جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Survival » در نشریات گروه « زیست شناسی »

Cancer remains a global health problem, with ovarian cancer ranking fifth among cancers affecting women and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. There are different types pf ovarian cancer, including Epithelial ovarian cancer, Stromal tumors and Germ cell tumors.  Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common type that includes several subtypes, including serous carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma. To this end, several factors have been identified to increase your risk of ovarian cancer, including older age, inherited gene changes, family history of ovarian cancer, being overweight or obese, postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy, endometriosis, and never having been pregnant. The current strategies to treat ovarian cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapies, and hormone therapy. Scientists continue to investigate the foundational mechanisms involving cancer development, as well as to find new drugs and metabolites having the capacity to control cancer. Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), a critical metabolite in the Krebs cycle involved in cellular energy production and the regulation of gene expression. Recent studies have shown that AKG may have the potential to enhance the efficacy of cancer treatments, by modulating the tumor microenvironment and improving the immune response against cancer cells. This study investigates the effect of AKG on ovarian cancer cells.

SKOV3 cells were obtained from Tehran University and cultured in complete culture medium (RPMI, 10% Fetal bovine serum (FBS), and 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin (Pen/Strep)). To find the proper concentration of AKG, SKOV3 cells were cultures in 96-well plate, and treated with different concentration of AKG (range 20 to 220 µM). After 24 and 48 h, the viability of the cells was determined using MTT assay. Based on the results obtained from viability assay, 200 μM of AKG was selected for the next assessments. To evaluate the effect of AKG on SKOV3 cell proliferation using plotting a growth curve, cells were cultured in the presence (200 μM AKG) and absence of AKG, and counted the number of cells every 24h for one week. To determine the population doubling time (PDT), the cells were cultured in the presence (200 μM AKG) and absence of AKG for 72h, then the cell were collected and the number of living cells was counted using Neubauer Chamber. The PDT was calculated using a related standard method. To assess colony formation potential, the SKOV3 cell were cultured in the presence (200 μM AKG) and absence of AKG. After 7 days, the cells were fixed using 10% formalin solution, then the colonies were stained using crystal violet dye, and the number of colonies were counted using inverted microscope. To investigate the effect of AKG on the migration rate of SKOV3 cells, the cells were cultured in complete medium to reach 85% confluence, then treated with mitomycin (10 μM) for 3h, then Created a scratch in the cell monolayer using a sterile pipette tip. the cells were cultured in the presence (200 μM AKG) and absence of AKG for 3 days. The images of the scratch were taken at regular intervals using a microscope, and the closure of the scratch over time was analyzed. To analyze the cell cycle profile, the SKOV3 cell were cultured in the presence (200 μM AKG) and absence of AKG for 48h. Then, the cells were collected and analyzed using a flow cytometry.

Based on the MTT assay, 200 μM AKG was determined as the proper concentration to investigate other biological behaviors of SKOV3 cells. Colony forming assay showed a decrease in the number and size of colonies in the AKG-treated group (P<0.05). In addition, the cell doubling time increased in the treatment group, indicating slower growth rate (P<0.05). Growth curve analysis confirmed reduced cell growth in treated group. Cell cycle analysis showed a higher percentage of treated cells arrested in S and G1 phases. The scratch assay showed slow cell migration and metastasis in the cells treated with 200 µM AKG.

In conclusion, AKG has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation, viability, migration in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells, highlighting its potential as an adjuvant treatment with existing therapies. More research is necessary to fully investigate the therapeutic effect of AKG in ovarian cancer.

