جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « اسانس » در نشریات گروه « زیست شناسی »

This study was performed to investigate the effect of mycorrhiza fungus and different levels of humic acid (zero, 200 and 400 mg/l) and salicylic acid (zero, 100 and 200 mg/l) on physiological characteristics and essential oil content in three cultivars Lemonella, Citronella and Varigated. Lemon balm (Melissa Officinalis L.) was implemented in 1397 in a greenhouse in northern Iran. The experiment was performed as a factorial in a completely randomized statistical design with 3 replications. Mycorrhiza and humic acid treatments were applied at the time of seed sowing and salicylic acid was sprayed in two stages (second and third weeks of pot cultivation). The results of this experiment showed that all treatments had a significant effect on the measured variables. The highest proline content was obtained in Citronella cultivar and control treatment and The highest phenol, carbohydrate, essential oil percentage in the treatment of mycorrhiza fungus+ humic acid 400 mg/l + salicylic acid 100 mg/l were obtained in Varigated, Citronella and Lemonella cultivars, respectively. Also the highest amount of flavonoids in the treatment of mycorrhiza fungus+ humic acid 400 mg/l + salicylic acid 200 mg/l in Citronella cultivar and the highest total antioxidant activity in the treatment of mycorrhiza fungus+ humic acid 200 mg/l + salicylic 200 mg/l in Lemonella cultivar was observed. In general, the results of this experiment showed that the application of mycorrhiza fungus with humic acid 400 mg/l and salicylic acid 100 mg/l in Lemonella, Citronella and Varigated cultivars improved the physiological characteristics and essential oil of Lemon balm.

Pathogen growth in vitro is one of the major problems in plant micropropagation, so the most important stage of in vitro culture of plants is disinfection of the cultures. In the common methods of disinfection, the media and plant materials, apparatus such as autoclaves and chemicals disinfectents are used, which causes the time of this process and the costs to increase. This research objective to improve the disinfection of Iris hollandica cv. Apollo scales using different plant essential oils (thyme, cumin and savory) and the methods of using essential oils as disinfectants, the use of essential oils in the medium and the use of essential oils fumigation was done in four independent experiments. The use of essential oils of thyme, cumin, and savory completely prevented both contamination of the culture medium and contamination of the explant. The best disinfection method was when the essential oils were used in combination with the culture medium. Bacterial contamination was better controlled at concentrations of 0.125 to 0.25%, but the concentration of 0.25% of essential oils resulted in better control of fungal infection. The least browning of iris scale explants was observed at a concentration of 0.125. The technique presented in this study can significantly reduce the cost of electricity and lighting, as well as personnel costs. Therefore, this method can introduce a practical and cost-effective technique for plant micropropagation.

Storability of medicinal plants plays an important role in the quantity and quality of their compounds. In order to investigate the effect of low irrigation and storability treatment on the quantitative and qualitative yield of S. Khuzestanica and S. bachtiarica essential oils, a completely random design with three replications was carried out at the Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center. Low irrigation treatments (16.6, 33 and 50 L/m2) were applied. Some agronomic traits and yields of essential oils and constituents of essential oils were investigated. Also, dried plants have been stored for two years, and the effect of storability on their essential oil has been investigated. According to the results, the low irrigation treatment had a significant effect on all traits except for the percentage of essential oil. The average of traits for S. khuzistanica were obtained for essential oil at 3.62%, dry matter at 1995 kg/ha, and the yield of essential oil at 71 L/ha. By reducing water (50 to 16.6 L/m2), The most important composition of the essential oil was carvacrol (95%), and treatments had no significant effect on the changing process of essential oil composition. The percentage of essential oil at harvesting compared to stored dried plants decreased (3.6 to 2.2 percent in S. khuzistanica and 2.3 to 0.8 percent in S. bachtiarica). The percentage of carvacrol in the essential oil of the stored dried plant in S. khuzistanica was 95%, and the percentage of carvacrol and p- cymen in S. bachtiarica were 41% and 34.6%, respectively.

