جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ژن » در نشریات گروه « زیست شناسی »

In most countries today the area under cultivation of transgenic crops has increased due to the increasing population.In Iran, there is no system for labeling transgenic products.Although baby food is one of the most important needs for growth and health of the baby, it is no exception.Therefore, in this study,we try to identify the transgenic products by PCR by examining the internal control gene Lectin and Camv 35S Promoter gene transcriptome.25 soybean samples were collected from shops and Twenty-five samples of baby food were collected from pharmacies in Tehran. Samples were extracted with TLAB brand tissue extraction kit. After analyzing the concentration and quality of DNA extracted by the nanodrop machine, the samples were screened by PCR.25 soybean samples were analyzed for 23 of the total samples (%92) for the presence of Lectin internal gene and 15 samples from all samples (%63) had Camv 35S Promoter gene.Of the 25 samples of baby food, 20 (%83) were positive for the presence of the inner gene,Lectin positive, and 13 (%52) were positive for Camv 35S Promoter gene transformation index. None of the products containing Camv 35S Promoter gene, indicating that the product was transgenic, were not labeled.It can be concluded that the rate of transgenicity in the samples tested is significantly higher.In baby foods, the transgenicity rate of Camv 35S Promoter gene was higher in Iranian samples than in foreign samples. In soybean samples, Camv 35S Promoter gene was present in Iranian products, while none of the samples tested had transgenic label

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adding thistle extract to the basal diet on sperm motility and the relative expression of Catsper gene in the testes of older broilers due to the role of this gene in normal sperm motility. A total of 50 Ross 308 broiler roosters at 47 weeks of age were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10) and were daily feed with a basic diet containing different levels of Tribulus terrestris including: 1) 0 mg of Tribulus terrestris (control), 2) 5 mg of Tribulus terrestris (Kh-5mg), 3) 10 mg of Tribulus terrestris (Kh-10mg), 4 ) 15 mg of Tribulus terrestris (Kh-15mg), and 5) 20 mg of Tribulus terrestris (Kh-20mg) per kg of body weight for 13 weeks. All roosters were weekly sampled to assess motility of sperm. At the end of the experiment, in order to measure testosterone concentration and evaluate the expression of Catsper gene, seven roosters were randomly slaughtered from each treatment and their testes were sampled. Results showed that Tribulus terrestris feeding improved total sperm motility in Kh-5, Kh-10, Kh-15 and Kh-20 groups by about 6, 4, 3 and 5%, respectively, compared to the control group (P<0.05). Plasma testosterone concentrations were not statistically significant between treatments (P <0.05).  Relative expression of Catsper gene in roosters receiving 5 mg level of Tribulus terrestris tended to increase compared to the control group (P = 0.09); however, at doses of 10 and 15 mg of Tribulus terrestris extract showed a significant difference (P <0.05). But with a dose of 20 mg of thistle extract did not show a significant difference (P<0.05). In summary, in this study, feeding thistle extract at the level of 5 mg increased sperm motility and expression of Catsper gene (one of the genes responsible for sperm motility).

The genes controlling meiotic progression in plants and not affecting mitotic progression are most widely studied in maize Zea mays and cruciferous plant Arabidopsis thaliana. These include the genes controlling the differentiation of somatic cells into sporogenous ones and meiosis-initiating genes, genes encoding meiosis-specific proteins of chromosomes and synaptonemal complexes, genes of mediator proteins and enzymes of meiotic DNA recombination and crossover, and genes controlling meiosis-specific behavior of centromeres and the course of two meiotic divisions. A large number of such genes have been cloned and studied at the molecular level. The studies of meiotic genes in rice Oriza sativa are actively developing, while studies of corresponding genes in barley Hordeum vulgare, rye Secale cereale, tomato Solanum lycopersicum, and hexaploid wheat Triticum aestivum are less advanced. To identify meiotic genes, chemical and insertional mutagenesis, genetic and cytological analysis, genomic and proteomic studies, methods of reverse genetics, and bioinformatics are used.