In this study, rainbow trout diploid, triploid, and tetraploid were comparatively investigated regarding the growth ‎performance, survival rate, and erythrocyte characteristics. For the triploid production, the fertilized eggs received 26.5 ℃ ‎thermal shock under three treatments: 1. double 1-min shock after 15 and 30 min of the fertilization, 2. one 15-min shock ‎after 15 min of the fertilization, and 3. one 12-min shock after 20 min of the fertilization. Tetraploidy was induced by ‎application of 28 ℃ thermal shock under three treatments: 1. 10-min shock after 59 degree-hours of the fertilization, 2. 10-‎min shock after 66 degree-hours of the fertilization, and 3. 10-min shock after 72 degree-hours of the fertilization. The best ‎triploidization results, 66.6% survival rate and 87% triploidization rate, achieved by application of 12-min shock after 20 ‎min of the fertilization. The best tetraploidization results, 54.9% survival rate and 7.94% triploidization rate, achieved by ‎application of 10-min shock after 59 degree-hours of the fertilization. There were no significant differences between the ‎triploid and diploid fish, wheras the tetraploids showed significantly lower growth rate than the diploids. In conclusion, in ‎this study, triploid and tetraploid production of rainbow trout were improved, and application of erythrocyte cell size as a ‎reliable and efficient polyploidy detection method was emphasized.‎

Abstract Chlorine is an effective disinfection agent to kill pathogenic microorganisms in the municipal water treatment system. However, despite treatment, studies have shown that Acanthamoeba is isolated from different water sources in Iran. In this study, the effect of standard concentrations of chlorine used in urban water treatment systems was evaluated on the survival of Acanthamoeba castellanii and its ultrastructure. Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts were exposed to different concentrations (1-10 ppm) of calcium hypochlorite at different times (30 minutes, 1 and 2 hours). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to study the ultrastructural changes of amoebic trophozoite. This study showed that conventional chlorine concentrations could not completely eliminate A. castellanii trophozoites and cysts. Cysts were more resistant to different chlorine concentrations and compared to trophozoites, fewer cysts were killed at the same chlorine concentration and exposure time. Alteration of the cell membrane permeability, decrease in the number of pseudopodia, increase in mitochondria, vacuolation of the cytoplasm, and changes in the endoplasmic reticulum were the main ultrastructural changes in the chlorine-treated amoeba. This study showed that standard chlorine concentrations used as a disinfectant could not eliminate the trophozoites and cysts of A. castellanii. Due to the pathogenicity of the amoeba and its role as the reservoir and transmission of microbial agents, revising the guidelines for using disinfectants such as chlorine in the treatment of urban water systems is highlighted by this study.

Salinity is one of the most important non-biological stresses that has an adverse effect on the growth and production of crops. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is sensitive to salt stress. This study was performed to select the salt tolerance genotypes of chickpea. For this purpose, 72 genotypes were screened for dSm-112 salinity tolerance. This study was performed in a completely randomized design with three replications as hydroponic culture. Among the studied genotypes, 53 genotypes had a survival of more than 75%, and no genotype had a survival of less than 25%. The highest mean content of soluble carbohydrates, total phenol, proline, osmotic potential, inhibition of free radical activity of DPPH and relative water content were observed in genotypes with a survival range of 100-76%. The mean malondialdehyde content was highest in genotypes with a survival range of 50-26%. The results of cluster analysis showed the relative superiority of the second group genotypes including MCC1037, MCC1212, MCC1286, MCC1138, MCC1278, MCC1129, MCC1140, MCC1234, MCC1299, MCC1289, MCC1041, MCC1132, MCC1276, MCC1211, MCC1211 and MCC1010 in most of the studied traits. Chickpea genotypes appear to use a variety of mechanisms to tolerate salinity, which helps to replace more salinity-tolerant genotypes in tolerant chickpea.

Compounds used in pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic should be non-toxic. One of the toxicity tests is performed using Artemia spp. as sensitive organisms to various toxins. In these tests, various characteristics of these larvae are investigated. One of the most commonly used factors is evaluation of the survival and death rate of larvae. Detection of live and dead larvae is based on the motility of larvae. However, the rapid movement of larvae makes it difficult to count, and thus the reliability of the test decreases. This study aimed to develop a program for the automatic differentiation of live and dead larvae and their counting in a short time and with high precision. In this regard, a program was designed using image processing rotes to distinguish larvae in MATLAB software. Motility of larvae was detected by image subtraction. The program receives images sent from the camera at two time range (20 seconds) at the end of incubation period and then processes. At each interval, the background is calculated for the same interval. This will cause larvae that have died so far to be added to the background and not counted in the detection of live larvae. Eventually, the program could accurately count live and dead larvae. There is no significant difference between findings from the program and the findings provided by the expert user (P>0.05). Benefits of this improved test with programming are lack of need to aseptic conditions, costly materials and equipment and user presence as well as reduced errors.

