جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Ardabil » در نشریات گروه « محیط زیست »

Heat waves are one of the most dangerous climate threats associated with global warming, affecting society, economy and environment today, one of the most important concerns from climatic hazards is the occurrence of heat waves, which widely affects human societies. The occurrence and intensity of heat waves have increased throughout the world in recent years. (Ding et al., 2006). An increase in average temperature can lead to hotter days and longer and more frequent heat waves. This, in turn, can cause an increase in heat-related diseases such as heatstroke, heat cramps, heat weakness, and even in advanced cases to die (Haidari et al., 2016). The stagnant atmospheric conditions resulting from heat waves trap pollutants in urban areas, and with the addition of the severe stress of toxic pollutants to the dangerous stress of hot air, it creates a large-scale environmental problem. Also, at night or in winter, the presence of cold air above causes the warmer air layer below it to remain constant along with the dust layer (Almusaed, 2011). Weather and its consequences during the next decades and centuries, the use of coupled atmosphere-ocean models has been considered. These modes are well-known tools for studying the future climate (Xu, 1999). These models are able to model climate variables for a long period using different scenarios (Abbasi et al., 2019).Therefore the purpose of this study is Identification and analysis of heat waves in Tabriz and Ardabil cities and its prediction with CanEsm2 climate model scenarios

In the present study to identify heat waves in Tabriz and Ardabil cites, Maximum daily temperature data of synoptic station of two studied cities, from 2003 to 2018, were obtained from the Meteorological Organization and then SDSM software and CanESM2 model and three RCP scenarios (2.6, 4.5 and 8.5) were used. Then using error measurement indicators maximum temperature was predicted and then the lowest risk scenario was selected for each city and the based on that scenario and using the Fumiaki index and through programming in MATLAB software, Days that had temperatures above +2 standard deviation or above average (NTD) and these conditions lasted for at least two days, were identified and selected as the day with heat waves. The Fumiaki index is obtained by relation 1:(1 Where T (i, j, n) temperature of day i th from month j th in year n th, the average temperature of day i from month j. To eliminate the noise in the mean, a 9-day moving average filter was performed on these data three times and calculated by the following equation (Fujibi et al., 2007; Ismail Nejad et al. 2014). (2 Where ∆T= (i, j, n) absolute deviation of temperature from the average on day j th of the month i th, in year n th compared to the average temperature of the same day. In order to the values of temperature deviation of different times and places to be comparable at a certain time and place, it is necessary to standardize these absolute values of temperature deviation by means of temperature diffraction. Like day-to-day changes, diffuse T∆ at 30 days for each day is calculated by the following equation:(3 The value is the average temperature deviation in 30 days that is calculated by the following equation:(4 Finally, (NTD) is calculated by the following equation:(5 Where .Then days with temperatures +2 above average (NTD) and lasting at least two days, were selected as the day with the HW. (Ismail Nejad et al, 2014). Equation 6:(6 2 ≥ NTD (i+p) NTD (i+p-1) ≥ 2, NTD (i-1), NTD (i+1)… NTD (i), To evaluate the ability of CanESM2 model scenarios to predict the average maximum temperature for the next 31 years, the outputs of each scenario are averaged by the absolute error values (MAD), mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE) were compared and the most accurate and least error scenario was selected. Equation 7, 8, 9. (7 (8 (9

According to the presented results, during the recent decades, with the discussion of climate change, climate events, including the risk of heat waves, occur abundantly. Based on the results of the present research, heat waves during the past 16 years (2003-2018) in both cities of Ardabil and Tabriz were short-term and lasted for a maximum of 4 days, which occurred in December. According to the findings, in the next 30 years, as in the previous period, in both Tabriz and Ardabil, the maximum duration of the heat wave was predicted to be 4 days in Ardabil and 5 days in Tabriz. In terms of seasonal distribution, heat wave showed more frequency in both periods in spring and autumn. By comparing the duration of heat waves in the base period of 16 years with the predicted 30 years, it was concluded that in both periods and in both cities, heat waves with a duration of 2 days were more frequent. According to the results in Ardabil city, the continuation of heat waves is not much different compared to the base period, but it will increase in Tabriz city. Also, the maximum temperature in both stations will increase, and the highest increase will be in Tabriz. Since the maximum temperature also showed an increasing trend in both stations. Therefore, we can say that due to the frequent and continuous occurrence of heat waves and temperature increase, especially in the cold months of the year, early flowering and germination of agricultural and garden crops may occur, which is the result of the occurrence of late spring cold. After a heat wave, if there is no crisis management and insufficient information of farmers and horticulturists, we will see heavy damage to the agricultural economy in the study area. In addition, due to the tropical nature of the studied cities, the increase in temperature will definitely disturb the living comfort of the residents. Therefore, it is necessary to think about the necessary measures to deal with the negative effects caused by the increase in temperature. The findings of the present research, in the sense that heat waves will increase in the coming years and the most frequent heat waves will be two and three day waves and will often be more frequent in the cold seasons of the year. The opinions of most researchers were consistent.

