جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) » در نشریات گروه « محیط زیست »

One of the new methods of intervention in old and inefficient neighborhoods is the approach of regeneration. In fact, re-creation is an attempt to revive, revive and regenerate the city, or in other words, to revive the tissues in the city, which were used for commercial and industrial purposes in the past. Now they are abandoned and unusable due to pollution and other problems, so they are not compatible with the society. Today, these lands are called brown and gray urban lands that have survived the development process. Through the control, redevelopment and regeneration of these lands, environmental pollution, problems and threats are reduced to a great extent and can attract and create new jobs, increase the quality and attractiveness of the localities, and also Creating a new urban space by maintaining the main spatial features (physical and functional). This research has been compiled by descriptive-analytical method with the aim of evaluating brown and gray lands with the approach of urban regeneration. In data collection, library and field methods and a researcher-made questionnaire tool were used, and the hierarchical analysis technique (AHP) was used as the main basis of the research analytical model for ranking and valuing economic sub-indices social, physical and environmental have been used. The findings of the hierarchical analysis model on the prioritization of the dimensions affecting the regeneration of brown and gray lands, respectively, on the price of land with a relative weight (0.431), the need for housing with a relative weight (0.285), personal and social security with relative weight (0.384), social harms such as insecurity and delinquency with relative weight (0.217), the potential and capabilities of brown and gray lands with relative weight (0.352), facilities and infrastructure with weight relative (0.230), decrease in environmental quality and increase in pollution with relative weight (0.376), decrease in environmental health and increase in diseases with relative weight (0.329) means that after calculating the weight of the sub-criteria, the ratio of CR (Compatibility) was evaluated. The condition for accepting the work result is that the CR ratio is less than 0.1. It is worth mentioning that the CR ratio in this research was 0.16, 0.06, 0.09, and 0.08 for each index, which indicates the acceptability of the result.

Urban development disturbs the natural infiltration of runoff by creating impermeable surfaces. With the increase of impermeable levels in the watersheds, the volume of runoff also increases and cities will be exposed to waterlogging and floods in the rainy season. Therefore, the level of groundwater resource is expected to have lowered gradually. Today’s main policy to face with this problem centers on using traditional flood systems like concrete channelization to convey runoff which increases the problem of groundwater recharge. So, it seems that Green Infrastructure Development (GID) could play a crucial role in the restoration of the disrupted hydrological cycle, lowering the runoff problem, and move toward towards urban sustainability.Materials and methods Study area Tehran is a metropolitan with an area of about 730 km2 and the population of more than 8.5 million people, located at the south part of Alborz Mountains. The city comprised of 22 districts. The middle districts and downtown areas are urbanized while the other districts have more open spaces and untouched lands. The slope of the most parts of the city is about 3-9 percent which is mainly from the north to the south. There are seven natural rivers streaming the city. These natural valley-rivers play important roles in natural ventilation and runoff conveying. Tehran has a diverse Land use. Apart from big green patches dispersed in the northern parts and the urban fringe areas, all patches of the city are manmade and impermeable. Tehran has faced rapid growth in the current decades. Rapid urbanization has worsened the natural hydrological cycle and put this megacity in jeopardy of water logging and flood. Flood risk is one of the second most important natural hazards in Tehran. The city is coated with impermeable surfaces like buildings, highways, roads, and parking lots. In rainy seasons rainfall rapidly turns into runoff flowing throughout the streets and finally leaves the urban watershed. Consequently, the level of groundwater supply is expected to have diminished.