Iran has different populations of Artemia that live in different climates and ecological conditions. Physicochemical conditions of lakes and lagoons have intensified the allopatric Artemia speciation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of one of the ions in these climates so that Artemia can be cultivated semi-naturally in some wetlands of Golestan province.

To do this, the effect of four treatments (10, 16, 33, and 50%) of magnesium sulfate instead of other salts on cyst and growth parameters of Artemia franciscana was studied.

There was a significant difference between the experimental groups in the Artemia growth index (P <0.05). Maximum and minimum body lengths were observed in the control and 50% magnesium sulfate groups, respectively. Also, 33 % magnesium sulfate treatment showed a significant decrease in growth rate compared to the control treatment (p <0.05) but did not show a significant difference with 50% magnesium sulfate treatment (P <0.05). At low concentrations of magnesium sulfate growth rate insignificantly decreased in Artemia compared to control treatment. The highest and the lowest survival percentage were observed in control and 50% magnesium sulfate, respectively. On the 15th day, the maximum and minimum survival rate was 83 % and 46% in control and 50% magnesium sulfate treatment, respectively. The highest hatching percentage was observed in the control treatment and the lowest was observed in the 50% magnesium sulfate treatment. Increasing magnesium sulfate concentration significantly decreased the number of nauplii but increased the number of non-hatched cysts (P <0.05). Moreover, the highest number of umbrella stages of Artemia was observed in the treatment with 50% magnesium sulfate. Maximum and minimum hatch efficiency were insignificantly observed in control and 50% magnesium sulfate treatments, respectively. The highest mortality of nauplii was significantly observed in the treatment with maximum magnesium sulfate.

The results of this study showed that magnesium sulfate in high-level amounts limits the hatching and growth of Artemia which should not be introduced to such climates.

Gourami is an important freshwater ornamental fish remarkable to fish lovers due to its variety of colors and high compatibility in the aquarium environment as well as its special beauty. The gourami is a member of the order Suffolk and is a suborder of labyrinthine fish. It is an herbivorous fish, but in artificial aquarium conditions, it also eats live foods such as Artemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using estradiol on reproductive characteristics of golden gourami fish. This experiment was aimed at prematurely maturing and producing more fish in a shorter time and at a lower cost in ornamental fish breeding workshops. In this study, 150 golden gourami fish in five groups of 10 (including one control group and four treatment groups, each with three replications) were studied for two months with diets containing different concentrations of estradiol (5.5. 0, 1, 1.5, 2 mg/kg dry diet). Biometrics of samples including standard length and total weight were performed every two weeks and fish reproduction indices were calculated at the end of the period. The results showed that the higher the dose of estradiol, the higher the reproductive index. Since one of the goals of experts is to increase the fertility of fish, according to the results of this study, the use of estradiol is recommended to improve the growth status of fish.

In this study, the effect of feeding with different sources of zinc supplements on reproductive indices of male rainbow trout was investigated. Feeding treatments for 16 weeks of research period included: (1) male broodstock fed with diet containing 40mg/kg of inorganic zinc, (2) male broodstock fed with diet containing 40mg/kg of zinc nanoparticles, (3) male broodstock fed with diet containing 40mg/kg of organic zinc and (4) male broodstock fed with zinc-free diet (control). Breeding and fertilization were performed for different treatments using the control of female oocytes. The highest percentage of fertilization eyed eggs and hatched eggs were observed in rainbow trout broodstock fed with diet containing 40mg/kg of inorganic zinc. Sperm concentration, volume, and motility duration, as well as hematocrit percentage, were higher in all treatments supplemented with zinc compared to control. Offspring survival up to 1g of weight was significantly higher in fish fed with diet containing inorganic zinc than other treatments (P<0.05). The results of this study showed that zinc supplements would play an important role in improving the capability and functional performance of male rainbow trout.

