جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "ژنتیک جمعیت" در نشریات گروه "زیست شناسی"

In this study eight microsatellite DNA loci were used to examine the population genetic structure of Acanthopagrus curvieri, .170 individuals from four sites in Persian Gulf an on Site in Oman Sea were analyzed. The results Showed that number of Na and Ne in locus were very low. But observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and gene diversity of were median. The results of analysis of molecular variance pairwise RST values indicate that, hat 87.54% of the genetic variation contained within populations and 13.46% occurred among populations. The Boushhr and Genaveh and Dayer populations were not significantly different from each other, but significant different from the other population, and khormosa and genaveh samples were also not significantly different from each other, but significantly different from all other samples. The samples were collected form Bandrabbas site was significant different from all other samples in Persian Gulf. The gene flow were estimated (Nm) indicted that existence of high gene flow among populations from 0.994 to 11.114. Neighbour-joining analysis clustered the bandarabas samples far from the others while population collections from Persian Gulf were clustered in one clade. In summery bandarabas population were distinct population from Persian Gulf population.

Abstract Analysis of population genetic structure using multilocus data, is generally performed by sequential run of the three computer programs, namely STRUCTURE, CLUMPP, and Distruct. The two latter programs lack Graphical User Interface (GUI), and the user must manually create inputs and settings files, using text editors out of the program environment. A number of facilitating programs have been developed, which are online, or dependent on statistical packages such as R. In this paper, after reviewing the aims and methods for analyzing the structure of populations using dominant molecular marker data, a new computer program, STRUCTUREasy is introduced. This program simplifies the analysis procedures, with no need for programing skills. STRUCTUREasy is an open source program with a simple user interface, running in Microsoft Office. Its application is for the extraction of Q-matrices of STRUCTURE and connecting the input files to downstream software, for providing ease of use, and more accuracy and pace, in population structure analysis using multilocus markers. This program runs in Microsoft Access 2016, and performs well in extracting data and settings between STRUCTURE, CLUMPP and Distruct software, for accuracy and pace.

Genetic structure of golden mullet, Liza aurata, investigated in the Gomishan and Anzali wetlands using six microsatellite primer sets (Muce55, Muce37, Muso10, Muco16, Muso19, and Muso22). Totally 60 samples of adult golden mullet were collected from these regions. All primer sets as polymorphic loci were used to analyze the genetic variation. Analyses revealed that average of alleles (Na) per locus was 5.3 (range 3 to 9 alleles) and in regions, samples of Gomishan wetland 5.1 and Anzali wetland 5.5 respectively. All sampled regions contained private alleles. The average estimates of inbreeding coefficients (Fis and Fit) values of 6 microsatellites were positive. The average observed and expected heterozygosity was in Gomishan wetland 0.153 and 0.721 and Anzali wetland 0.328 and 0.747 respectively. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were in all cases (P

Common carp CyprinuscarpioL. is an important economic species in Caspian Sea. Genetic variability and differentiation of common carp investigated in and Gorgan rood estuary, Ramsar shoreline, Anzali wetland and Aras dam using microsatellite markers. A total of 100 specimens of adult common carp were sampled from regions. Seven pairs of microsatellites were tested on the common carp. In this study, only five primer pairs (MFW6,MFW7¡MFW9¡ SyP4 æ Ca3/4) were used successfully. Analyses revealed that the average of alleles per locus was 7.7 (range 2 to 12 alleles per locus in regions). All sampled regions contained private alleles. The average observed and expected heterozygosity was 0.790 and 0.863, respectively. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were seen in most cases. Average of Fis, Nm and FSTwere -0.104, 2.9 and 0.099 respectively. FSTbandRSTestimates in AMOVA indicated significant genetic differentiation among regions, indicating that the populations were divergent. The data generated in this study provides useful information on the genetic variation and differentiation in populations of common carp.

