جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Rats » در نشریات گروه « زیست شناسی »

Glycyrrhiza Glabra is a Mediterranean perennial plant that its extract has glucose, asparagine, albumin materials, flavonoids, antioxidants, resins and so on, due to the presence of important medical and nutritional compounds, it has been considered by pharmaceutical and food industries. On the other hand, the existence of numerous therapeutic effects of licorice, as well as the identification of the potential protective role of licorice against Covid-19 disease and the increase in its consumption, increases the importance of investigating the effects of licorice consumption on other body systems. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract on sperm parameters and blood testosterone levels in male rate. Twenty-eight adult male rats, ranging in weight from 180 to 200 g were divided into four groups include control and three treatment groups which every group received 100, 200 or 300 doses of alcoholic extract by gavage daily for 10 days. The results of this study showed that the oral consumption of alcoholic extract of licorice plant at the rate 100 and 200 mg per body weight had no significant effect on sperm parameters and serum testosterone levels (p > 0.05) and only consumption of 300 mg/kg of body weight caused a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the average number of live sperms and their motility, as well as a significant decrease in the serum level of testosterone was observed in this dose (p < 0.05). But there was no significant effect on the weight of the testicles and the weight of the rats (p > 0.05). It seems that consuming high amounts of licorice extract has fertility-reducing effects in male rats, and this effect can be caused by the reduction of plasma testosterone.

Hyperlipidemia is one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of hydro-methanolic extract of fenugreek on the serum lipids and PPAR-gamma gene expression in the adipose tissue of hyperlipidemic rats. Thirty-six adult male rats randomly were divided into 6 groups including normal group, control hyperlipidemic group (received 10% lipid in food), positive control hyperlipidemic rats (received atorvastatin at dose of 10 mg/kg, daily) and experimental hyperlipidemic rats (received extract at doses 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, daily). After 8 weeks and 12 h fastening, the animals were weighted and anesthetized by ether. The liver was removed and weighted. The blood and adipose tissue sampling were done. The weight gain, liver index, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, AST and ALT levels were measured by kit and PPAR-gamma gene expression in the adipose tissue was evaluated by real-time PCR. The results showed that oral treatment of atorvastatin and extract of fenugreek decreased weight gain, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, AST and ALT levels and PPAR-gamma gene expression in adipose tissue, while increased serum HDL level in experimental hyperlipidemic rats compared to control hyperlipidemic rats, significantly. So, the extract of fenugreek improved lipid profile and then down-regulated PPAR-gamma gene expression in adipose tissue.

Heavy metals can have adverse effects on humans due to their toxic nature. One of the most important strategies to adjust the microbiota balance and improve the health status is the use of probiotics as beneficial live microorganisms.The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of probiotic mixture of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus heloticus on the induced effects of copper sulfate in the lung tissue of male rats.methods and Materials:In this experimental study, 21 male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups of 7: control, receiving copper sulfate and copper sulfate + probiotic mixture. Copper sulfate (200 mg/kg) three days in a row and probiotics (109 CFU/Ml) were gavage to the rats for 35 days. The samples were photographed and studied by hematoxylin-eosin staining and light microscopy.Examining the morphological changes of the lung tissue in the probiotic treatment group showed a reduction in tissue damage compared to the copper sulfate group. According to the findings of this research, probiotics can probably be used as a new strategy in a wide range of medicinal products. The goals of prevention or improvement of treatment methods were used.

Understanding how aerobic exercise with herbal supplements can cause structural changes in the heart could lead to the development of new treatments to improve heart health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training with stevia herbal supplement on heart tissue structure in obese rats.

To implementation of this experimental research, 25 male wistar rats (5 healthy adult rats and 20 adults’ obese male rats) were divided into five groups: control (healthy), obese, obese-garlic, obese-aerobic training and obese-garlic. Aerobic training was performed. Aerobic exercise was performed on treadmill, 5 days week for eight weeks. The dose of stevia was 250 mg per kilogram of body weight in gavage. After anesthesia, an autopsy was performed and heart tissue was removed. Cardiac tissue sections were studied by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. The changes of heart tissue, Muscle cells, necrosis, inflammation and hyperemia were assessed, the severity and degree of these changes were performed based on microscopic and photomicrographs observations.

