جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "منشا" در نشریات گروه "محیط زیست"

Plant pests including insects, mites, fungi, bacteria, viruses, viroids, nematodes, phytoplasmas and weeds cause a lot of damage to the plants annually. These agents can enter the country in different ways, including: Transmission by human and animal food, plant reproductive organs such as seeds, saplings, cuttings, offshoots propagation, onions and tubers, transmission by domestic and wild animals, by water, transmission by scientific research, by transportation vehicles and bioterrorism purposes. The entry of these agents can have important consequences, including: Important economic consequences due to direct damage or the cost of chemical control, political consequences due to food, industrial and scientific dependence, social consequences due to decrease in social welfare, migration to cities and job insecurity, diet change, environmental consequences due to changes in flora, environmental pollution due to the use of pesticides and physical presence of the pest, changing water and soil conditions. Methods of prevention and control of these agents are done in several ways at several levels. Plant quarantine is one of the main and most important ways to prevent damage by these agents, if this principle is not fulfilled, in the next step of control, more activity and cost are needed to control the harmful agent.