The framework of this research has four steps. 1- Selection of relevant criteria and sub-criteria 2- Determining the weight of each of criteria and sub-criteria 2- reaching of decision matrix, 4- Prioritization of green infrastructure practices 3- Development of combination scenarios 4- Prioritization of combination scenarios. Each step is elaborated below.This step was done by reviewing scientific sources and interviewing experts and specialists. At this step, we tried to select criteria for multivariate decision models that are more repetitive in scientific texts and are in accordance with the geographical, climatic conditions and realities of the study area. Finally, the criteria in the process of introducing green infrastructure in Tehran with the aim of runoff control includes five main criteria namely: runoff quantity control, runoff quality control, cost, compatibility with city structure, and adaptation to the climate of the city.Expert panel and The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method were used to weight the selected criteria. In this regard, a questionnaire was first prepared in accordance with the standard structure of pairwise comparison, which is common in the hierarchical analysis method. Then, 15 faculty members, consulting engineers, and researchers in various fields related to the development of green infrastructure in urban areas were surveyed. Then the weight of criteria, sub-criteria, and inconsistency coefficients were calculated. Meanwhile, the responses of 6 participants had an inconsistency coefficient of more than one tenth and were excluded. Therefore, a total of 9 experts participated in the weighting process of the criteria. Expert Choice software was used in the process of calculating the weight of criteria and incompatibility coefficients.In order to compile the decision matrix and achieve the ability of the studied green infrastructure types, the review of scientific literature was performed. At this step, we referred to studies that examined the ability of green infrastructure in relation to each of the criteria.At this stage, the TOPSIS method was used to prioritize green infrastructure. TOPSIS is a multi-criteria decision-making method that is programmed based on the similarity of the solution to the ideal solution and the distance from the non-ideal solution. This technique can be used to rank, compare different options, select the best option and determine the distances between options. Based on the final decision matrix and the weight of the studied criteria, different forms of green infrastructure were prioritized. All calculations were performed to prioritize the options using R software and topsis package.Sensitivity analysis is performed to achieve assurance of results and to confirm that the weighting is non-biased. The method is that values are added or subtracted to each of the indicators and the model will be run again with the changes made and the results will be compared. In this study, PYSIS software was used to analyze the sensitivity of the results of this study. To ensure that the scores and weights were non-biased, sensitivity analysis was performed with 30% change in weights for 10,000 repetitions.To combine different forms of green infrastructure, five main functions of green infrastructure for runoff management were identified, including infiltration, storage, conveyance, irrigation, and rainwater collection. Based on these performances, different scenarios for combination of GI practices were identified and scored. The equation 1 was used for prioritizing the combination scenarios A= (S1 × D1)+(S2× D2)Where A is the final score of each compound, S1 is the final score of the green infrastructure expressed in the row, D1 is the green infrastructure score expressed in the row in the runoff management process, S2 is the green infrastructure score expressed in the column, D2 is the green infrastructure score in the column in the runoff management process.

Results revealed that permeable pavement with a score of 0.756 is the most suitable, while green atmosphere with 0.342 points was selected as the most unsuitable form of green infrastructure for the city of Tehran. Infiltration trenches, rain beds, rainwater harvesting system, detention ponds, bio-retention ponds, and green roofs were ranked second to seventh, respectively.The results of sensitivity analysis showed that with 30% change in coefficients and 10,000 times of model implementation, we did not see much change in the results of this research, and again permeable pavement has been introduced as the most appropriate option. The lack of change in the ranking of options in the sensitivity analysis indicated the low level of subjectivist bias.In the next step, in order to achieve appropriate scenarios, a combination of different forms of green infrastructure from Formula 1 was used and 112 possible combination scenarios were examined, scored and ranked. Finally, three preferred scenarios for each combination based on the hydrological performance were proposed.

In this study, a framework was proposed to use multi-objective prioritization of different forms of green infrastructure to control runoff in Tehran. The results showed that the permeable pavement is the most suitable form of green infrastructure for the city of Tehran, while the green swale is the most unsuitable. Infiltration trenches, rain gardens, rainwater collection reservoirs, ponds, biological ponds and green roofs were ranked second to seventh, respectively. Also, in order to achieve the appropriate composition patterns of green infrastructure, the functions of different types of green infrastructure were divided into categories including infiltration, storage, conveyance, irrigation, and rainwater collection, and the combined scenarios of this Infrastructures were examined. The results of this study proposed a suitable scenario of 30 green infrastructure combinations with different hydrological performance for development with different purposes.

In recent years, population growth, increasing vehicles, and industrial development have caused air pollution. One of the major disasters, creating significant problems for human and endangering their health is air pollution. The main objective of the present study was to select best sites for air pollution monitoring stations in zones 1 and 3 of Isfahan city using fuzzy technique and analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Accurate monitoring of the air pollution condition requires accurate and appropriate dispersion of monitoring stations throughout the study area, so that the optimal locations of these stations can be selected using fuzzy and AHP methods. In the present study, considering the necessity of determining the location of air pollution monitoring stations, the best sites for these stations were selected based on important criteria such as distance from market, recreation areas, parks, parking areas and existing stations using fuzzy and AHP methods. The results showed that Fuzzy-AHP method was flexible and accurate method to determine the appropriate areas for air pollutant monitoring stations.