Today, the rats are considering as an important laboratory model and from another aspect, as very important potentially dangerous pest. Rats reseach, especially to identify them, their genetics of populations and phylogeography, using morphological and especially molecular techniques is a necessity. This study performed using D-Loop region of mtDNA to identify them and study genetic of Tehran metropolis rats and the results showed presence of only the black and brown rat species in Tehran. Among the 229 samples, only one sample was the black rat and remians diagnosed as the brown rats belonging to two different subspecies probably. Demographic and population genetics analyses showed that these animals have a very low genetic diversity and the two different groups have entered Iran in different times: The estimated time for the first or newer group and for older group was about 700 and 5600 years, respectively. The data also revealed that Tehran's rat populations have had an expansion period in past but one could see the well-done controls in the past, too. The districts such as 18, 19, 13, 12, 9, 4 and 1 have much more groups of rats and could be the niche of colonies.

Using 5 microsatellite loci Sillago sp. From Hormozgan North Persian Gulf were investigated through 68 specimens in two stations: Minab (31 specimens) and Bandar Lengeh (38 specimens). DNA was extracted using modified CTAB (Hexadecyl trimethyl-ammonium bromide) protocol. 5-17 alleles were observed in 5 loci with 8. 4 mean allelic frequency. Observed and expected heterozygosity values was calculated (0. 115

Keywords: Silaginids, Microsatellites, Population Genetics, Hormozgan, Persian Gulf

Genetic structure of two populations of Spirlin، Alburnoides eichwaldii from Karganroud and Chalous Rivers was investigated using six microsatellite molecular markers (CtoF-172، BL1-2b، CnaB-030، LleA-071، Ca3 and Z21908) on 30 fishes from each river. The mean of observed alleles at each locus was 6. 5. Allele sizes at CtoF-172، BL1-2b، CnaB-030، LleA-071، Ca3 and Z21908 loci were ranged from 107-147، 147-184، 124-157، 332-387 300-347 and 147-183 bps respectively. Z21908 and Ca3 showed the lowest and the highest polymorphism respectively. All loci in both rivers showed deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The number of effective alleles، expected heterozygosity، observed heterozygosity and polymorphism information content (PIC) were 4. 86، 0. 81، 0. 96 and 0. 94 respectively cindicative of high level of genetic diversity in both populations. The mean FIS value for all loci in both station ranged from -0. 23 to -0. 30 indicating low possibility for inbreeding occurrence. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that the percent of variance among and within populations were 6. 31 and 93. 69 %، respectively. The genetic distance was 0. 363. Significant FST value (0. 063) was observed between the two populations. The high level of genetic differentiation may reflect local segregation of two populations because of differences in ecological conditions of two rivers.

For detecting the best gene in phylogenetic and population genetic studies of S. abaster, nucleotide sequences of four mitochondrial genes including Cyt b, 12S and 16S rRNA and D-Loop related to 13 Syngnathus abaster populations in west Mediterranean lagoons were obtained via GenBank and used for analysis. Neutrality tests results significantly were negative for 16S rRNA, 12S rRNA and D-Loop, indicating the effect of recent expansion or directional selection during evolution, whereas the result for MMD analyze wasn’t consistent to the demographic model of sudden expansion. Analyze of molecular variance for each genes show that: the S. abaster populations of west Mediterranean lagoons genetically diverged in three groups including eastern group, western-central group and southern group, as 63-84% of observed diversity belongs to the among groups. Genetic divergence among the central(A2) and western(A1 and A3) populations still wasn’t much and together placed in a common clade(A), whereas divergence levels of eastern and southern populations are very high and each group of populations placed in a separate clade(respectively C and B). Central populations are founder populations which those origins placed in western lagoons in the southern coasts of France and Spain. In addition, a genetic barrier was identified which block the gene flow among eastern and western parts of west Mediterranean lagoons. High divergence among the three clades may be due to geographic discontinuity, habitat conditions such as different temperature, salinity and levels of unsolved oxygen and also effects of evolutionary forces including genetic drift, bottlenecks, natural selection and founder effects. Increasing divergence among three clades during evolution cause creation of subspecies, pripatric speciations and hybrid zone. According to the high levels of genetic diversity and also significant results for phylogenetic, demographic and genetic structure analysis for D-Loop, we can say that this gene is the best one in studies of phylogenetic and genetic structure of S. abaster.