The results showed that in obese rat’s pathological changes of heart muscle and heart cells were observed in comparison with the control group. Aerobic training, consumption of stevia herbal supplement and aerobic training with consumption of stevia herbal supplement were associated with improvement of tissue and cellular changes in heart tissue.

the present intervention can probably have benefits for the structure of heart tissue during obesity.

Molybdenum, as a trace and essential element has cofactor role in the structure of antioxidant enzymes. This study aimed at investigating the antioxidant role of sodium molybdate on cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced testicular toxicity in adult Wistar rats.

Eighty adult male rats were divided into ten groups, including healthy control, sodium molybdate alone, infertile control (3 mg/kg of CdCl2), and sodium molybdate plus CdCl2. The impacts of oral administration of sodium molybdate (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4mg/kg) was evaluated in healthy and infertile animals. After the end of the period, serum levels of testosterone, FSH and LH and changes in body weight and testicular,the number of embryos obtained from fertility evaluation.Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test.

Final body weight, weight gained, testicular weight and ratio of testicular weight to body weight, serum level of male sex hormones and number of fertility fetuses in infertile experimental groups treated with sodium molybdate were significantly different from the infertile control group (P< 0.05).

The current findings suggested that sodium molybdate performs as a strong protective agent from CdCl2-related testicular toxicity in rats.

One of the most important polluters of the environment is lead acetate. Probiotics are live microbes that are safe, useful and have antioxidant activity for the host. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of a mixture of native Iranian probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus heloticus) on changes in the small intestine tissue of male rats exposed to lead acetate.In this experimental study, 21 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 grams were randomly divided into three groups: intact, treated with lead acetate (10 mg/kg) and treated with lead acetate (10 mg/kg)+ native Iranian probiotic mixture (109 CFU mg/ml) were divided.After five weeks of treatment, the rats were completely anesthetized and the small intestine tissue was collected. After their fixation and processing, 5 micrometer tissue sections were prepared and E&H staining was done. Data were compared with SPSS software, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test.Examining the morphological changes of small intestine tissue (inflammation, thickness of muscle layer, height of villi and wound) in the treatment group with probiotics compared to the lead acetate group showed a decrease in tissue damage.According to the findings of this research, the use of a mixture of native Iranian probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus heloticus) can have a positive effect on reducing lead acetate-induced damage in the small intestine tissue.

Gold nanoparticles disturb the physiological processes of the liver tissue by affecting the body’s biological system. Given gingerol's antioxidant properties, researchers wanted to see how it affected the levels of liver enzymes and oxidative stress indices in the liver tissue of rats exposed to gold nanoparticles.This experimental research was conducted on 32 male Wistar rats, divided into four equal groups of control, gold nanoparticle (one administration of 0.5 ml gold nanoparticle, 200 ppm and 60 nanometers), gold nanoparticles + 50 mg/kg concentration of gingerol, and gold nanoparticles + 100 mg/kg gingerol. At the end of treatment period, the serum level of ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, and level of antioxidant enzymes of SOD < GST, and CAT, and levels of MDA and HOdG-8 in the liver tissue were measured using the ELISA method. In this study, rats receiving gold nanoparticles with concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/kg gingerol had significantly higher levels of SOD, GST, and CAT enzymes in their liver tissue than the dose-dependent group receiving gold nanoparticles. The serum levels of ALT, AST, GGT, and ALP, on the other hand, were reduced. Furthermore, the levels of MDA and HOdG-8 in rat liver tissue were found to be significantly lower (P <0.001).According to the results of study, gingerol improved the oxidative stress indices in liver tissue and decreased the serum level of liver enzymes. Therefore, this compound can be exploited to reduce DNA oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in liver tissue.

Tramadol the right drugs are synthetic opioid analgesics or Epoxied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral tramadol on Spleen in rats Wistar male rats.

In this study, 60 male Wistar rats randomized into 3 groups (1 control group, and experimental groups of 1, 2). In control group adequate serum physiology and in experimental groups a dose of mercuric chloride infused into peritoneal cavity, for 30 days. The amount of gavage tramadol were, 50ml /kg group 2, 100 ml /kg , every other day for 30 days. After the end of the day appointed for Histological analysis Some blood parameters of Spleen samples, were tested.