Recreation use assessment is considered as an important tool for sustainable tourism development and also ecotourism management development causes local economic growth and biodiversity conservation‎.The main objective of this study is to identify and prioritize the potential ecotourism site in Hassanabad forest park.

Analysis system Makhdoom and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) combined with Geographic Information System (GIS) was used.
In AHP method after identification effective factors on recreational potential, a matrix is formed and factors were compared by the experts in the form of questionnaire. Next factors were weighed and ranked the regions for recreational potential. In Makhdoom method after identifying ecological sources, the data were collected and analyzed to ecological homogenous units. Finally the map of final resorting capacity was provided by comparing ecological traits of each unit with Makhdoom tourism ecological model. Eventually maps obtained by the two methods in GIS were overlapped.

Results of AHP model showed that the total area of the park (434/6 ha) has recreational potential of medium to high class. This area has no zone with very low recreational potential. In makhdoom method, this area includes all of recreational classes except concentrated recreational potential zone of first class.  

In both methods, the recreational potential classes have 50% overlapping. Since after applying two methods, the park has no inappropriate zones for tourism, this area is suitable for the development of ecotourism plans.

Urban landscape, especially urban forest and city trees, usually has vital and various effects on the mental and physical health of humans, environmental embellishment, and mitigating the destructive effect of climatic changes like wind storms and flood control, as well as reduction and control of hazardous contaminants. Choosing appropriate plants for urban landscapes is vital to avoid potential financial and environmental losses that may occur if all selection parameters are not taken into account. The determination of plant species assessment indices in urban green space in Tehran does not have any special standard. Therefore, the aim of this study was to make a sustainable green space for Tehran metropolis due to its arid and semi-arid climate, which poses more challenges to choose suitable plant species for green spaces.

In our study, the methodology structured a hierarchy consisting of a goal and sub-ordinate attributes of the problem. Other important components of this methodology were a pairwise comparison between various parameters used to quantify value judgments, and the matrix multiplication used to convert level specific criteria into a larger decision priority. After grouping plants, selection parameters have been defined for each plant group. Plant species were comparatively graded for each parameter by a group of eight specialists. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) technique and hierarchical cluster analysis have been utilized to find the most adaptable plant species for the area according to the main selection parameters of zone tolerance, urban conditions, esthet-ics, maintenance, growth characteristics, and specific features. A table was designed in questionnaire format and distributed between 8 respective experts for coefficient value determination and then the coefficient value was obtained by Expert choice software. The dominant plant list of Tehran and the world was prepared, and plants that exist at Tehran botanical garden and had acceptable results were chosen. Scoring the plant species was performed from 0 to 3 with the values of 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 being used for the intermediate state. After multiply each factor weight and each species score, the final plant weight was obtained and the proper and relative proper plants were detected. Because of the importance of climate change, the indices influenced by climate change were determined by future weather prediction using Larse-wg-5.1 software under the Hadcim3 model that have three scenarios between 2011-2030 and 2045-2065. Weight of these indices was multiplied at species scores and then the proper and relative proper plants were prioritized and introduced for planting.

Pointed tree species like Ceratonia silique, Gleditsia spp., Ziziphus jujube, Tamarix parviflora, Sophora japonica, Pistacia chinensis, Guercus coccinea, Quercus douglasi, Seltis sp., and Guercus agrifolia were determinedas suitable choices for green space planting. Pointed shrub species like Cercis chinensis, Berberis thunbergii, Eleagnus pungens, Ribes sp., Spartium junceum, Punica granatum var.pleniflora, Rhus glabra, and Pyracantha coccinea were suitable as well.

In general, the results showed that many dominant green space plants were not proper species and there are more suitable plants that have received less attention. Before introducing new plants to the urban envi-ronment, they should be experimented on in a small scale for several years to confirm that they will not change the ecology of the whole region through invasion or posing a threat to any local plant species.