Identifying different habitats and evaluating the effect of environmental factors on the performance of active ingredients in medicinal plants is a basic help to maintain the genetic diversity of these plants. This research was done in three habitats in Isfahan province during 2017–2020. The aerial parts of Tanacetum lingulatum Boiss. Bornm were harvested at the full flowering stage and transferred to the laboratory of the Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were measured by the Follin-Ciocalteu reagent and the aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated by measuring the reduction of radical capacity with the help of DPPH. The essential oil from T. lingulatum plants was extracted by water distillation using Clevinger and analyzed by GC/MS. According to the results, the amounts of total phenol and flavonoids, the antioxidant activity and the essential oil content were only affected by population treatment. The maximum content of total flavonoids (0.289 mg QE/g dry weight), the antioxidant activity (53.67%), and the essential oil content (0.15% v/w) were related to the Kooh Sefid habitat. Compared to the other two habitats, the Kooh Sefid region has the lowest altitude above sea level, the lowest average annual temperature and soil acidity, and the highest soil organic carbon and annual rainfall. The highest amount of total phenol was obtained from the Lashtar habitat (0.051 mg GAE/g dry weight). The most important compounds identified in the essential oils were cis-sabienene hydrate (12–24%), camphene (3–15%), n-decanal (11–24%), dihydro-linalool (1–9%), cis-β-terpineol (7-9 %), nerol oxide (1–16%), and cis-pinocarveol (8–20%). Variation observed in the examined traits in different habitats can be caused by differences in ecological characteristics. Finally, the Kooh Sefid population can be one of the target habitats for preserving the genetic diversity of the T. lingulatum medicinal plant due to having more essential oil and antioxidant activity.

The genus Lepidium from the family Brassicaceae has 16 species in Iran, and the most famous species is garden cress (L. sativum), which is used as a vegetable or medicinal plant. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality and quantity of seed essential oil of seven L. sativum populations collected from different climatic regions of Iran. Seeds of L. sativum populations were hydro-distillated by clevenger, and the chemical composition of the essential oils and their quantitative percentages were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The main compounds of seed essential oil were monoterpenes 1,8-cineole (44.5%), α-terpinyl acetate (13.9%) and α-pinene (7.7%). The populations of Karaj, Kerman and Qazvin had the highest amounts of 1,8-cineole, α-terpinyl acetate and α-pinene, respectively. The results of cluster analysis based on the chemical composition of garden cress seed essential oil using the Nearest neighbor method showed that seven studied populations were divided into two groups, and this grouping did not match the geographical coordinates of the regions. The first group included the populations of Kerman, Qazvin, Shahriar and Tabriz, and the second group were the populations of Shiraz, Hamadan and Karaj, which had the highest amount of 1,8-cineole and the lowest amount of α-terpinyl acetate and 7,10-hexadecadienoic acid, methyl ester. According to the results of the bi-plot diagram of principle component analysis (PCA), Karaj population -which had the lowest values of the first and second components- was placed in a distinct group. No significant correlation was observed between the main compositions of the essential oil with the geographic coordinates and weather conditions of the collection sites.

Ferula gummosa (Barijeh) belongs to the Apiaceae family and is one of the most important pasture, medicinal and industrial plants, whose oleo-gum-resin (galbanum) has a commercial aspect. The essential oil and oleoresin of F. gummosa are widely used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The aim of the present study is to investigate and compare the physicochemical properties of the essential oil obtained from the oleo-gum-resin of two F. gummosa populations from Isfahan and Fars habitats. For this purpose, the oleo-gum-resin of F. gummosa was collected from two areas in Kashan and Fars. The essential oil was then extracted from the fresh oleo-gum-resin by water and steam distillation. The essential oil was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively using GC and GC/MS devices. The appearance, physical and chemical characteristics of the essential oil of two populations of F. gummosa, including relative density, refractive index, optical rotation, and phytochemicals of the essential oil were investigated and compared. Based on the results, the essential oil of F. gummosa is a transparent and colorless liquid with a turpentine odour and a distinct green note. The essential oil of two populations of Kashan and Fars has relative density of 0.874 and 0.869, refractive index of 1.4810 and 1.4795, and optical rotation of 11.35° and 23.52°, respectively. The results of comparing the average physicochemical characteristics of the essential oil obtained from the oleo-gum-resin of the two F. gummosa populations from Fars and Kashan indicate that there is no significant difference in the traits of relative density and refractive index, and on the other hand, there is a significant difference in the amount of optical rotation of the two essential oil samples. Based on the essential oil analysis, hydrocarbon monoterpenes including β-pinene (71% and 68.8%), δ-3-carne (9.4% and 5.2%), myrcene (3.9% and 2.4%), α-pinene (3.6% and 3.4%) and limonene (2.4% and 15.6%) were identified as the main compounds of essential oil in two F. gummosa populations from Kashan and Fars, respectively.

