جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Microsatellite » در نشریات گروه « زیست شناسی »

The genetic diversity and population structure of cultured male and female herds of beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) brood stocks were estimated in International Sturgeon Research Institute using four DNA microsatellite loci. All loci were in polymorphic pattern. The number of alleles and observed heterozygosity ranged between 6-37 (mean 18) and 0-0.87 (mean 0.41), respectively. Allelic richness (Na) was acceptable and genetic variation was in moderate decreasing pattern.  For survey of genetic differentiation in individuals, the Fst was estimated at 0.045, indicating a low genetic differentiation among breeders. Samples from male herds in Spl-104 and Ls-19 loci were at Hardy-Weinberg equation and other loci showed a pattern of deviation from equilibrium, which could be as a result of reduced population size and the presence of an inbreeding phenomenon. According to the results obtained from molecular variance analysis, the genetic difference between two populations was 3%. The results of the study indicate that genetic diversity was low in the cultured beluga brood stocks, resulting in the reduction of wild beluga breeders in the southern basin of the Caspian Sea.

The genetic diversity of Caspian lamprey, (Caspiomyzon wagneri) was studied using  the microsatellite technique in Shiroud River. 67 caudal and dorsal fin samples were collected from spawned Caspiomyzon wagneri caught from Shiroud River in autumn 2015 and spring 2016 seasons. Genomic DNA was extracted using ammonium acetate method and polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were conducted using 10 paired microsatellite primers. The quantity and quality of DNA were assessed using spectrophotometry and a horizontal electrophoresis in 1% agarose gel methods and were stained using silver nitrate method. The results showed that it was produced six polymorphic and four monomorphic loci. The average real and effective number of alleles in autumn migrant were 2.66 and 1.88 and 3.16 and 2.06 in spring migrant. The mean observed and expected heterozygosity in autumn migrant were calculated 0.239±0.101 and 0.363±0.116 and 0.374±0/110 and 0/434±0/093 in spring migrant, respectively. More loci were out of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p < 0.05). Based on the analysis of molecular variance, Fst and Rst were 0.153 and 0.200 that showed significant differences (p < 0.01). This study gave evidence of the presence of two separated populations in studied river that should be considered in restructuring reserves.

In this study eight microsatellite DNA loci were used to examine the population genetic structure of Acanthopagrus curvieri, .170 individuals from four sites in Persian Gulf an on Site in Oman Sea were analyzed. The results Showed that number of Na and Ne in locus were very low. But observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and gene diversity of were median. The results of analysis of molecular variance pairwise RST values indicate that, hat 87.54% of the genetic variation contained within populations and 13.46% occurred among populations. The Boushhr and Genaveh and Dayer populations were not significantly different from each other, but significant different from the other population, and khormosa and genaveh samples were also not significantly different from each other, but significantly different from all other samples. The samples were collected form Bandrabbas site was significant different from all other samples in Persian Gulf. The gene flow were estimated (Nm) indicted that existence of high gene flow among populations from 0.994 to 11.114. Neighbour-joining analysis clustered the bandarabas samples far from the others while population collections from Persian Gulf were clustered in one clade. In summery bandarabas population were distinct population from Persian Gulf population.

The important achievement of genetic analysis of Quantitative trait locus (QTLs) is to facilitate the investigation of the inheritance of simple Mendelian traits. The aim of this study was mapping genes controlling morphological traits in F3 Families caused by Becher×Kavir cross in barley. In the present experimental research, in order to map QTLs, 103 F3 families caused by Becher×Kavir cross were cultivated in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications during 2014-2015. Number of germinated seeds, during the grain filling period, plant height, peduncle length, seed weight, and harvest index were evaluated. Linkage map was prepared, using SSR, iPBS, IRAP, and ISSR marker. QTLs were identified by QGENE 4.0 software and QTL analysis was performed by composite interval mapping. The identified QTLs justified with load score of 2.007, 8.6% of variance of phenotype germinated seed number, score of 22.2, 9.5% variance of phenotype grain filling period, score of 2.74, 1.16% of variance of plant height, score of 2.19, 9.3% of the variance of the peduncle length, the score of 2.04, 8.7% of variance of the seed weight, and with the scores of 2.38, 2.38, and 2.16 justified 10.1, 10.1, and 9.2% of the variance of the harvest index, respectively. There are one QTL on chromosome 6 and ISSR38-4 closely marker for number of germinated seeds, one QTL on chromosome 7 in iPBS2076-6-iPBS2085-1 distance of marker for during the grain filling period, one QTL on chromosome 2 in iPBS2083-3-HVBKASI distance of marker for plant height, one QTL on chromosome 6 and ISSR38-4 closely marker for peduncle length, one QTL on chromosome 3 in iPBS2075-5-ISSR38-7 distance of marker for seed weight, and 3 QTLs for harvest index, respectively.

