جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "معیار" در نشریات گروه "محیط زیست"

Cultural ecosystem services are defined as non-material benefits people obtain from a direct contact with ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, reflection, recreation, and aesthetic experiences. Policy and decision-making for environmental management, land-use planning and development at different scales can be enhanced by quantification and incorporation of ecosystem services. Incommensurability with valuation methods has led researchers to assess the cultural services using noneconomic techniques such as multi criteria analysis. However, cultural services are assessed less than other services due to the lack of sufficient knowledge and appropriate criteria. Therefore, this research has tried to identify criteria for evaluation of cultural services using literature review and content analysis. Then, the criteria have been prioritized for cultural services assessment through Delphi method. In the study area, the aspects aesthetic, educational, heritage, inspirational, sense of place, recreational, religious and spiritual with a normalized coefficient of 0.1808, 0.1545, 0.1382, 0.1303, 0.1265 and 0.1190 were the most important criteria, respectively.

Solid waste landfill site selection requires proper studies and management practices, and many criteria affect the site selection of suitable landfill, not paying attention to them can cause severe environmental pollution and harm to humans. Several criteria have been proposed to select the appropriate site for landfill, each of them cause specific restrictions and requirements for location. In other words, each criterion is based on scientific fields, so that such studies have found multidimensional identity and interdisciplinary structure.

In this study, the most important criteria affecting the landfill site selection based on lecture review and study of various guidelines have been identified. In this study, in addition to introducing these criteria, the importance of each of the mentioned criteria in the site selection of municipal landfill is discussed. For all these criteria, numerical values ​​of appropriate thresholds were also investigated in different studies.

Some of the most important criteria are slope, bedrock, faults, distance from surface water sources, depth of groundwater, dominant wind, rainfall, protected areas, distance from urban and rural settlements, land use, distance from road network. Locations and distance from historical and ancient centers.

Due to the lack of a coherent study on the importance of criteria and thresholds, this study could be used as a model for landfill site selection considering the environmental characteristics of the area by researchers and decision makers.

Desertification is a global phenomenon which can occur in any place and cause significant damages. Therefore, classification and generation of desertification intensity and risk map is a reasonable basis for planning.  The present study aims to evaluate desertification risk in the Abu Ghoveyr Plain in Ilam province, using general risk equation. To this end, first, desertification hazard map was prepared using the Iranian 9-criteria model of IMDPA. For preparing this map, working units map (geomorphologic facies) was created using slope, geology, and land use maps. Using this method, working units were considered as the main unit of desertification then a map was generated for each index according to assigned weights, such that the qualitative map of the desired factors were obtained using the geometric mean of indicators. Then, through integration and determining the geometric mean of layers obtained from indices and finally classification of the obtained maps, map of the current status of desertification in the studied area was generated. Then, elements at hazard in each working units were identified and were transformed to a map. Considering the hazard class of elements, degree of vulnerability of elements was determined. Finally, desertification risk was prepared in 4 classes by combining the risk intensity map, frequency, and the degree of vulnerability of elements. The results suggested that 49.73% of the area was in the high and very high damage classes.