The urban location with the use of GIS in urban planning is very important. Commercial usage is one the most important urban usage wich affects other urban activities. It is worth noting that people are actively deal with space and always with the business and related information. Individual placement in a convenient location from an environmental perspective and getting it by all senses will be able to actively respond to the environment and it will draw the attention to the environment. Due to the remoteness of the hospitals, railway stations and close to natural areas such as parks, subjective factors such as the appearance of intimacy, originality and vitality affected and will affect the ability to invite people. In this regard, appropriate measures to study the documents formulation and using the AHP model value of each criterion, relative to other criteria determined and to each of the relevant criteria weights. Finally, the resulting weights in layers of criteria and multiplication using fuzzy compounds   layers were combined. Integrated data showed that the 2 with more favorable situation than the 1 and the area as well as with situation better than 3 areas with different importance is the best place to create trade center. Region 17 of Tehran withpopulation of more than 358 thousands suffers from adequate access to 3 district municipality and this matter makes the costs of access to urban services increase. Therefore, this study explains appropriate indicators and geographic information systems to locate suitable commercial places in the region in each explained municipal areas which have been chosen for the establishment.

According to distribution requirements and the broad distance between production and consumption centres in Iran, linear infrastructure development plays an important role and should be considered as a vital necessity. Routing problems include many factors which are often incompatible with each other and incompatibility amongst parameters causes significant delays in the process of routing. Hence, it is of interest that use of the new utilities in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to optimize the routing process can resolve the difficulties faced in decision-making steps.
This study aims at optimizing oil pipeline routes from wells drilled to the refinery by using different scenarios and to consider is ORness and ANDness. In the beginning preparation stage all necessary spatial data Like, Geology, land cover, slope, Dem, Fault, Main, River, stream which are required to find the optimal route for establishment of oil transmission line have been collected than Standardization and Preparation by using reducing and Increasing linear weighting function. AHP process has been hired in order to find spatial weight of each parameter’s effectiveness in terms of cost of establishment and oil line interaction with its surrounding environment. Ordered weighted average (OWA) method has been applied to integrate spatial data and achieve the result, cost layer. Dijkstra's algorithm has then been used to find the optimal route between the location of wells and refineries.
The results show that with increase in the value of α, the amount of cost, average slope and height of the oil transit route increase. In scenarios with, higher values are given to high-value pixels. While higher order weights are assigned to values with a lower numerical value in the same position. Therefore, the length of the route from the All (AND) scenario to the At least one (OR) scenario decreases. Because the Dijkstra's algorithm is a single-objective algorithm and aims at extracting the path with the least cost. Because at every move, Choose a pixel with the lowest Accumulative cost as the direction of motion and do not pay attention to the length of the route.
By comparing the existing route and the paths obtained from the Dijkstra's algorithm in different scenarios based on the factors of length, cost, mean slope and height of the route extracted In Almost All, Most, and Half (WLC) scenarios, are better than the other options in terms of techno-economic and environmental conditions in study area. Other scenarios have produced better results than some of the existing ones in some of the factors. Providing Various Results, With ORness and tradeoff this method has great flexibility in estimating the needs and priority of decision makers in the field of petroleum industry to design optimal transmission lines.

The efficient waste management and the environmental protection are important issues in engineering field especially in road construction. Excessive consumption of natural materials for construction and rehabilitation of roads damages the natural environment severely. Therefore, in this research, the use of excavation debris and the steel slag in the road pavement evaluated.
for this purpose, the experiments consisted of plastic and liquid limit, sand equivalent (SE), Los Angeles abrasion, soundness of aggregate and CBR test were done and the reliability of the materials was determined by several factors using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP).
Findings: The result of CBR test on debris was obtained 36.2 that indicated the quality of this debris for sub-base layer. On the other hand, the steel slag arising from electric arc furnace cannot be used alone in the pavement layer of road because of lack of adhesion properties and therefore the steel slag was mixed with adhesive materials.
Discussion and The results showed proper quality of construction debris and steel slag in road pavement by considering different factors especially environmental issues.

In this study, managing environmental aspects of pulp and paper industries using AHP method was studied. The process of producing paper have 4 main step that done in for main unit of paper factories, the unit of Preparation and production of wood, pulp production unit, paper production unit ,chemical recovery system unit .
To identify and manage environmental aspects and environmental impacts of the industry AHP method (Analytical Hierarchy Process) was used. In the hierarchical structure of research, Factory production units were selected as criteria and various activities of each unit were selected as sub-criteria, four major environmental impact of the factory were selected as alternatives (water pollution, air pollution, noise pollution and solid waste pollution).
After analyzing the hierarchy with a group of experts in the software Expert Choice, four important results was obtained. 1- Most important environmental impacts of Wood and Paper industries 2- Which of the factory's production unit makes the most contaminants 3- in every single unit, which are most significant environmental aspects. 4- Any trace of contamination was identified that are shown in graphs .finally the obvious causes and effects of each of the significant aspects were examined and some solutions were presented in order to fix them.