In this present study genetic diversity of cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) populations were investigated using microsatellite markers. Total 51 samples were collected from Bandarabass and Bushehr regions. Tissue sample of arm tips (tentacle) were preserved in 96% ethanol alcohol until using in biotechnology laboratory of Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology. Genomic DNA was extracted with CTAB method. The quality and quantity of extracted DNA was assessed by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometry, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction conducted with 6 pairs of microsatellite primers. PCR products were electrophoresised on 8% polyacrylamide gel and stained with silver nitrate. These primers were shown 4 pairs of polymorph and 2 pairs of monomorp. Allele Sizes were measured in populations then genetic parameter were calculated using Arlequin and Gen Alex Programs and phylogenetic relationship was determinated and drawn using TFPGA Program. Result obtained showed genetic distance and resemblance distance is 0.282 and 0.754, respectively and genetic differentiation was present 0.031. The findings of present study showed low levels of genetic differentiation but significant between of populations and S. pharaonis were likely two different population. These findings provide useful information for conservation and management of this species in the Persian Gulf.

In this study, Population of Garra rufa was investigated using six microsatellite loci in Fars and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province (Shahpour and Berim Rivers). In this study fulfilled on 60 Garra individuals (30 individuals for each river). The mean number of allele’s level at the population was 13.5 which are more than the reported values for freshwater fishes. The expected and observed heterozygosity were 0.658 and 0.865, respectively. Most cases deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p≤0.01). It seems that there is a low differentiation between two populations of this species in the studied areas due to high level of gene flow (Nm=18.205) between two regions and low Fst (0.036). Also, analysis of molecular variance showed there is low genetic variation among populations and most of the observed variation is within the populations. a low differentiation between two populations of this species in the studied areas due to high level of gene flow (Nm=18.205) between two regions and low Fst (0.036). Also, analysis of molecular variance showed there is low genetic variation among populations and most of the observed variation is within the populations.

Large head hair tail lives in warm waters around the world and around the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. In this study, 310 samples from four populations of this species in the waters of Chabahar, East and West of Strait of Hormuz and waters of Bushehr were collected using trawl fishing method. The morphological and microsatellite analysis were performed on the samples. Morphological analysis based on the similarity of populations and individuals were studied using SPSS v.20 and Primer v.5 software. The average number of alleles per population was 7.00, the number of alleles per locus was 3-15 with an average of 7.17 and the observed and expected heterozygosis average were 0.32 and 0.75 respectively. Among the 7 studies microsatellite loci, 6 microsatellite loci had deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The highest value of Fst based on AMOVA between the population of large head hair tail in the west of Strait of Hormuz and in the Cabahar waters was 0.145 and the lowest value of Fst between the population of large head hair tail in the Bushehr waters and in the Chabahar waters was 0.095.

The aim of present study was to investigate the genetic diversity of Garra persica populations in the Beshar and Kabgiyan rivers in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province by using six microsatellite loci. In this study fulfilled on 56 Garra individuals. According to the results, the Fst value was 0.024 which indicates the low genetic differentiation between the populations. The number of alleles, observed and expected heterozygosity were, 7-25, 0.000-1.000 (the average: 0.595) and 0.767-0.946 (the average: 0.855), respectively. This indicates the allelic diversity and genetic variation of investigated populations is at favorable level. Also, analysis of molecular variance showed there is low genetic variation among populations and most of the observed variation is within the populations. According to these analyses, it seems that, Garra persica has desirable genetic diversity in investigated regions.

Because of the morphological plasticity of corals, especially in Acropora, in response to the environmental variations, the taxonomical studies of this genus, has always been difficult. That was the main reason behind the introduction of ecomorphes as species in many instances. One of the misidentified cases is that of Acropora clathrata which has been reported from the north and northeastern of the Persian Gulf, several times. But the presence of this species in the Persian Gulf has been questioned for many years by researchers. To answer this question once and for all, 74 colonies of both forms of Acropora downingi, or the two supposed species, A. downingi and A. clathrata, from three islands Larak, Farur and Khark located along the east–west axis of the Persian Gulf, were sampled and studied from both morphological and molecular points of view. Results of morphological studies demonstrated that the observed variations in the studied characteristics, were indeed intraspecific variations and all of the specimens belonged to the same species, i.e. A. downingi. The results were also confirmed by molecular studies, signifying the absence of A. clathrata in, at least, the north and northeastern parts of the Persian Gulf, if not in the Persian Gulf in general. Therefore, it was the other form of A. downingi which has been misidentified as A. clathrata.