Present study aimed to enhance resistance to drought stress Calotrope Seedlings Using AMF is conducted under greenhouse conditions for six months. So an experiment with two levels of inoculum (Control and AMF) and six levels of water stress (3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 days irrigation interval) as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications was formed. The highest percentage of mycorrhizal colonization in seedlings under drought 3 days was showed at a rate of 43 percent. The rate of photosynthesis and transpiration in plants 9.06 and 0.35 respectively that with increasing intensity of drought has resulted in a reduction parameters. N concentration in leaves and roots of the seedlings were inoculated and control showed significant differences in stress levels. Water use efficiency amount is 0.55 under drought stress 6-day mycorrhizal fungi inoculation was observed. Results of this study indicated that, with regard to the role of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Enhance and facilitate the uptake of water and elements of the nutritional, increasing the volume of the roots, creating root colonization and improvement of physiological variables interval of drought to 9 days.

Inroduction & Objective: The growth rate and survivability and blood parameters level are as the base of studies in environmental stress in fish body. The goal of this study is to find the effect of different salinity stress on blood parameters in reared shirbot (Arabibarbus grypus) fish for determine the suitable condition of growth and survivability and physiologic tolerance during transforming into the waters with different levels of salinity. For this purpose, 120 pieces of baby fish with total length: 15±5 cm, mean weight: 30±5 gr in 300 liter fiberglass tanks, mean temperature: 25.16±1.47Ċ, include four different salinity concentrations :<5 P.P.T , 10 P.P.T , 15 P.P.T with 3 replicant during 30 days were raised. The fish were fed with concentrated food 3% body weight twice a day. The fish biometric for growth assessment at the beginning and at end of the course. After 30 days, growth factors (increase body weight%, special and daily growth rate), survival and then blood parameters (Hb, HCT, RBC, WBC, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Neutrohpil, MCV, MCH& MCHC) were measured. According to the results, salinity increase cause to significant decrease of; increase body weight%, special and daily growth rate and survival (P<0.05). Also no significantly difference of the blood parameters regarding to effect of salinity stress on fishes seen (P>0.05), but neutrophil shows significant increase and maximum level of it was in 15 PPT. Based on the results, considering the reduction of growth factors and survival rates with increasing salinity, especially in salinity higher than PPT5, although blood parameters were not affected by the adaptation process, but fresh water seems to be the best treatment and salinity of PPT5 By controlling other environmental conditions, the maximum salinity (critical limit) of water is for the economic development of the young fish.

In this study, the effect of methanol extract of Tribulus terrestris (MET) in different treatments containing control group (without using plant extract), 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g MET /kg diet on growth performance, body chemical composition and activity of oxidant enzymes of grey mullet Mugil cephalus were investigated in triplicate for 60 days. In each 60 litre 20 water tank, 20 fish with initial average weight of 8.42±0.43g were stored. At the end of the experiment, the results showed that there was no significant difference in growth parameters (FW, BWG, PER, SGR and CF), between all treatments and control group (P>0.05). Increasing of survival rate were observed in 3 and 4 compared with control treatment. The crude protein and moisture of  treatment 4 significantly increased compared to other treatments (P<0.05). The crude fat significantly decreased in 3 and 4 treatments compared to control and treatment 2 (P<0.05).The activity of superoxidedismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) enzymes have been increased more significantly in treatment 4 compared with the control treatment (P<0.05). Also, the value of malondialdehyde (MDA) was lower in all treatments compared to the control treatment (P<0.05). MDA value has been the most lowest in 3 and 4 treatments compared with the control treatment (P<0.05).So, based on the results, in order to reduce lipid oxidation and improve the carcass duality and survival status of fish, it is recommended to use 15 g methanol extract of Tribulus terrestris /kg diet of grey mullet fish.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum supplementation as probiotic on body composition, growth performance, nutrient efficiency indices, and survival in Astacus leptodactylus. For this purpose, 96 crayfishes (27.88 ± 0.27) were randomly distributed into twelve 100-liter fiberglass tanks, (eight crayfish per tank). Crayfishes were fed with different levels of L. plantarum inclusion comprising 0 (control), 107 (T1), 108 (T2) and 109 (T3) CFU g-1 diet for97 days. Feeding was conducted at a rate 1.5 % of body weight on a daily basis at 9 am and 4 pm. At the end of the feeding trials, crayfish in the T3 showed significantly higher protein and lipid levels compared to the control (P < 0.05). Moreover, protein and lipid efficiency ratio (PPV and LPV respectively) were enhanced in the T3 compared to the control (P < 0.05). In the present study, none of the probiotic supplemented groups showed significant differences in the growth performance parameters and survival rate compared to the control (P > 0.05). These results revealed efficiency of L. plantarum as probiotic on body composition and nutrient efficiency indices in A. leptodactylus.