Today, urban planners have become interested to consider sustainable development in their planning. Evaluation of ecological capacity for urban development in order to select appropriate locations is the main factor in sustainable development. In this study, it has been attempted to evaluate the ecological capacity in order to determine the best possible regions for urban development in Baghmalek district by applying a combination of Analytical Hierarchy Processes and geographic information system.
In order to achieve this objective, first we recognized the effective criteria in urban development using the previous studies and by collecting opinions of the experts by Delphi methodology. Finally 5 criteria and 12 sub-criteria were selected. Then, we determined the priority of the criteria against each other by pairwise comparison method and by applying Analytical Hierarchy Processes. Finally, the required information layers were valuated based on fuzzy logic in environment of Geographical Information System (Arc GIS 10.2), the calculated weights were applied on them and ecological capacity map was prepared by weighted overlaying the layers.
The results indicated that %46.65 of the studied area has a completely unsuitable potential, %39.62 has an unsuitable potential, %12.27 has an average potential, %1.17 has a suitable potential and %0.29 has completely a suitable potential for urban development.
According to the classification of the final map, it was concluded that the prone areas for future physical development in Baghmalek district can be further expanded in the northern part. On the other hand, Southeast and East directions because of having mountainous regions, face with more restrictions for future development.

Recently، hazardous waste management is a major issue through the world due to increasing of hazardous wastes in countries. According to numerous industrial units، Zanjan province needs an effective managing method for hazardous wastes. Landfilling is the most common method used to hazardous waste management. Determining of optimum location with considering minimum environmental risks and cost effective methods are the scope of this paper. The used method in this paper is combination of geographic Information System (GIS) and multiple criteria Analysis (MCA). Because of several influencing parameters in landfill site selection، using MCA is necessary. A two steps method of landfill site was done، including elimination exclusionary areas and calculation suitability index. In order to determine weights of effective parameters، Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied. Simple additive weight method was used for determination of suitability index and evaluation of study area for hazardous waste landfill. Finally regions with high suitability index were suggested for hazardous waste landfills in Zanjan province.

