جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « environmental vulnerability » در نشریات گروه « محیط زیست »

Knowledge of the ecosystem vulnerability is one of the most important tools available to achieve sustainable management of soil and water resources. Besides, vulnerability assessment is considered as the prerequisite to provide effective management strategies and planning to minimize destructive effects of natural and human disturbances. The present research was conducted to review past studies on ecosystem vulnerability, collect and evaluate the used methods and to identify effective approaches for assessing the vulnerability, worldwide. The analysis showed existence of 14 methods for ecosystem vulnerability measurement. Without paying due attention to ecosystem sustainability and vulnerability, the environmental health of any ecosystem will always be threatened resulting in many irreparable losses. The results also showed that by identifying and applying enhancement factors of vulnerability, it is possible to prevent the development of destructive human activities and deterioration of natural ecosystems and their deviations from a healthy status. Our analysis showed many common aspects in the methods, including expert judgment, ranking and map production, and indices quantification. Irrational interference of human in the exploitation of natural resources have led to imbalance in the interrelations of environmental components. Considering the emergence of concepts and methods of vulnerability assessment at the watershed scale, extensive and more comprehensive research are required in different climatic, edaphic, land use, geologic and hydrological conditions.

In the third millennium, environmental sciences and IT, are the main topics of sciences. Environmental sciences like the environment itself, is a combination of phenomena, and vectors of action and reaction between nature, economics, industry, culture, and politics. This has brought about a complexity, which makes analysis, studies, and researches in environment time consuming and expensive. Description and analytical review of environment of the country, as well as, environmental sciences, reveal some strength, threats, opportunities, and weaknesses. Number of students and environmental fields of studies show a marked increase, whereas, the low number of academic staff in environmental sciences in comparison with the number of students indicate a weakness. However, this weakness may be compensated with recent increases in the scientific journals, and NGO's of Iran. But in the lack of a national comprehensive plan on education, the future goals of 2025 plan seems unattainable. Countrie's operational environmental index have dropped markedly in 2012. Several incidences in recent years have also been responsible for this status drop. Eradication of major wetlands, decreases in areas of forests and pastur lands, threats imposed on biodiversity and wildlife, increases in pollutants, particularly air pollution and dusts in major cities, increases in wastes, dysfunction of water tables, shortage of water, and water misuse in agricultural practices, all are causing the environmental crisis in the country, which is in par with economic crisis.