جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « شیرابه زباله » در نشریات گروه « محیط زیست »

The use of natural processes, including the physiological potential of plants, is a suitable solution. In this study in order to assess the effect of waste leachate and industrial wastewater on the absorption of heavy metals by the Vetiver plant, two separate factorial experiments were performed in the crop year 2020-2021 as a completely randomized design. Experiment treatments factors included waste leachate and industrial wastewater use separately on 5 levels (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) in three replications (B1, B2, B3) and two irrigation periods of 5 and 10 days (A5, A10). The amount of iron, zinc, copper, manganese, potassium, and sodium measured in vetiver showed waste leachate had a significant effect at the level of 5% (P <0.05). Meanwhile, the use of industrial wastewater had a significant effect on the amount of iron, zinc, copper, manganese, and sodium absorbed by the vetiver at the level of 5% (P <0.05) but it had no significant effect on the potassium amount (P> 0.05). R4A1 and W5A1 treatments showed a relatively good response with a decrease in biomass production below 10% compared to the control treatment. According to the results, the Vetiver species has relatively high compatibility in the absorption of heavy metals with unconventional waters and can have a special application for soil and water protection.

Caspian forest of Iran with an area of approximately 1.8 million hectares with more than 80 species of trees and 50 species of shrubs have been identified as the oldest forests in the world which belong to the third geological period. Increasing growth of human population and the development of industries to response of its demands, cause to production of various types of waste. Select landfill without regard to environmental issues poses many threats to the environment, choosing the right place and location for landfill is essential. Accumulation of waste in the forest increases heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, nickel and chromium. Some trees are very sensitive to leachate from sewage and dry out quickly. Hyrcanian forests are one of important reserve habitat in our country. There are many various natural and human threats on it that cause many problems in its ecosystem. One of these threats is landfill forest. Also, the lack of effective studies to determine the negative effects of landfills on forest ecosystems, the purpose of the present study identifies the negative effects of landfills in forest areas in Zarandin region of Neka city.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of landfills in forest lands on heavy metals (lead, cadmium, nickel and chromium) and tree species in Zarandin region. The study area is a forest ecosystem around Zarandin landfill with an area of about 26 hectares located 9 km southeast of Neka city. The important tree species and shrubs of the area can considered to Zelkova carpinifolia (Pall.) k.koch, Parrotia persica C.A.Mey , Quercus castaneifolia C.A.Mey, Carpinus betulus L., Acer velutinum Boiss, Alnus subcordata C.A.Mey ,(Acer cappadocicum Gled ,Diospyros lotus L., Mespilus germanica L, Crataegus microphylla k.koch , Prunus divaricate Ledeb. Along the leachate channel, 10 sampling stations were selected up to a distance of 1000 meters from the landfill. Stations were chosen at intervals of 100 meters along the channel. each sampling station includes of two points; one point at the edge of the channel and the second point at a distance of 20 meters from the channel. Soil samples were taken with three replications. A forest area adjacent to the landfill with similar environmental and floristic characteristics but far from the direct impact of the landfill was selected as a control area. in the control section 10 samples were taken. At each station, soil samples were prepared for laboratory operations. Vegetation inventory were also performed in all plots. The selected plots were similar in terms of slope, general direction and height to minimize the impact of environmental conditions and topography on the comparisons. Plots 20 × 20 m were used to study tree and shrub species and plots 1 *1 m were used to analysis of tree species generation and grass coverage.Determination of heavy metal concentrationsSoil samples were tested to determine the concentrations of the heavy metals lead, nickel, cadmium and chromium. For chemical analysis, the concentration of heavy metals in the soil is weighed 1 gram of each sample dried by a digital scale and poured into Erlenmeyer containers. Then 10 cc of concentrated nitric acid is added to it and placed on a digester (Hot block digester) and placed at a low temperature of 130 ° C for 1 hour and then 400 cc of hydrogen peroxide is added to it. Samples are filtered with S&S filter paper in 50cc c-balloons and the filtered solution is reduced to 50cc using deionized water and poured into plastic containers (Heinrichs et al., 1986).Enrichment factorIn order to investigate and evaluate soil contamination in the study area, the results of heavy metal analysis with NFSI index (Utermann et al., 2019) were compared and the enrichment factor of all samples was calculated.The concentration of elements compared to the normal concentration was measured using the enrichment factor. The following equation was used to calculate this factor.EF = Se / ReEF is the enrichment factor, Se is the concentration of elements in the soil and Re is the concentration of elements in the reference material. The classification of enrichment factor values in determining the degree of contamination is given in the table below (enrichment factor value classification table) (Bhuiyana et al., 2010).Table 1: Classification of enrichment factor valuesFactor amount Pollution degreeNo pollution 0No pollution to moderate pollution 1moderate pollution 2Medium to strong pollution 3strong pollution 4strong pollution to Very strong pollution 5Very strong pollution 6The results showed that the pH and EC in the soil of the contaminated area increased and the concentration of all studied metals in the contaminated area compared to the control area showed a significant difference (P <0.05). The density of Parrotia persica, Carpinus betulus and Zelkova carpinifolia in the infected plot was lower than the control plot. Quecus castanifolia did not show a significant difference but the number of Acer sp in the infected area showed a significant increase. Also, reproduction of Carpinus betulus, Quecus castanifolia and Zelkova carpinifolia in the infected area, a significant decrease and Parrotia persica and Acer regeneration in the infected plot showed a significant increase.