Mahmoodabad county is located at the coastal region of the country, and it is neighbor of coastal areas where are full of tourism and entertainment applications. This has led to intense development towards suburbs and human domiciles in this county. The 432-unit of Mehr Housing project in the Mahmoodabad, Mazandaran Province, Iran, is located at the 52° 11' to 52° 29' east and 36° 31' to 36° 41' north at the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. This project is bounded to the Caspian Sea in the vicinity of road and in the most equipped touristic-entertainment region (the Sarzamin Royaha funfair). But, perhaps the main reason for calling this project “the diamond of the all under-constructing project” is the divine endowment, i.e. the sea in the northern border a position which differentiates it from all other Mehr projects across the country. Collecting library information: looking for library evidence in the library of Environment Protection Organization of Mazandaran located in Sari city, the library of the Faculty of Environment, Tarbiat Modaress University, the library of environment in Azad University (Science and research branch). Collecting valid reports, documents, evidences and magazines related to the subject matter. The internet searching, conducting field study in the region and on this project. The experts and academics in the main institutes including Environment Organization in Sari city, Housing and Urbanization Organization of the Mahmoodabad County, and the professors of Azad University, the Science and Research Brach have also been interviewed. Sound-level measuring equipments “LSI” for measuring CO, NOX and SO2, and measuring the floating suspended particles have been carried out in four seasons and three stations. Measuring sound level has been conducted across four seasons and in three stations to measure Lmax, Leq, and SPL. The resulted LEQ from noise measuring has been compared with the Iranian Noise Standards, using the SPSS application. The resulted parameters of Air pollution sampling (Co, NO2, SO2, and PM10) have been compared with the Clean Air table, using the SPSS. The Pastakia has been employed to evaluate the effects of two phases: construction and commissioning. AHP method has been applied for weighting and prioritizing the criteria and evaluation of checklist. The operation effects on the environment were studied across two phases, using the Pastakia Matrix. One of the advantages of this method is time-efficiency. Presenting the results graphically facilitates comparison of the results. Identifying the negative and positive effects and proposing the correction approaches were evaluated using the Pastakia matrix on the environmental effects of the project. In this project sub-operations and their effects on physical, biological, economic, social, cultural and technical aspects of the environment were determined. This indicates that the negative and positive effects of the construction phase scores were 19 and 8 respectively; and the negative and positive effects of the commissioning phase scores were 21 and 14 respectively. But, because the effects of the construction are temporary and short term, so their effects is negligible; but, on the other hand, the commissioning phase effects are standing and long term, so cause specific effects on the environment. According to the scores it can be stated that the construction phase of the project affect the environment slightly, but its effects are more extensive and impressive in its commissioning phase, which can be amended by observing environmental measures. Then, the data for the primary criteria were collected for the pretest, through studying the references and analyzing the retrospective studies. Determining the criteria, the developed list was transformed into a questionnaire and it was administrated to a group of the experts of different fields related to environment including environment, urban development, civil construction and etc. In this regard, at the first stage, the hierarchy process was constructed, analyzing the environmental effects of the Mehr housing Project in Mahmoodabad County. Physicochemical, biological, economic, social and technical effects on the environment of the county were selected as the criteria of the second level of the hierarchy process. The sub-criteria of the three spheres were placed in the third level, and factors of the selected sub-criteria are placed in the last level. At the second stage, the hierarchy process was constructed by analyzing the environmental effects. Three spheres including physicochemical, biological-economic, and social were selected as the main criteria for analyzing the environmental effects of the Mehr housing Project on the environment of Mahmoodabad. Then, the sub-criteria of the hierarchy process in the physicochemical sphere are classified into pollution factors and hydrology; biological sphere was classified as wild life; and the economic and social sphere was classified into cultural, technical, economic, and social factors. These were conducted by comparison matrix of the main Criteria. Across the physicochemical sphere, the pollution factors including noise, soil, waste, and the hydrology parameters including above- and underground water were performed by pairvise comparison. Across the biological sphere, the wild life parameters including birds and the fishes were weighted and compared. Across the social sphere, the population and migration factors and across the economic sphere the parameters of employment, real state price, and across the cultural sphere the landscape beauty and land use, and across the technical sphere, accessing urban services and accessing urban infrastructure were weighed through pairvise comparisons. Then, at the forth level, the sub-criteria of physic-chemical sphere including noise parameters (noise at the construction and commission phases); air (CO, NOx, SO2, suspended particle); soil (erosion, soil characteristics); wastes (construction and human residues); hydrology including above-ground water (ecology- quality) and underground-water (quantity, quality); biological sphere including birds (protected species, food chain), fishes (population-food chain); economic-social sphere including (size, class variety) migration(internal, external), employment (side-local), real state price (residential, commercial), land use(agricultural, residential), landscape beauty (visual effect, land shape); accessing urban services (educational, health), and accessing urban infrastructure (electricity and gas, access road security) were weighted through pairvise comparisons. In the next stage, weight of each index was calculated against the higher-level index (relative weight) through the equivector method, using the Expert Choice (EC), which incorporates them with the relative weights, as the final weight determined. Finally, a total priority vector is obtained, which shows the effect and significance of the lower elements. The score which obtain higher weight is more significant compared to the others. The economic-social, physic-chemical and biological spheres gained scores of 0.699, 0.237 and 0.064, respectively. As a result, the greatest weight was attributed to economic-social sphere because of its significance. The geometrical matrix of the physicochemical sphere was developed, considering the AHP questionnaire. The weights of air pollution criteria were 0.167, and those of the hydrology were 0.833. The pollutant had bigger scores than the hydrology. The geometrical matrix of the biological sphere was developed, considering the AHP questionnaire. The wild life was weighted 0.875 for the fishes and 0.125 for the birds. The geometrical matrix of the economic-social sphere was developed, considering the AHP questionnaire. The economic, social, technical and cultural criteria were also weighted 0.53, 0.225, 0.178 and 0.067, respectively. After weighting the criteria and the options according to the AHP method and determining the priorities of them, the weights were incorporated into the alignment evaluation checklist. It was done as follow: first, the weights criteria were inserted. Then, the option weight compared to the each criterion was inserted in the raw data column. Then, determining the scale of criteria in every option, the raw data of every option was divided in the highest score of the raw data of the criteria. Then, the weighted criteria of each option was obtained from the multiplying the weight of criterion by its scale. Finally, the total index was determined by summing the products of criteria weight multiplied by criteria scale. The intense expansion of Mehr housing construction in the Mazandaran Province and its rapid implementation at the suburb and their consequences and environmental outcomes because of population aggregation, may seem unimportant from the decision-maker point of view. But a glance at the current problems of big residential areas around the cities or the new cities several years after construction and occupation, lack of necessary infrastructures for fresh water, sewage and waste management reveal that residential construction, without considering environmental facts will lead to serious problems. Problems which don’t show themselves in light of establishing the most basic forms of facilities are worsening as the other side of the coin. Nevertheless, paying no serious attention to these problems in common house construction and rapid extensive construction of the housing projects without considering the most important problems “ecological capacity for construction” and occupying human population “more than the bio-capacity” will cause many serious problems. This paper aimed at aforementioned objects to study the environmental effects of the Mehr housing Project, using various methods. Then, the weighted criteria were incorporated into the alignment evaluation checklist, and the total index obtained. The checklist results show that the criteria including urban infrastructure (1.002) in the technical sphere; the scape beauty (0.951) in the cultural sphere; the real state price (0.99) in the economic sphere; the population (1.02) in the social sphere; the fishes (0.99) in the biological sphere; the under-groundwater (0.951) in the physicochemical; and the noise (0.649) in the pollutants sphere, all gained the highest indices. According to the matrix results, the project operations include 9 positive effects and 19 negative effects in building phase, and 14 positive effects and 21 negative effects in the commissioning phase. This shows that the construction phase of the project affect the environment slightly, but its effects are more extensive and impressive in its commissioning phase. This can be amended observing environmental measures. Thus, the quantitative results indicate the fact that implementing the project while administrating environmental management will guide the region to economic and environmental boom.