CRISPR had been simply known as a prokaryotic DNA repeated element for several decades before it was recognized as the bacterial immune system and subsequently harnessed as a powerful reprogrammable gene-targeting tool. The CRISPR gene-editing technology is composed of an endonuclease protein (CRISPR-associated (Cas9 protein) whose DNA-targeting specificity and cutting activity can be programmed by a short guide RNA. During the gene editing process; HDR, NHEJ and base editing pathways are used as well. Among these three, nowadays more attention paid to base editing as it can edit epigenome without any cleavages. Overall, there are two classes of CRISPR systems; class I and class II. Notably, CRISPR still has several technical challenges. It may take a long time until we develop a‘super’CRISPR tool that shows excellent efficiency. This article describes the overall performance of the Crisper system, its limitations and how it is used.

Microorganisms are more important than other sources in dye production because microorganisms have advantages such as rapid growth, higher yields, and easier extraction. Natural pigments are healthier than chemical types and their use is useful in various industries. The aim of this study was to isolate and extract the pyocyanin pigment from Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in order to preparation of colored paper and candle.

In this study, sampling was performed from different hospital environments in order to isolate P. aeruginosa. Environmental isolates of P. aeruginosa were identified using morphological features and differential biochemical methods. Confirmatory identification was performed by tracing the pbo1 gene using colony PCR. After extracting pyocyanin pigment with chloroform, finally, the produced pyocyanin was used to prepare colored paper and candle and the optical stability of pyocyanin was investigated.

From 43 environmental samples collected, 15 isolates of P. aeruginosa were identified and confirmed by molecular method. The mean of optical absorption (OD520) of pyocyanin after extraction was 0.488. Staining of paper and candle with the extracted pyocyanin was successful and the optical stability of pyocyanin was favorable.

Due to the rapid growth of bacteria and the possibility of its mass production in a short time and based on the results of this study, bacterial pigments can be used in various industries, including paper industry, and replaced by chemical dyes.

The occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing bacteria is an important public health issue. The aim of this study was to investigate phenotypic and genotypic characteristics regarding the presence of extended spectrum β-lactamase ctx-m, per and ver producing Escherichia coli isolated from raw dairy samples. For this purpose, E. coli were isolated from 247 raw dairy samples (milk and cheese) in Yasooj in 2015-2017, and the isolates were screened for antibiotic resistance, extended spectrum β-lactamase and the presence of ctx-m, per and ver. In total, 200 isolates were selected. The highest frequency of resistance in isolates was against tetracycline (96.5%) and ampicillin (95.5%) antibiotics and the lowest against imipenem (12.5%), In addition, multidrug resistance against four or more antibiotics was observed in some isolates. Extended spectrum β-lactamase resistance was detected in 86 isolates (43%) and ctx-m, per and ver genes were detected in 82, 0 and 7 E. coli isolates, respectively. These findings demonstrated that raw dairy products may be reservoirs for the dissemination of β-lactam antibiotics and that resistance genes could be transmitted to humans through the food chain.

The HMGA2 protein is one of the transcription factors that regulates the evolution and differentiation of the cells. Studies have shown that changes in the expression of the HMGA2 gene can play an important role in preventing tumor progression and its metastasis. In this study, we investigated the association between rs10573247 polymorphism in the 3-UTR region of HMGA2 gene and the risk of gastric cancer.

Genomic DNA from blood sample of 100 patients with gastric cancer and 100 healthy individuals were extracted A part of the HMGA2 gene, including rs10573247 polymorphism, was amplified by PCR technique. After, the PCR product was treated with EaR1 enzyme and the genotype of each individual was determined. Finally, the risk of gastric cancer was assessed with the statistical tests of χ2 and logistic regression.

