (station 3) than the other stations (P<0.05). The results of the correlation test showed there was significant negative correlation between biofiltration ratio and quality parameters, so that concentrations of parameters were decreased with increasing in filtration rate. The concentration of nitrate, phosphate, turbidity, EC, TDS and dissolved oxygen were 0.67, 1.52, 22.36, 39.78, 20.21 and 9.49 mg/l in main pond, and 0.56, 0.79, 16.81, 38.68, 16.45 and 12 mg/l after biofiltration, respectively. The results showed that there were significant differences between parameters before and after biofiltration. There were significant differences in the biofiltration rate between the different time intervals (P<0.05), so that the highest and lowest filtration rates were observed in the fifth and first day, respectively. The rate of 20, 48, 27, 22 and 2.5 % of nitrate, phosphate, turbidity, TDS and EC were removed from wastewater during biofiltration process. Therefore, the Scallop bivalve has a high ability for biofiltration of wastewater in shrimp farms that can be used as a good indicator for biofiltration of fish and shrimp farms.

In this study, sea stars Aquilonastra watersi and Patiriella paradoxa were collected from the rocky intertidal area in Tis Port on the western coast.and the rocky shallows depths of 7-8m at Konarak on the Iranian eastern coast of Chabahar Bay, respectively in November 2014. Specimens were collected in plastic sampling boxes containing seawater and transferred to the laboratory of Chabahar Maritime University. The specimens were morphologically assessed. Then in order to examine gene sequences, DNA was extracted by CTAB method and after performing PCR, mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene was sequenced. The phylogenetic-trees for these species were drawn by Maximum Likelihood methods. The evaluations of results showed that despite differences in morphology, A. watersi is sister group of Aquilonastra. Batheri. Based on the results P. paradoxa from present study andP. regularis are in a monophyletic clade, supported by high bootstrap.

Tropical cyclones develop over oceans as low pressure phenomena. They could be developed further when the conditions are met and cause storm surge. The devastating consequences of these storms in coastal areas reveal the importance of investigation on such subjects. In this research therefore, the variation in the height of water level due to the Ashobaa cyclone has been studies using Flow module of the MIKE 21 software. The study has been conducted at two stations; one near the port of Bushehr and another near the port of Chabahar. The model first was calibrated and validated using field data. After the model validation, two simulations were carried out; one with and one without the effect of Ashooba cyclone. Positive storm surge was observed due to the Ashobaa cyclone in Chabahar station (about 50 cm). The effect of the storm was negligible in Bushehr water level. It was also observed that the storm affected the current speed and direction in Chabahar station. Such an effect was not observed in Bushehr station.

In this research, a part of flora of Remin and Beris in Chabahar (South East Baluchestan) with an area of 17155 Hectars, with altitude of 10 m above of the sea level, and with annual average of 124.7 mm precipitation was investigated. Plant specimens were collected and determined according to scientific procedures. A checklist of all species, including life forms, chorology and conservation status was presented. Fifty six species belonging to 46 genera and 22 families of vascular plants were recognized in the region. Poaceae with 7 species, Chenopodiaceae, Fabaceae and Boraginaceae each with 6 species, and Malvaceae with 5 species are the largest families of this region flora. The largest genera were Abutilon, Heliotropium, Cyperus, Acacia, Tephrosia, and Cenchrus each with 4, 3, 3, 2, 2 species, respectively. The frequency of Chamaephytes, Therophytes and Phanerophytes were %30.4, 17.8% and 26.8%, respectively. The presense of 46.4% Sahara-Syndian, 30.4% Sahara-Syndian and Irano-Turanian and 26.8% tropical shrubs indicates the vegetation of this region as "Extremely xeromorphic woodlands (Pseudosavannas) formation".

Feeding habits of the blue swimming crab, Portunus segnis were studied in the coastal waters of Chabahar (Oman Sea) during the period from January 2015 to June 2015. The stomach contents of 623 crabs (included 138 males and 125 females) were analyzed. Their contents appeared to consist of mainly large quantities fish (48.2 %), crustaceans (19 %) and molluscs (15.7 %), also small quantities of seagrass (3.3 %), mixed matter (8.8 %), unidentifiable matter (5 %) and debris. The C.V. index was 44.8 %, also the crabs in the warm season most voracious (CV=38.9 %) than in cold season (CV=51.1 %). The crabs without barnacle comparatively voracious with barnacle-carrying crabs (p<0.05). There was no difference observed in the quantity of the food consumed in both sexes and also significant differences observed in the preference for food items in the different size groups. Based on the major food items were observed in different size groups, the crustaceans, fish, and molluscs were the most dominant in juvenile crabs and the fish items were the most dominant (with 62 %) in adult and larger size groups crabs.