Organic manuares have important effectiveness on quantity and quality of medicinal plants and this plants have important role in food industries, then this research was done to evaluate the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on essential oil content and composition of Thyme. This research was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications in Research Farm of Islamic Azad University Branch of Shahrekord at 2020 and 2021. Treatments were: control (no fertilizer), cow manure, sheep manure, hen manure, horse manure, vermi-compost and complete chemical fertilizers. Each of animal manuares and vermi-compost in 20 t.ha-1 in planting time and complete chemical fertilizer in 1.5 g.l-1 concentration after V10 stage in two step by 3 weeks interval, were used. Shoot of plant samples beginning of flowering stage in end of vegetative stage (252-270 leaf) prepared from treatments separately in the end of august. For measurement of the content and yield of the volatile oil, 1000g of the fresh shoots harvested and mixed with water and placed in a flask connected to the condenser of a Clevenger apparatus and the GC analysis was done to detect the essential oil composition. The most weight of dry matter (352±17.1 g.m-2 in first year and 359.04±18.9 g.m-2 in second year) and essential oil content (0.91±0.1% in first year and 1.1±0.01% in second year) were observed in chemical fertilizer was the same group with vermi-compost and hen manure. Four components of P-cymene, Gamma terpinen, Carvacrol and Thymyl acetate are classified as cyclic monoterpene made more than 70% of essential oil content in different treatments. 29 components in essential oil of treatments were detected. The greatest amount of major components were Carvacrol (35.2-36.8%) in chemical fertilizer and vermicompost, P-cymene (8.3-7.8%) in chemical fertilizer; Gamma terpinene (18.6-18.7%) in vermi-compost and Thymyl acetate (4.6-4.8%) in hen manure.

One of the methods to increase the secondary metabolites production in plants is to use elicitors and chitosan is a biotic elicitor obtained from the deacetylation of chitin in the outer shell of crustaceans such as shrimp. Shrimp shell is part of shrimp solid waste discarded in large amount every year. This research was carried out to investigate the effect of foliar application of chitosan elicitor (0.25 and 0.5 g/l) and shrimp shell powder (2.5 and 5 g/L) on medicinal plant Hyssopus officinalis in potted form at the Experimental Farm of Islamic Azad University, Shahre-kord Branch during spring to fall in 2017. The essential oils were obtained from aerial part of hyssop by Clevenger device. The essential oils were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. Totally, 33 compounds و representing more than 89-95% of the oil composition, were identified. The predominant components of the essential oil in all treatments were cis-pinocamphon (43.19-55.09%) and beta-pinene (8.31-15.04%). Foliar application of chitosan, shrimp shell, and shrimp shell × chitosan increased the percentage of essential oil and cis-pinocamphon, but only the effect of chitosan 0.5 was statistically significant. Chitosan treatments decreased plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll of hyssop but shrimp shell and chitosan × shrimp shell solutions increased them, although no one was significant. According to the results of this study, it seems that in addition to chitosan, shrimp shell with higher concentrations can be used to increase effective substances of the medicinal plant Hyssopus officinalis.

Nowadays, considering the side effects of synthetic antibiotics and the increase in drug resistance, it is a necessity to replace them by natural compounds as safe sources. Thus, studies have been carried out on the medicinal properties of essential oils of different Ferula L. species, but there was no report on Ferula tabasensis Rech. f. as an Iranian endemic species. In this research, the leaves and flowers of Ferula tabasensis were harvested from its main habitat (between Kharanaq and Saghand – elevation 1570 m) at the full-flowering stage in the spring of 2021. The essential oils were extracted by hydro distillation method (Clevenger apparatus and GC and GC/MS were used to analyze chemical constituents. The antimicrobial activity of essential oil was evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination by broth dilution method and the growth inhibitory zone diameter (mm) was also measured. The yields of essential oils from the leaves and flowers of the plant were 0.3% and 0.5%, respectively. The results showed that bornyl acetate (34.2% and 35%) and α-pinene (12.2% and 8.4%) were identified as major compounds of essential oil from leaves and flowers, respectively. Also, citronellol (15.5%) was another main constituent found in the essential oil of the flowers of Ferula tabasensis. Both essential oils had good antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms, except E. coli. It seems that antibacterial activity can be mostly attributed to the main compounds of essential oils in the leaves and flowers of the plant and, thus, they can be considered as alternatives to synthetic antibiotics.

