جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Acetylcholinesterase » در نشریات گروه « زیست شناسی »

The particular properties of nanoparticles and their interactions with biomolecules have attracted the attention of many scientists. Nanoparticles may affect the structure and function of biomolecules within the body. Proteins can easily attach to the surface of gold nanoparticles and form a protein corona around the nanoparticles. The formation of corona can affect the conformation of absorbed proteins and disrupt their physiological function. Therefore, understanding the interactions of gold nanoparticles and proteins can be considered as a starting point for studying the biological effects of nanoparticles. Considering the broad applications of gold nanoparticles and also the crucial role of acetylcholinesterase in the nervous system, this research used molecular dynamics simulations to study the effects of the gold nanoparticles on the structure of acetylcholinesterase. The results of RMSD, DSSP, and the radius of gyration indicate that the structure of AChE is stable in the presence of gold nanoparticles. Also, the results showed that gold nanoparticles do not cause any significant conformational changes in the protein structure.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of trichlorfon on brain acetylcholinesterase, serum catalase enzymes, and gill and liver tissues of golden fish in the presence of vitamin C. The fish (10±0.5 g) were exposed to water-soluble trichlorfon for one month in four treatments as 1 control (no poison and vitamin), 2 (0.4 mg/l trichlorfon), 3 (0.4 mg/l trichlorfon and 200 mg/kg food vitamin C) and 4 (200 mg/kg food vitamin C), with 3 replicates. The results showed that trichlorfon significantly decreased the acetylcholinesterase activity compared to the control treatment, but the administration of vitamin C with this poison significantly (P˂0.05) increased the activity of this enzyme compared to the treatment without vitamin C. Trichlorfon did not significantly change the catalase activity compared to the control (P˃0.05). Trichlorofon caused necrosis, edema, shortness, slashing, and hyperplasia of secondary lamellas in the gills tissue of fish. This poison also caused bleeding, necrosis, and swelling of hepatocytes in the liver tissue, but because of the antioxidant properties of vitamin C, the administration of this vitamin reduced the severity of this tissue damage. According to the results, vitamin C with antioxidant properties improved enzymatic conditions and reduced the severity of gill and liver tissue damage caused by trichlorfon.

Soybean (Glycine max) is a plant of the legume family and one of the most important oil plants. Soybean is rich in various proteins and phytochemicals, especially isoflavones. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and inhibitory effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of soybean seed on acetyl cholinesterase and production of amyloid nanobiofibrils in bovine serum albumin protein as a model protein. First, the yellow soybean seeds was powdered, then its hydro-alcoholic extract was prepared.  The extracts composition were obtained by GC-MS spectroscopy. Anti-Alzheimer's effects were performed by measuring antioxidant activity by DPPH method, Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by ellman method and inhibition of the production of amyloid nanobiofibrils by congored absorption method. Transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm the presence of amyloid fibrils. The presence of genistein active component in yellow soybean seed extract was confirmed by 2.97% and palmitic and linoleic acids by 3.11 and 10.69%, respectively. Investigation of antioxidant activity of soybean extract in different doses showed that with increasing the concentration of the extract, the percentage of antioxidant activity also increases. Investigation of acetylcholinesterase inhibition using a substrate analogue called acetylthiocholine iodide (ATCI) showed that with increasing the concentration of the extract, the amount of enzyme inhibition increases. The amounts of extract at high concentrations reduced the production of amyloid nanofibrils. This was confirmed by electron microscope images.Yellow soybeans, with their good antioxidant and inhibitory effects on the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, can be a good candidate for reducing the side effects of Alzheimer's.