Microalgae as a source of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, pigments, pharmaceutical and food metabolites, has received more focus by biological researchers at last decades. The amount and composition of fatty acids produced by microalgae depended on biomass production and environmental factors such as changes in salinity, light and nutrient availability. In this study, the green microalgae Dunaliella bardawil isolated from Chabahar Bay was cultured under different salinities (35, 70 and 105 g/L) using Conway medium. All treatments with air pump at 25±2 ° C and 12L: 12D (h) photoperiod and aerated. Effect of different salinity on the growth rate, lipid production and fatty acid composition of algal biomass were examined. ANOVA results showed that the highest growth rate and lipid content in the salinity of 70 g/L was obtained which are 933 and 206 milligrams per liter, respectively. Maximum and minimum lipid content of D. bardawil measured, 24.5 and 19 percent, at 105 and 35 ppt, respectively. Due to reduced cell density in 105 grams of salt per liter of fat produced per unit volume decreased to 65mg/L. The results show that D. bardawil purification from Chabahar Bay with degree unsaturation between 95-73 has great potential for biodiesel production.

Aim and Charybdis hellerii is a well-known species in the Indian Ocean. There are many molecular researches on this species all over the word. Molecular researches on Iranian water crabs are very scarce; however there are several comprehensive morphological studies. In this paper, for the first time, phylogeny of Charybdis hellerii from Iranian waters are studied. Specimens were collected in 2013 from sandy sediments of shallow-waters in Chabahar Bay at full tide. Collections were transported to the laboratory and preserved in -20 degrees. The gill tissue was used for DNA extraction. The Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method was used to extract DNA. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was then carried out. The sequencing alignments were conducted and phylogenic tree was obtained. The crab sample was identified as Charybdis hellerii by morphological analysis confirmed by molecular analysis. Nucleotides sequence of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene was analyzed. The phylogenetic analysis was conducted and found that the Iranian species with other Charybdis hellerii are in a clade and support with 94% bootstrap. The maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analysis showed that the Iranian species is in the Eubrachyura clad and with 94% bootstrap support is a sister group Charybdis hellerii. The molecular results were also confirmed by morphological features.

This study focused on Zarabad، Cheraghabad and Nogombecom plants of sub-basin watershed city of Chabahar، Iran. The studied flora included 78 species which belonged to 66 genera and 29 families. Poaceae with 16 genera and 19 species، Asteraceae with 7 genera and 8 species، Chenopodiaceae with 5 genera and 4 species، Papilionaceae، with 5 genera and 6 species، constituted the largest plant families respectively. The largest genera of the region were: Salsola، Heliotropium and Plantago، respectively. 42% of the flora belonged to Nobo-Sindian elements، 35%to Irano-Turanian، 18%were bioregional elements and 5% of the species were cosmopolitan. Flora of the studied area، included therophytes (56%)، chamaephytes (15%)، phanerophytes (14%)، geophytes (12%) and hemicryptophytes (3%).

Nowadays، with the huge amount of data generated daily on oceanography parameters and development of marine data recording systems، new methods are required in order to process the available data in timely fashion. It is obvious that analysis of large data sets with the aim of distinguishing and interpreting patterns is not usually an easy task. When dealing with high volume processes، data mining is a practical method commonly considered by analysts to discover useful patterns among data sets effectively. Clustering is one of the popular data mining methods which are widely used in physical oceanography. In this research، a two-step algorithm is considered for clustering the stations in Chabahar Bay. A neural network is also used to investigate the influences of temperature and salinity on tempo-spatial distribution of Sigma-T. For this purpose، 11 networks are created in Clementine software (one for each month) and the results indicate an exception in November. The plotted contours in Surfer software confirm the data mining results.

Development of modern energies is one of the most important issues that all countries have focused on and have tried to find a new model in that respect. This study investigates various methods of estimating energies that are produced by wave and then it concludes that the best method is spectrum analysis using Fourier analysis. Using available data of year 1998 in Chabahar and applying a program which is produced in MATLAB environment, rate of producible energy in year 1998 is equal to 6.9 Kwh/m² and producible power of waves has been estimated to be 3.9 Kw/m² with the lowest rate of energy observed in winter and the highest rate of wave energy in summer. Probable cause of this phenomenon could be seasonal winds that blow in summer. According to the flowmetry report done by Ports and Maritime Organization in Chabahar, in Aw1 Station has divided its 9-meter distance below water surface into 7 cells, therefore, with considering 1×1m channels and assuming that flow in each channel has been changed steadily, tide flow energy has been estimated and average energy of Chabahar station has been obtained equal to 0.12 w/m² within two weeks. In the second way, using program written in MATLAB environment and calculating the surface under the chart, tide energy has been calculated equal to 0.19w/ m². According to the obtained results, producible energy of tidal current in Chabahar Gulf is very low and it is not economical.