Because of expansion of agricultural activities and excessive use of chemical fertilizers and location of municipal and industrial wastewater of Andimeshk, it is possible for this aquifer to be polluted. Therefore, the aim of present study is to assess the aquifer vulnerability of Andimeshk plain and recognition of sensitive areas against pollution which this work can be conducted by using DRASTIC and SINTACS models. Although these models are among the most used models for assessment of aquifer vulnerability, therefore these models should be corrected on the basis of local hydrological conditions to obtain correct results. Therefore the main aim of this study is correction of DRASTIC and SINTACS models according to local hydrological conditions and finally determining the best aquifer vulnerable model for the plain. Materials and methods Study area: Andimeshk plain is located in the north west of Khuzestan province with the area of 295 km2 and its geographical coordinates is in north latitude, 32° 15′ to 32° 35′ and east longitude 48° 29′ to 48° XX′. DRASTIC and SINTACS models: Generally, parameters used in these models are consist of depth to watertable, net recharge (effective infiltration), aquifer media (aquifer hydrogeologic characteristics), soil media, topography (slope), impact of vadose zone (unsaturated condition) and hydraulic conductivity.

Rivers are discussed as sources of water supply for various uses. Thus، monitoring the quality of these resources due to the recent drought and urban and rural development is one of the important tasks in the field of environmental management. Karoon River has very importance in preparing drinking water، maintaining the industrial survival of Khuzestan province and agricultural water supply. Thus، management and control of water quality this resource has particular significance. In the present study، the Karoon water quality has been evaluated by available NSF water quality index. Subsequently، the nine present NSF parameters’ weights have been changed and modified using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method as well as experts’ opinions in the field in a way to satisfy local conditions. In the newly developed WQI، more weights are given to relation with these parameters it can be said that the factors like dissolved oxygen (Do)، fecal coliform (F. c) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) when compared with NSF-WQI. The method used in this study is deserving for its merits. Because it provides managers with the capability that can have the better and more accurate judgments about the final weights of the parameters. Using the present method، one can consider all purposes and objectives defined in water quality projects by taking into account experts’ opinions regarding the essential costs and economical، social and technical remarks. In this respect، the sensitivity of analyses can be changed and modified in relation to the spatial features. In other words، applying AHP method، confines the NSF utilization to a specific water quality project with the particular conditions.