And & two experimental groups a very high density and exposure area is full of blood and lymphoid cells. Particles of hemosiderin in both groups showed a significant increase..

This study showed that long-term oral administration of Tramadol causes histological changes in the Spleen.

Inroduction & Objective:

Lifestyle modification, including physical activity and the use of herbal supplements, is an important part of the health, prevention and treatment of obesity and it’s associated with reduction in cardiovascular complications caused by obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic training and garlic supplementation on heart tissue structure in obese rats.

To implementation of this experimental research, 25 male rats (5 healthy adult rats and 20 adults obese male Wistar rats) were randomly divided into five groups: control (healthy), obese, obese-garlic, obese-aerobic training and obese-garlic. Aerobic exercises were performed. Supplement groups received garlic supplementation at rate of 250 mg per kg body weight as daily gavage during the intervention period. Aerobic exercise was performed on treadmill, 5 days week for eight weeks. After anesthesia, an autopsy was performed and heart tissue was removed. The changes of heart tissue, Muscle cells, necrosis, inflammation and hyperemia were assessed, the severity and degree of these changes were performed based on microscopic and photomicrographs observations.

The results showed that in obese rat’s pathological changes of heart muscle and heart cells were observed in comparison with the control group. Aerobic training and consumption of garlic reduced pathological changes in heart muscle tissue and heart cells. Also, the interaction of aerobic training and garlic supplementation was associated with the improvement of tissue and cellular changes in heart tissue.

According to the results, aerobic training with garlic supplementation can probably help improve changes in the structure of heart tissue during obesity.

Electromagnetic waves is effect factor on sexual glands and fertility The present study aimed to determine the effect of mobile phone waves and using garlic on sexual hormones in rats.

28 adult male rats with average weight of 236.5 g were selected. Rats were divided into 4 groups of 7. Experimental group A: Receiving 900 MHz microwave waves, experimental group B: receiving 20 ml the extract of cooked garlic, experimental group C: receiving 20 ml the extract of cooked garlic extract with microwave light at wave length 900 MHz, control group: untreated group with normal diet. Then the concentration of sexualhormones were measured.

Estrogen and hydroepiandrosterone levels that were exposured to electromagnetic wave were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P <0.05). The group with using garlic extract and receiving the wave of mobile phone simultaneously, there was a significant increasing in the concentration of estrogen, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone comparing to the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion and

Garlic extract could not offset the damaging effects of sexual hormones in rats were exposed to radiation and use garlic extract simultaneously.

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a glycoprotein produced during pregnancy by trophoblast and placental syncytiotrophoblast cells. The produced hCG hormone affects the corpus luteum and prevents it from being destroyed. Studies show that diamond nanoparticles (NDs) interact with biological systems such as proteins, enzymes, and antibodies. In other words, NDs are capable of being absorbed by biomolecules and can also be used as a carrier for the transport of biologically active substances. This study aimed to investigate the effect of NDs on hCG structure and on hCG level in Wistar rats.

The effect of 10 nm NDs on the structure of hCG was investigated using spectroscopic techniques. Rats were randomly divided into five groups: Control, sham, and experimental groups (received NDs solution at doses of 25, 75, and 100 mg/ml). Injections were carried out twice a week. Then, serum biochemical parameters were calculated. Data were analyzed utilizing one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test.

The results showed that NDs could form a complex with hCG. The zeta potential and DLS results showed that NDs cause a decrease in the surface charge and size of hCG. Administration of NDs in concentrations of 100 mg/ml significantly decreased hCG levels compared with that of control samples (P<0.05),

Based on the investigation NDs could change the tertiary structure of hCG. NDs had toxic effects on hCG function. More studies to explore the toxic effects of NDs in various doses and times of exposure seem to be necessary.

Chronic hyperglycemia is associated with enhanced oxidative stress-induced myocardial injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the of eight weeks aerobic training on the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the heart tissue of type 2 diabetic rats.