Finally, the results of this study showed that the acidity, concentration of lead, nickel, chromium, cadmium in the soil of the landfill and its margin was significantly higher than the soil of the control area. Soil factors such as pH and EC was high in soil samples in infected area. Also, the results of density of tree and shrub showed that the difference in species density between infected and control plots was significant in all species except Quecus castanifolia. The number of Parrotia persica and Carpinus betulus and Zelkova carpinifolia tree stocks showed a significant decrease in the infected area.Finally, the results of this study showed that municipal waste landfilling has significant effects on the chemical properties of forest soil, so providing the necessary facilities for waste management such as waste incinerators and compost factories in these areas is necessary. It is also necessary to conduct more extensive studies in order to obtain comprehensive information for optimal forest management and reduction of pollution and its spread in forest areas.

Heavy metals are dangerous for living organisms and are causing many problems. These metals can enter the food chain in different ways and cause severe illness and sometimes fatal, so it is crucial to monitor the pollution of heavy metals. Among the human various sources of landfills, where the possibility of heavy metals in them are great, and these elements are then absorbed through the food chain, monitoring of these elements is essential in these areas seems. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of toxic metals contamination in landfill Angeli Si of Babol city using bird feathers and leachate. Therefore, to achieve this objective in the study area, a feathers of black kite birds, because food diet and Gathering place, with leachate to measurement heavy metals concentration, were sampled and prepared. The metals concentration was determined using the ICP instrument and Mercury Analyzer AMA 254 for Hg. The results showed that Cd and Hg have the concentration highest (11.5 mg/kg) and lowest (4 mg/kg) respectively in bird feathers. General the pattern of heavy elements distribution in the bird, are the following: Cd> Pb> As> Hg.

This study aimed to environmentally evaluate the metal contamination trend in soils surrounding municipal solid waste landfill in Tonekabon, Iran. Hence, 29 soil samples were collected from the landfill, agricultural fields, a forest, and a river; and 3 soil samples were collected as controls. Concentrations of pb, Cd, As, Cr, Zn, and Mo were determined by Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) using standard methods. The adsorption assessment results of lead, cadmium, arsenic, chromium, zinc, and molybdenum were 50.51, 27.48, 28.58, 26.20, 50.27 and 43.33 mg/kg, respectively. Contamination factor analysis showed cadmium, arsenic, and molybdenum were highly contaminating. Also, the amount of geoaccumulation and ecological risk of cadmium and molybdenum were very high. When comparing metals with world standards and Iranian environmental standards, all metal amounts except for lead, chromium, and zinc were above the permissible limit. Pearson correlation results showed that the metals had a weak correlation with each other and had different origins. In general, it can be concluded that the elements in the soil are completely affected by the leachate from the landfill site because the elements in the leachate and soil have a similar slope and trend.

One of the most popular types of bioreactor landfills is the landfill with leachate recirculation.In this way, an anaerobic was operated by leachate recirculation to remove organic matters. In this study two different systems were applied for leachate treatment. In system (1), the leachate generated from a fresh-waste reactor was drained to recirculation tank, and recycled every two days. In System (2), the leachate generated from a fresh waste landfill reactor was fed through a well-decomposed refuse landfill reactor, and at the same time, the leachate generated from a well-decomposed refuse landfill reactor recycled to a fresh waste landfill reactor.