Many researches have been conducted to introduce ultrasound as an auxiliary factor to increase the efficiency of extraction of essential oils from medicinal plants. However, few researchers have studied the role of ultrasound waves in stimulating chemical reactions of the essential compounds of plants. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of ultrasound on the main components of essential oil of Thymus vulgaris L. after extracting the essential oil and without the presence of plant tissue. For this purpose, the aerial parts of the plant were harvested at the flowering stage from the south of Tehran in June 2021 . The essential oil of the plant was extracted using a distillation apparatus (Clevenger) and its compounds were determined and measured by GC and GC/MS. Subsequently, ultrasonic waves were applied to the extracted essential oil by a titanium probe (400 w) with three variable factors of temperature, time, and the ratio of essential oil/ water at three levels. Finally, 27 treated essential oil samples were prepared and their chemical compounds were quantified by GC. The primary essential oil contained 44.37% of thymol, 29.80% of p-cymene and 21.24% of γ-terpinene. The results showed that the application of ultrasound to the essential oil increased the amount of thymol and decreased the amounts of γ-terpinene and p-cymene. By optimizing the conditions (1:0 ratio of thyme essential oil and water, 20˚C and 10 min), the active ingredient thymol was reduced from 44.37% to 70.18%. Ultrasonic waves in the presence of water and oxygen caused the production of hydroproxyl radical (HOO˙) and then showed oxidation reactions to produce thymol from γ-terpinene and p-cymene. The results showed that in addition to helping to increase the efficiency of extraction, ultrasound can cause a change in the chemistry and the ratio of phytochemical compounds in the essential oil by stimulating radical reactions.

This study is the first to investigate the chemical composition of essential oils in three organs (flower, leaf and stem) of Salvia macrosiphon Boiss., which grows wild and belongs to Lamiaceae family, in Fras procince. In the present experiment, 30 plants in full at flowering stage were randomly prepared from the Jahrom region of Fars province and divided into three groups of 10 and then flowers, leaves, and stems of each group were isolated for testing. Essential oil was extracted from each organ with three replications as in each repetition 200 g of plant material was used by hydro-distillation using Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by a combination of GC-FID and GC-MS techniques to check their chemical variability. The mean yields of essential oil (w/w%) in flowers, leaves, and stems were , 0.48%, 0.28%, and 0.06%, respectively. The total number of compounds identified and quantified were twenty-five in flowers, eighteen in leaves and twenty-one in stems, representing 93.1%, 93.4% and 92.2% of the total oil, respectively. Results of essential oil compound analysis illustrated that flower expressed a high content of linalool. Meanwhile, bicyclogermacrene + (E)-caryophyllene and germacrene D + bicyclogermacrene were the major compounds in leaf and stem organs, respectively. Also, results showed that , in the three studied organs, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the common group with the highest amountin leaves (69.1%), stems (68.0%), and flowers (34.5%). The highest level of oxygenated monoterpens was found in the flower part, represented by 27.3% of linalool. In conclusion, the plant organs of S. macrosiphon had different qualities and concentrations of essential oil. Flowers were the most beneficial organ of this species for essential oil and linalool compound productions.

Water stress is one of the most important environmental factors limiting the growth and yield of plants, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Bio-stimulants are biological substances that stimulate metabolism and metabolic processes to increase plant efficiency. To investigate the effects of low water stress and bio-stimulants of Fosnutren and Humiforte on some morphophysiological and phytochemical traits of thyme, a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with 12 treatments and 3 replications in 2020 performed in greenhouse conditions. Therefore, the seedlings obtained from seed cultivation after two weeks of transfer to the pot, were exposed to dehydration stress treatments (25, 50, 75 and 100% of field capacity). Foliar application of plants with Fosnutren and Humiforte (5 ml) was performed three times and once every 15 days. The desired traits were evaluated 15 days after the last treatments. The results showed that increasing the levels of low water stress (25 and 50% of field capacity) caused a significant decrease in growth indices, chlorophyll content, total antioxidant percentage and essential oils and increase in proline content. Simultaneous treatment of drought and bio-stimulants of Fosnutren and humiforte with significantly reduced oxidative stress due to dehydration improved the evaluated traits except the amount of proline. The highest percentage of essential oil (2.34%) in Fosnutren foliar spraying and was obtained at 75% field capacity. In general, foliar application of Fosnutren and Humiforte reduced the negative effects of dehydration in thyme.

Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) is a valuable medicinal plant in the Mediterranean and West Asia. Silica is also emphasized as a very important element in improving the behavior of plants. Today, and especially in adverse environmental conditions, soilless cultivation systems are among the most important technologies of the day. Considering the growing importance of this type of cultivation technique, a factorial experiment in the form of a completely randomized design with four silica treatments with concentrations of zero, 0.75, 1.5 and 2.25 mM and three repetitions in four cultivation beds including soil and sand (soil derivatives), soil and vermicompost (soil derivatives), perlite (without soil and feeding with nutrient solution with Hoagland base), perlite and cocopeat (without soil and feeding with nutrient solution with Hoagland base) were done. After seedling cultivation and the completion of vegetative growth, growth, morphological, physiological and phytochemical indicators, including root length, fresh and dry weight of aerial organs and roots, relative humidity of leaves, photosynthetic pigments, total phenolics, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity, oxidation, yield and percentage of essential oil, were measured. The results showed that the interaction effect of silicon with culture media on morpho-physiological and biochemical indicators of marigold was significant at the level of 1% difference. However, growth and physiological indicators in the perlite culture bed had the highest averages compared to other beds. Increasing the concentration of silicon improved the performance to some extent, but the best results were obtained at a concentration of 1.5 mM. The highest amount of essential oil yield (0.06 mg per plant) was obtained in field soil conditions without silicon foliar spraying, and the highest percentage of essential oil (0.8%) was obtained in perlite culture medium with 2.25 mM silicon. Also, the highest amount of total phenol (140 mg/g dry matter) was obtained in the soil culture system, and 2.25 mM silicon and antioxidant activity (55 mg/g dry matter) were obtained in the soil culture medium and no use of silicon. According to the obtained results, it seems that despite the increasing effect of silicon on the growth parameters, the field soil substrate without the application of silicon has the best results on the secondary metabolites of the plant and is economical.

The ornamental plant industry faces many environmental constraints, such as drought due to climate change. Therefore, the use of materials that mitigate these stresses is essential. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of potassium silicate on the physiological and biochemical responses of marigolds under water stress. Four water deficit treatments were applied, including 90, 80, 70, and 60% of field capacity and potassium silicate at three concentrations (0, 1, and 3 mM). Results showed that the water deficit at 60% FC significantly reduced leaf relative water content (10.6%) and plant vegetative characteristics (height, leaf area, dry weight) compared to 90% of crop capacity in the no foliar spray condition. Increased ion leakage was observed in plants under water stress as an indicator of oxidative damage. In response to oxidative stress caused by a water deficit, the amount of chlorophyll, carbohydrate, and proline increased compared to the control. Foliar spraying of potassium silicate at a dosage of 3 mM increased the amount of chlorophyll a (92%), chlorophyll b (74%), and total chlorophyll (73%) under 60% FC stress compared to the control. The number and diameter of flowers increased by 39% and 16%, respectively, in the 3 mM treatment compared to the plants without foliar spraying. According to the results, foliar spraying with potassium silicate at a concentration of 3 mM reduced the negative effects of drought stress on the growth characteristics of marigold, such as leaf area and dry weight, and increased the amount of essential oil in the plant. In this way, the use of 3 mM potassium silicate before transplanting plants into environmental conditions can prevent damage caused by a water deficit.

Due to the importance of using nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture to increase the quantitative and qualitative yield of agricultural products, This study aims to investigate the effect of foliar application of iron, potassium, calcium and manganese nanoparticles on some morphophysiological traits and nutrient uptake of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) that is one of the most important medicinal plants of the lamiaceae family was done in a completely randomized design with three replications in 2018 in a greenhouse located in Islamshahr. Foliar application treatments of iron, potassium, calcium and manganese nanoclates included three levels of 2, 4 and 6 mg/l. Foliar application was applied in three stages with one week intervals and two weeks after the last foliar application, sampling was performed to evaluate the traits. The results showed that the application of nano-chelates significantly increased the evaluated traits compared to the control, so that the highest fresh and dry weight of shoots, total chlorophyll content of leaves and iron in the treatment of iron nano-chelate 6 mg/l, the highest fresh and dry weight of roots and the amount of potassium in the treatment of nano-chelate potassium was obtained 6 mg/l, also the highest amount of phenol and manganese in the treatment of nano-chelate manganese 6 mg/l, the highest amount of flavonoids and vitamin C in the treatment of nano-chelate Manganese 4 mg/l, the highest amount of calcium was observed in the treatment of calcium nano-chelate, 6 mg/l and the highest amount of essential oil was observed in the treatment of iron nano-chelate, 4 mg/l. In general, according to the results of this study, the application of iron, potassium, calcium and manganese nano-chelates with concentrations of 4 and 6 mg/l has a positive effect on increasing the productivity of peppermint.