The statistical analysis of allelic and genotypic association of rs10573247 polymorphism with the risk of gastric cancer showed that there was not significant relationship between different alleles of rs10573247 polymorphism (P = 0.127) and none of its genotypes with gastric cancer risk.

It seems none of the rs10573247 polymorphism genotypes in the HMGA2 gene were associated with the risk of gastric cancer.

One of the genes that can play a role in increasing the incidence of type 2 diabetes is the MNSODA16V gene. In this study, the relationship between this gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus among Mazandaran people was studied. About 1cc of blood containing EDTA (CBC) plasma were obtained from 50 infected and 50 individuals. In order to determine the amount and quality of DNA, two methods of quantitative evaluation using spectrophotometric method and qualitative evaluation using electrophoresis were used. In order to estimate the DNA concentration, 4 μl of the DNA base solution was mixed with one μl of the sampler buffer and evaporated once in the wells of 1.2% agarose gel in the TAE buffer. To evaluate the PCR product, 2% agarose gel was performed. 5 μl of the product of each reaction, with 1 ml of color, was transferred to gel wells and electrophoresis at 100 volts for 1.5 hours. The gel was stained in Ethidium bromide solution (0.5 mg / ml) for 20 minutes, and then transferred to distilled water from the dye gel apparatus. Unfortunately, due to the repeated use of up to 3 times and the use of the DNA extraction kit, this is not the work process and needs to be further explored. For this reason, this study shows little success with the association of MNSODA16V polymorphism and also requires more study in different populations to better understand the role of MNSODA16V.

The pollution with increased human activity and industrial development is increasing every day around the world. The pollution is generated by contaminants such as organic compounds and inorganic compounds containing heavy metals. There are various chemical and physical methods to remove these contaminants. But scientists due to high cost, incomplete removal of contaminants, environmental destruction and erosion by these methods, to study and development of biological techniques have made. A type of bioremediation methods is use of plants to clean up organic contaminants and minerals in water, soil and air. The remediting is done through complex mechanisms in plants. Today, the science of genetic engineering by using the genes in plants with the potential to clean-up or accumulation, they can produce transgenic plants with resistance to higher concentrations of pollutants. In this paper, according to previous studies, mechanisms of plants in removing of various contaminants and genetic engineering advances in the production of transgenic plants with phytoremediation potential is revised.

Ovarian cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the second most lethal cancer in women and the seventh most common cause of cancer death in women and 2% of women who have no family history of it in their lifetime may be affected. Ovarian cancer remains the leading cause of cancer deaths in the genital tract. Though society may seem defenseless against infection, but can be used with multiple risk factors that have been identified as at risk of removal of both tubes and ovaries is proposed Up to 99% protection against the disease. As a result, identifying risk factors for ovarian cancer and the tumor can be effectively adopted announcement is helpful. The purpose of this study was to assess risk factors and involved genes in ovarian cancer are effective.

Infectious diseases caused by Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus strains that resistant to drugs، which have often a hospital source، is increasing in many countries. In this applied study، 40 persons of therapeutic Personnel including nurses، technicians، experts and patients from Zabol hospital and 40 students of Zabol University who were willing to participate in this research were selected. They were evaluated in terms of vectors. Samples، with separate sterile swabs were taken from the anterior portion of the nose and throat then were immediately transferred to the culture medium. Finally، by standardized tests، Staphylococcus aureus was detected. Then-PCR method، by using specific primers mecA، the Staphylococcus aureus was isolated. The results of this research showed that nasal carriers were 17/41 percent، throat carriers were 29/35 percent، nose/throat carriers were 76/11 and about 17/41 percent of all Staphylococcus aureus isolated، were resistant to methicillin. Due to the high rate of carriers of Staphylococcus aureus that resistant to methicillin، for Identifying these people and treat them in order to eradicate the infectious agent، can be one of the important ways to prevent hospital infections that in terms of the health and decreasing mortality، social، economic and health impacts is very important.