This experiment was undertaken on Cyprinus carpio (mean body weight 19/000±3/570) to study the effect of Banana peel powder on growth, survival and body composition. Two hundred forty juveniles were randomly distributed into 4 treatments each with three replicates and reared in 135 liter tanks for 2 month. Three experimental treatments were fed with Banana peel powder supplemented diet at three different concentration (5, 10, 15 %) control group were feed with non –supplemented diets. At the end of treatments following growth parameters condition factor, specific growth rate, relative growth rate, weight gain ,length gain, food conversion ratio ,protein efficiency ratio were measured .Chemical properties of fillet including the amount of fat, crude protein, fiber, carbohydrate, ash and moisture were measured before and at the end of treatment. . Results show that there was significant effect on specific growth rate (1.515±0/090)and protein efficiency ratio (0.915±0/010) among fish fed with Banana peel powder supplemented diet at 10% and that of the control(p<0.05). According to the chemical properties, significant difference was observed between all experimental groups and control group (p<0.05). Fish fed with Banana peel powder supplemented diet at 5% had the highest value of fat (2.230±0.111) and carbohydrates (0.830±0.081) between all treatments. The highest value of protein (20.550± 0.065).ash (2.493±0.119) and moisture (0.213±0.011) was recorded for fish that were fed with Banana peel powder supplemented diet at 15%. The survival rate was recorded 100% in all experimental and control treatments.

Garlic plant due to organophosphorus compounds can be used as growth promoters and immune system of shrimp. In this study the effect of diets containing 0, 0.5, 1 and 2% powder of garlic (Allium sativum) were evaluated on the weight rate, length rate, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conservation rate (FCR), feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei with weight average 8.64 gr for 60 days. The results indicated weight, length average and SGR of shrimp fed diet 2% (15.42 g, 16.2 cm and 237.368 %, respectively) were significantly higher than other treatment (P0.05). Also, FCE of shrimp fed diet 2 % was significantly increased and FCR of them were significantly lower than other treatments (P

Khorasanicum currant (Ribes khorasanicum) is one of the endemic species of monogenus Grossulariaceae family which its natural regeneration has been encountered with severe reduction due to livestock grazing, low seeds regeneration potential. It is mainly regenerated by vegetative method via rhizome. Since, the successfulness of regeneration using seed culture and cutting method was not acceptable. So, one of the recommended possible method for conservation of endangered species is multiplying and preservation them using in vitro tissue cultures techniques. But, one of the most probable problems of micropropagated plantlets is the acclimatization to in vivo conditions and high mortality of tissue cultured plantlet during this process. Thus, this research was conducted to find out the most suitable acclimatization medium for this valuable medicinal endemic species. For this purpose the effect of different substrate compounds including peat moss, cocopeat, perlit and soil was evaluated on survival, height and root characteristics during acclimatization process. Results showed that, significant differences were observed in plantlets height, survival percentage, vigourity and leaf numbers between different substrates. But different substrates, has no significant effects on plantlets crown area. Results of analysis of variance on rooting characteristics showed that, significant differences were observed in root numbers, root length and plantlet root length. Totally, according to plantlets characteristics such as: survival percentage, vigourity, plantlet height, leaf numbers and plantlets root length, can be concluded that the best substrate for acclimatization of this species was peat moss substrates.

In this study, the effects of different levels (control group (0), 1, 2 and 3 gr Inulin per Kg diet) of prebiotic Inulin as nutritional supplement were investigated on growth indices (Specific growth rate, Weight gain, Condition factor, Food conversion rate and Survival rate) on Zebra fish for 4 months. Larvae were fed with experimental diets from the beginning of feeding until adult (adolescence) (average weight: 67.1 g, length: 4.5 cm). Different levels of inulin had no significant effect on rate survival (P