The genus Anthemis L. is the second largest genus in the Compositae family, which consists of 39 annual and perennial species scattered throughout Iran. In this research, a species of Anthemis lorestanica Iranshahr was collected from two regions in Isfahan province, namely Makdin region (sample 1) and Badum Valley region (sample 2) in 2017.  The samples were identified in the herbarium of the Research Institute of Forests and Pastures in the Department of Botany. The essential oils were extracted from its flowers and leaves by water distillation method (Klenger method). Then the essential oil samples were measured and identified by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography connected to mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The amount of essential oil in sample 1 was 0.12% for flower and 0.08% for leaf. Major compounds in the flower consisted of methyl decanoate (18.6%), α-cadinol (11.1%), and n-tricosan (9.1%). Major compounds in leaves were neryl acetate (13.4%), α-cadinol (12.9%), and dihydro eudesmol (8.5%). Essential oil contents of sample 2 were 0.2% for flower and 0.08% for leaf. The main flower compounds included spathulenol (68.8%), dehydro-aromadendrane (5.2%), and oplopanone (3%). The main compounds of the leaves were oplopanone (12.3%), 1-icocen (11.5%), and dihydro eudesmol (10.9%).

To investigate the effect of the environment on phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant and phytochemical properties of essential oils in five cultivars of hop, in four regions of Golestan province (Gorgan, Aliabad, Galikesh, and Azadshahr), an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications during 2021-2022. Fruit extracts were prepared by soaking method using acetone solvent and the phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant properties were determined via Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride colorimetric, and DPPH method, respectively. Extraction of essential oils from fruit and identification of the compounds in the essential oil were carried out by water distillation method (Clevenger machine) and a gas chromatograph connected to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS), respectively. Overall, 32 compounds were identified, including Beta-acid, Alpha-acid, Co-humulone, total oil, Caryophyllene, Humulene, and Myrcene compounds, as the main components of the essential oil. Cascade cultivar in Gorgan region had the highest rate of phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activity, which can be related to the climatic conditions of the region and the higher potential of this cultivar. Also, all cultivars in Gorgan region had the highest content of secondary metabolites than others. Among the cultivated cultivars, Cascade and then Centennial had the highest content of secondary metabolites in all cultivation areas. Therefore, in order to achieve higher secondary metabolites, cultivation of Cascade in Gorgan region is recommend. On the other hand, Nugget in Galicash had the lowest content of secondary metabolites, which can be related to its lower potential in production of secondary metabolites and the climatic conditions of Galicash region which is located at a higher altitude and has a negative effect on the production of secondary metabolites. Therefore, considering the effect of different environmental conditions on the medicinal compounds of the species, it is recommended to evaluate the effect of the other factors, including the soil of the habitats.

Nowadays, the use of nano-fertilizers is of great importance in order to reduce the losses of nutrients and increase the quantity and quality of medicinal plants is great importance. To investigate the effect of foliar application of iron, zinc and manganese nano-chelates (Zero, 2, 4 and 6 mg/l) on the growth and biochemical indices of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) in a completely randomized design with three replications, Located in Gorgan city, it was carried out in 2021, the plants were foliar-sprayed from the four-leaf stage in three stages with a time interval of 10 days, and after two weeks of the last foliar spray, sampling and trait evaluation was done in the flowering stage. The results showed that the treatments had a significant effect on the evaluated traits, so that the highest fresh and dry shoot weight, plant height, total chlorophyll content, iron content and essential oil content in the treatment of 6 mg/l iron nano-chelates and the highest fresh and dry weight of roots and amount of plant zinc were obtained in the treatment of 6 mg/l zinc nano-chelates, also in the treatment of 6 mg/l manganese nano-chelates, the highest content of phenol, flavonoids and manganese was observed. Overall, the results showed that the application of 6 mg/l nano-chelates of iron, zinc and manganese positively increased peppermint's morphological and biochemical traits.