To implementation of this experimental research, 40 male Wistar rats (weight 185.2±22.7 gr) randomly were divided into 4 groups including control, diabetes, training and diabetes-training. In this study, the rats were type 2 diabetic using peritoneal injection nicotinamide-STZ. aerobic training performed with intensity of 50-60% VO2max, 5 days a week and for 8 weeks. The levels of the antioxidant catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in heart tissue were measured using kit and by ELISA method. Data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test at the p < 0.05.

The results showed that the levels of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) in the heart tissue of type 2 diabetic control rats was lower than the healthy control group (P=0.001). Eight weeks of aerobic training significantly increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) in the heart tissue of type 2 diabetic rats (P=0.001).

According to the research results, aerobic exercise may improve the cardiac function of diabetic subjects by increasing the antioxidant enzymes in the heart tissue. As a result, these training are recommended as adjunctive therapy in these patients.

Chicory is used in traditional medicine as a kidney protector and stone breakers. In this study, the effect of chicory stem aqueous extract on the prevention of calcium oxalate stone formation in the kidneys of rats was investigated. 24 male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups as follows: healthy control, received ethylene glycol and prevention groups (administered 50 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg intraperitoneal [i.p.] dose of chicory stem aqueous extract along with 1% ethylene glycol for 30 days. On days 0, 15, and 30, urine volume and the urinary levels of citrate, calcium, uric acid, creatinine, and pH and on day 31, the serum levels of calcium, uric acid, and creatinine were evaluated. RNA was extracted from kidney tissues and cDNA was synthesized. The expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α -coding genes’ were evaluated by real-time PCR technique. Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test in SPSS. In the prevention groups calcium urinary level (day 15 and dose 50 mg/kg), citrate (day 15) and serum calcium, uric acid, creatinine, as well as TNF-α expression had reduced significantly. Urine volume (day 30) and IL-1β-coding gene’ expression (200 mg/kg) had increased significantly. Cichorium intybus L. stem is probably causing a decrease in serum parameters and urine calcium at the dose of 50 mg/kg due to its diuretic properties. But at the dose of 200 mg/kg, it has no effects on preventing nephrolithiasis and increases renal inflammation caused by increased IL-1β and some urinary parameters.

Zinc ion is the second essential element in living organisms and is necessary for lots of enzymes activity e. g. alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. This ion also takes part in biological processes as human growth, immune response, and nerve function. Zinc deficiency causes significant decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase or increase in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activity. Increase in these two later enzymes, in turn, is an indicator of tissue damage even though there are controversies among researchers. Accordingly, we decided to study the effect of 0. 6 gm/L of zinc sulfate in drinking water in a period of 3 months treatment on serum activities of hepatic enzymes in adult rats. Twenty female rats were selected in two equal groups as control and treated groups. For a period of three months, zinc sulfate dissolved in tap water was used to drink by the treated group while the control group drank tap water. Both groups had full access to pellet food during this study. Serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphates and lactate dehydrogenase were measured finally. Zinc sulfate significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase while it showed no effects on the three other enzymes. Dietary zinc sulfate not only exerts no damage to liver but also as food supplement seems to have protective effect on this organ.

Gastric ulcer is benign disease in the digestion system which is caused by a small ulcer in the mucus Astro of stomach.One of the ways to cure ulcer is using medicinal herbs.The medicinal herb which is helpful in curing the gastric is Ricinus Communis. Oil of ricinus is anti-bacterial, antivirus and antifungal. It contains risin oil, antioxidant, tanen and vitamin A, E and C that reduces inflammation of the ulcer. In this investigation, 60 male rats weighing 240-280 grams were provided. They got divided into 8 groups randomly, each including 12 rats. Control, sham and experiment group 1, 2, 3 with 50, 100,200 mg/kg for ricinus . rats were not fed 48 hours, 2h given water before surgery. Gastric was caused by injecting acetic acid to where there were no vessels. One day after causing the gastric, oil was given to the rats through gavage tube with different doses. The rats were killed in the day 4, 7, 10 and 14 and their stomachs were extracted and the dimensions of ulcer calculated on the basis of millimeter square. After cutting samples and providing Lam with hematoxylin and eosin stain. the percentage of recovery in oil of ricinus in three doses (50, 100 , 200 mg/kg) in the day 4, 7, 10 and 14 had a meaningful increase in comparison with Sham and control group (P