In order to determine the population structure of artemia in the Inche Lake in the Golestan Province sampling was carried out in three regions of the Lake. Northern، middle and south ern parts of the Lake were the sampling locations. 66 specimens were collected from the sampling sites. mtDNA was extracted by phenol-chloroform method. Genetic variation investigated using COI gene segment. COI segment then was amplified with primers. PCR product with 720bp was digested with 10 restriction enzymes namely as: RsaI، MspI، MboI، HinfI، HindIII، HaeIII، Eco471، EcoRI، AluI، TaqI. Three out of 10 Enzymes (HaeIII، RsaI، and AluI) could demonstrate the polymorphism. RFLP analysis shows 9 different haplotypes of the samples. Haplotype variation among the samples collected from the north، middle، and south part of the Lake was 0. 580±0. 0110، 0. 588±0. 114، 0. 571±0. 105 respectively. Nucleotide variation among the samples collected from the north، middle، and south part of the Lake was 0. 024، 0. 025، and 0. 015 respectively with 0. 021±0. 0000111 as average. Also the nucleotide variation between the samples collected from the north، middle، and south part of the Lake was 0. 0233 and the nucleotide differences between populations was 0. 0016. Haplotype frequency (X2) between populations was 23. 75. Monte Carlo analysis with 1000 repeats was X2 =0. 057±0. 007. This indicates that there is no significant difference between haplotypes frequency of the samples. Therefore there is only one population of parthenogenetic artemia in the Inche Lake.

Common kilka, Clupeonella cultriventris is an economic fish in Caspian sea and we investigate population genetic structure of common kilka in the South Caspian Sea costline (Mazandaran province) using microsatellite markers. Totally, 60 individuals of adult common kilka from two seasons were sampled. Eight sets of microsatellite primers were developed from American shad and Pacific herring tested on genomic DNA of common kilka. At this point only the five successfully used primer sets and were used to analyze the genetic variation in adultsof the common kilka population. Analyses revealed that average of alleles per locus was 11.7 (Na range 6 to 17 alleles per locus). Both of sampled seasons contained private alleles. Average observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.543 and 0.866 respectively. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were in most cases (P<0.01). Basis on AMOVA for both FST values among pairs them indicated a significant difference between the two seasons (P≤0.01). These results support the existence of different genetic populations along the South Caspian Sea costline (Mazandaran province) in different seasons.

The Y chromosome simple tandem repeats (STRs)، residing out of the pseudo-autosomal region، pass down through the father to the male offspring، represent suitable markers for evolutionary studies and tracing human migration through male lineage as well as paternity testing and forensic genetics. In this study the common Y chromosome STRs polymorphisms were investigated among 100 unrelated male individuals that were selected randomly from Tehran population; the sample can roughly (at least in providing a general profile of existing YSTR alleles and haplotypes) be a good representative of Iran''s general population due to the mixed nature of the people living in Tehran. Using a PCR based approach، the polymorphisms of nine Y chromosome specific STR markers، including DYS19، DYS385a/b، DYS389I/II، DYS390، DYS391، DYS392، and DYS393، were investigated. These markers are defined as the European Minimal Haplotypes (EMH). The PCR products were run on a 1. 5% agarose gel، followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for further resolution as minor differences in repeat numbers might not be resolved by conventional agarose gel electrophoresis. Gene Diversity (GD)، which is a measure of allelic polymorphism، calculated for each marker. DYS385 was shown to be the most polymorphic allele and DYS391 showed the lowest polymorphism in this study. Haplotypes Diversity (HD)، calculated for assessment of haplotypes distributions، found to be over 0. 999. This may warrant applying some of Y-STR markers possibly in forensics، paternity testing and also in comparative studies among different ethnic groups of Iran as well as for further application in global studies due to diversity of ethnic groups residing in Iran.