The present study investigated the inhibitory effects of the oral disk extract of sea anemone, Stichodactlya haddoni on acetylcholinesterase and caspase activity. The sea anemone samples were obtained from the intertidal zone of the Hormuz Island in the Persian Gulf. Millipore ultrafiltration was carried out to separate different fractions of the crude extract. Ellman method was used to measure acetylcholinesterase inhibition. The activity of caspase 3 was measured using a calorimetric assay kit of Caspase in breast cancer cell MCF-7. At the end of the experiment, the highest percentage of inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase was observed in 6 mg/ml of the 30-100 kDa fraction (p<0.05). The activity of caspase 3 in MCF-7 treated with concentrations of 400, 600 and 800 μg/ml from the fraction 100-30 kDa were significantly different after 12, 24 and 48 hours (p<0.05). The concentration of 600 μg/ml in the desired fraction showed the highest caspase activity after all the three mentioned times. In conclusion, the protein toxins of the sea anemone, S. haddoni, with a molecular weight of 30 to 100 kD can have anti-Alzheimer's effects by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase enzyme and the lethality effects on the breast cancer cell by activating caspase 3 and possibly inducing apoptosis.

IN this study acetylcholine esterase enzyme activity in Mytilaster lineatus bivalve acute to deltamethrin under limit mortality concentraitions in lowest concentraition ( 0/5 mg/l) estimated as ( 15/665 ± 0/1291 micromol min mg protein ) and in upper concentraition estimated as ( 11/912 ± 0/4334 micromol min mg protein ). Acording to one way ANOVA results ( P

The enzyme acetylcholinesterase insensitivity plays a major role in organophosphate insecticides resistance in T. Urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). In this study، toxicological and biochemical resistant mechanisms to chlorpyrifos in three populations of spider mites were surveyed. Mites were first collected in Isfahan (ISR)، Yazd (Yz) and Guilan (GUS2) provinces and identified based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase sequences. The bioassay results showed that resistance ratios of ISR and Yz populations to chlorpyrifos were 176. 9- and 9. 78-fold compared to the GUS2 population، respectively. Determination of acetylcholinesterase activity with different substrates showed that resistant and susceptible strains have the highest and the lowest specific activity، respectively. In addition، AChE zymogram analyses were investigated in all populations. Lower acetylcholinesterase electrophoretic mobility in ISR population and high acetylcholinesterase band intensity of ISR population in presence of chlorpyrifos-oxon showed that resistance population has altered AchE. For determining the role of acetylcholinesterase insensivity in resistant mechanism، inhibitory effect of 11 inhibitors including OPs and carbamates on this enzyme were investigated in this study. IC50 of all inhibitors on acetylcholinesterase from ISR and Yz populations were higher than GUS2 population respectively. The results suggest that some modification occurred at the active site of the enzyme that reduces the AChE affinity to substrates and subsequently led to differences in electrophoretic mobility and insensivity of enzyme to OPs and carbamate inhibitors as competitive inhibitors.

In this study، seasonal variation on the acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity and on the protein in bivalvia Mytilaster lineatus and crustacean Pontogammarus maeoticus was investigated in 2010-2011 in Babolsar، in coast of the Caspian Sea. Maximum average of protein amount in Mytilaster lineatus was (10. 461 ± 0. 4833 mg/ml) in late winter and the highest average of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity (24. 635 ± 0. 7829 μmol / min / mg protein) was in the late autumn. Maximum average of protein amount in Pontogammarus maeoticus was (9. 521 ± 0. 1482 mg/ml) in late summer and the highest average of AChE activity (25. 155 ± 1. 5180 μmol/ min / mg protein) was in the late summer. The result of statistical analysis using ANOVA، P<0. 05 showed significant differences between the levels of acetylcholinesterase enzymes and Protein found in both organisms in different seasons of the year. This final result indicated that the minimum stress in bivalvia Mytilaster lineatus was in the cold seasons and in crustacean Pontogammarus maeoticus was in the warm seasons.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the main enzyme for the breakdown of acetylcholine. Nowadays, usage of the inhibitors of this enzyme is one of the most important types of treatment of learning and memory. Galanthamine, an alkaloid isolated from different species of Amaryllidaceae, has been found to be a potent and reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.
The step-through passive avoidance paradigm used in the present study is an accepted model to examine long-term memory in male Wistar rats.
The results showed that a dose of 8 mg per kg of ethanol extract of the Narcissus sp. bulbs can return memory destroyed by ethanol. It seems galantamine in extract Narcissus sp. through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase can be improved the memory in rats.