Aim and Herbal treatment is very common around the world. The use of medicinal plants has increased due to chemical drugs side effects. The species of the genus sclerorhachis of the compositae family are endemic to Iran; S. platyrachis. There are no reports regarding the toxicity of methanolic extract of S. platyrachis. The aim of the study was to determine LD50 of s. platyrachis methanolic extract on the exprimental animal and its side effect on the some organs.
The Sclerorhachis platyrachis collected from around of Sabzevar City. After drying, the methanolic extracts that were prepared by Soxhlet method, and doses of 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, 2250 mg/kg of body weight was injected intraperitoneally animal groups. Finally, After determining the probability of death of animals during the period under study, The liver, heart, testis and lung tissue sections were prepared and possible changes made after hematoxylin and eosin staining, pathology were examined.
The concentrations used in this study, the LD50 in rats by intraperitoneal injection could not be determined. Also certain pathological changes in tissues of the organs were not observed.
after Sclerorhachis platyrachis methanolic extract injected intraperitoneally to rats, certain side effects do not show and can be used in future studies to determine the potential impact on different diseases benefited somewhat from a minimum of side effects related to this type of dilution of the extract tested in this study and in the case of certain intraperitoneal injection.

Zinc has beneficial effects in diabetic animals. The positive effects of garlic in lowering blood sugar and complications (side effect) of diabetes have been reported.
Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive effect of zinc sulfate combined with garlic flower extract on diabetes induction by (STZ) in male rats.
21 adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (n=7),
Normal control group, which received regular food and water during 45 days and on 15th day were injected normal saline, the positive control group (diabetic by STZ at a dose 40mg/kg on the fifteenth day), and preventive treatment groups, receiving combined of flowers garlic extract at a dose 360mg/Lit and zinc sulfate at a dose 36mg/lit in drinking water during 15-days treatment period before were used to diabetes. STZ (40mg/kg intraperitoneally) was injected after treatment.
The insulin hormone measured by radioimmunoassay with special kits and blood glucose measured by using enzymatic colorimetric methods.
Serum level of insulin in the preventive treatment group increased significantly (p The results showed that a combination of garlic extract and zinc sulfate as preventive agents in induced diabetes give rise to increasing of insulin and decreasing of blood glucose.

Hyperlipidemia is one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of essential oil dill on the lipid profile in hyperlipidemic rats.
Thirty-six adult male rats were divided into 6 groups including normal group, control hyperlipidemic group (received 10% lipid in food), hyperlipidemic rats (received atorvastatin at dose of 10 mg/kg, daily) and experimental hyperlipidemic rats (received essential oil of dill at doses 0.5, 1 and 2 ml/kg, daily). After 8 weeks and 12 h fastening, the animals were weighted and anesthetized by ether. The blood and liver sampling was done. The serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, VLDL, AST and ALT levels were measured by kit. The liver sections were stained by haematocilin-eosin method.
The result showed that oral treatment of atorvastatin and essential oil of dill decreased weight gain, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, AST and ALT levels and liver damaged, while increased serum HDL level in experimental rats in comparison to control hyperlipidemic rats, significantly. So, essential oil of dill improved lipid profile in hyperlipidemic animal and has antioxidant effect with improving liver tissue and function.

Studies show that Aloe Vera extract can affect the animals reproductive physiological functions. Paraquat is a strong herbicide which is absorbed through respiration, digestion and skin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of aloe vera extract on the ovary tissue of rats treated with paraquat. 72 female rats were divided into nine groups of control, sham groups and seven experimental groups. Control group received nothing. Sham group just received serum. Experimental groups 1 to 3 received 10, 20 and 40 mg / KgB.W. of aloe vera extract. The fourth experimental group received 4 mg/KgB.W. of paraquat. The experimental groups 5 to 7 received 10, 20 and 40 mg / KgB.W. of aloe vera extract and 4 mg / Kg of paraquat. The results show that the number of initial, primitive, and secondary follicles reduced in experimental group 4 but increased significantly in the second experimental group compared with control groups. Atresia follicles increased significantly in the fourth experimental groups compared with the other groups (P