Genetic structure of golden mullet, Liza aurata, investigated in the Gomishan and Anzali wetlands using six microsatellite primer sets (Muce55, Muce37, Muso10, Muco16, Muso19, and Muso22). Totally 60 samples of adult golden mullet were collected from these regions. All primer sets as polymorphic loci were used to analyze the genetic variation. Analyses revealed that average of alleles (Na) per locus was 5.3 (range 3 to 9 alleles) and in regions, samples of Gomishan wetland 5.1 and Anzali wetland 5.5 respectively. All sampled regions contained private alleles. The average estimates of inbreeding coefficients (Fis and Fit) values of 6 microsatellites were positive. The average observed and expected heterozygosity was in Gomishan wetland 0.153 and 0.721 and Anzali wetland 0.328 and 0.747 respectively. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were in all cases (P

Sharpnose mullet is an exotic species of Caspian Sea which was translocated from Black sea to Caspian Sea during 1930 to 1934 then colonized successfully and now it is commercial species of Caspian Sea. There are no information at molecular level about this species after 8 decade presence in Caspian Sea, therefor in order to investigation of genetic structure of Sharpnose mullet (L. saliens) in two regions, Babolsar (27 specimens) and Tonekabon (30 specimens), of Mazandaran Province was used 6 microsatellite loci. Results showed low allelic richness (Na=5) and high level of Heterozygosity (Ho=0.821). So genetic diversity of species this was very low relative to marine species. Also, genetic differentiation index between population was very low (0.032) due to natural migration and high gen flow (10.4) between these regions.

Oxynoemacheilu sangorae is an endemic freshwater fish of Iran. In the present study¡ six microsatellite markers were used to investigate population structure of stone loach (Oxynoemacheilusangorae) in gheshlagh (Kurdistan)¡ Sefidbarg and Gamasiab (Kermanshah) rivers. All of the applied loci showed polymorphism. The average numbers of allele and observed heterozygosity were 14.33 and 0.82 respectively¡ indicating proper allelic richness and genetic diversity of the species in studied regions. In studying deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium¡ 10 cases of 18 tests (3 populations in 6 loci) indicated significant deviation from the equilibrium. In this regard¡ significant heterozygosity deficiency was observed in some loci. In investigation of the indices of Fst (0.031) and Rst (0.04)¡ low genetic differentiation was observed among the samples of investigated regions. Results from analysis of molecular variance indicated that most of the observed diversity was within populations. Also¡ the highest genetic distance was observed among Sefidbarg and Gamasiab. UPGMA dendrogram and genetic distance values showed that there are probably separate populations of Oxynoemacheilu sangoraein investigated regions.

Common carp CyprinuscarpioL. is an important economic species in Caspian Sea. Genetic variability and differentiation of common carp investigated in and Gorgan rood estuary, Ramsar shoreline, Anzali wetland and Aras dam using microsatellite markers. A total of 100 specimens of adult common carp were sampled from regions. Seven pairs of microsatellites were tested on the common carp. In this study, only five primer pairs (MFW6,MFW7¡MFW9¡ SyP4 æ Ca3/4) were used successfully. Analyses revealed that the average of alleles per locus was 7.7 (range 2 to 12 alleles per locus in regions). All sampled regions contained private alleles. The average observed and expected heterozygosity was 0.790 and 0.863, respectively. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were seen in most cases. Average of Fis, Nm and FSTwere -0.104, 2.9 and 0.099 respectively. FSTbandRSTestimates in AMOVA indicated significant genetic differentiation among regions, indicating that the populations were divergent. The data generated in this study provides useful information on the genetic variation and differentiation in populations of common carp.

In order to identify genetic loci associated with flowering time in oriental-type tobacco, the genetic population comprising 100 F2 individuals from the cross between two oriental-type genotypes Basma Seres 31 (maternal) × SPT 406 (paternal) were evaluated for days to flowering character. In molecular experiment, linkage map with 23 SSR and 29 ISSR markers were prepared which covered 570/8 cM of tobacco genome. Using interval and composite interval mapping procedures, 9 and 2 QTLs were identified for studied character, respectively. In this study, the most identified QTLs were located on linkage group 5. Genetic loci qDF5-3 and qDF2-27, identified via interval mapping, with 0.8 and 36 percent of R2 were the minor and major QTLs, respectively. According to results, the percentage of phenotypic variance (R2) explained by identified QTLs through composite interval mapping (qDF5-1 and qDF5-2), ranged from 1.95 to 15.34. Results revealed the role of both additive and dominance effects in genetic control of days to flowering in oriental-type tobacco.

Esox lucius Linnaeus1758 is one of the economically valuable species of Caspian Sea. Genetic diversity of marine resources is of vital important in their management and protection.; seven microsatellite loci were used to investigate the genetic variation of 60 samples of Esox in Amir and Anzali wetlands of Gilan. Results showed conspicuous genetic variation in regions using Fst, AMOVA and a relatively high level of gene flow was found among populations.The average observed and expected heterozygosity was 0.626 and 0.662 respectively. Assessment of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium showed that all samples of studied showed significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p ≤ 0.05).There were evidences for genetic bottleneck in the populations. Cluster and molecular variance analysis showed two completely distinct population in these wetlands, and this subject must be considered by fishery organization to resource management of this species.