Today, increasing urbanization and increasing urban settlements have the greatest impact on the environment and the city has become one of the main centers of environmental pollution. Symbolic consumerism, which is a kind of lifestyle, causes people with similar tastes to gather in affluent neighborhoods of cities, while giving a special identity to their place of residence. They prevent people with different lifestyles from entering these neighborhoods. This has led to problems such as segregation in certain areas of the city, which will be addressed in the following article. Therefore, in the present study, the ranking of urban neighborhoods and the extent of separation of target neighborhoods in the city of Ardabil have been measured and evaluated by descriptive and analytical methods using the multi-criteria decision-making method of Idas; To measure the degree of separation, selection of cities and symbolic consumerism of Ardabil. 7 criteria were used to rank the separation of Ardabil city. Relevant indicators were weighted using the Curtink method and the criteria were ranked using the Idas decision-making technique. Based on the metrics used in the research and the result of the implementation of the Idas technique, the neighborhoods of region 3 of Ardabil city are in the most unfavorable situation in terms of consumerism and are in the last place in the neighborhoods of the regions. 4 are in the best position with the most points. District 4 neighborhoods, because they are informal settlements, have had the least negative impact on the environment in terms of consumerism.The formation of human forms and perspectives in relation to the social processes that make them up. Separation in cities is one of the issues that is formed under the influence of different processes and over time. How the process is formed is related to the spaces that define social relations within geographical environments at different times and the dialectical relationship with individuals, society, prevailing ideology, interests, desires, economic characteristics, It is social and cultural in the same society. In this respect, space has a relational and relative state and changes at different times due to the existence of a dialectical relationship within itself. It can be argued that cities are the most important sources of environmental pollution and population centers, machines, industry, buildings and technology. Cities are also centers for the accumulation of pollutants such as air pollution, noise pollution, non-recyclable or industrial waste, and even water pollution. On the other hand, lifestyle, which refers to people's way of life, social values, activities, behavioral patterns, consumption and habits of people throughout life, indicates the sociability of individuals and the culture of society, major influences on It leaves the urban environment. As the urban population increases, the urban environment becomes more important, because increasing urbanization, increasing the growth rate of cities and making them the most common form of human life has had the greatest impact on the environment. The density of urban population has increased and pollution in cities has reached such a level that the city has become one of the main centers of environmental pollution. Specific urban lifestyles, such as the need for more travel and transportation, which increase energy consumption, are among the city's environmental impacts. Since the urban environment is the first environment with which humans are in contact and carry out economic and social activities in its context, the urban space is affected by human activities. Among these, economic activities play a major role in transforming the environment and the city, because "the relationship between man and the environment is done through work." As the economic factor poses the greatest challenges to urban and environmental sustainability. It has become one of the factors causing the environmental crisis. Consumerism is one of the silent enemies of nature, because the higher the consumption, the greater the use of nature as a tool for crop production and waste generation. Among these, cities are the most important origins of consumerism. When consumption is considered to be the most important concern of society in society, subconsciously all social developments and desires are formed in line with the category of consumption and consumerism. Consumer taste is the most important concern in the capitalist system and the place where this taste can be tested is nowhere but the city. Simultaneous postmodernism and globalization have contributed to this and trapped societies in the consumption-diversity cycle. Consumerism has progressed to the point where social classes are also separated by the consumption of goods and the type of consumption. This has caused people with similar consumer characteristics in the heart of Islamic-Iranian cities to try to separate themselves from others. So that the luxury and consumer lifestyle in the cities of Iran today has created a new border. Separation in cities is a phenomenon that can be traced to various factors such as social, cultural, religious, ethnic, economic status of households and citizens. One of the cultural and social characteristics of urban households is their characteristics and consumption characteristics. Why and for what reason a person chooses a particular neighborhood depends on various factors. Different lives have a distinct difference with the neighborhoods of the four cities. The present article intends to investigate the role of symbolic consumerism in the separation and selection of cities in the neighborhoods of the third and fourth districts of Ardabil. In this regard, the current research seeks to answer the following question: Based on the criteria of separation and consumerism studied in the study, what is the priority of neighborhoods in the third and fourth districts of Ardabil?MethodologyThe research method of the present study is based on descriptive-analytical method and is applied in terms of purpose. In order to collect data, documentary and field methods have been used, and then the main part of the research is survey based on the fact that through the distribution of questionnaires, the information required for segregation and consumerism criteria has been collected. The statistical population of the study consists of citizens of regions three and four of Ardabil city (204314 people) of which 383 people were estimated as a sample based on Cochran's formula and since the random sampling method was simple, so 383 questionnaires It was distributed and completed according to the number of households in its areas and neighborhoods. It should be noted that the questionnaire was a researcher-made questionnaire. To like the questions, a five-point Likert scale was used (1 = very low, 2 = low, 3 = medium, 4 = high, 5 = very high). In order to analyze and rank the factors affecting segregation in the city and following the goal that according to the criteria of segregation and consumerism studied, what is the priority of neighborhoods in the third and fourth districts of Ardabil? The indicators of segregation and consumerism criteria were prioritized using the Idas technique. The content validity of the questionnaire questions was confirmed by professors and experts. To calculate the reliability of the questions, the questionnaire was first administered on a sample of 383 people and then the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach's alpha method and the overall coefficient 0.830 was obtained, which indicates the high level of reliability of the questionnaire. Excel software was used to analyze the data and after weighting the studied indicators using the critical method, the target areas were ranked using the EDAS model. EDAS model The Idas model is one of the new multi-criteria decision making techniques. The Idas model means evaluation based on the distance from the mean solution and this technique is used to rank the options. In methods such as TOPSIS or VICOR, we measure the optimal option based on the distance from the positive and negative ideal, that is, the optimal option that has the shortest distance from the positive ideal and the maximum distance from the negative ideal. But in the EDAS method, the best solution is the distance from the average solution (AV). In this method, we do not need to calculate the positive and negative ideals, but consider two criteria for evaluating the desirability of options; The first is a measure of positive distance from the mean (PDA) and the second is a negative distance from the mean (NDA).

Solar energy with unique benefits such as cheapness, no pollution, unlimited and inexhaustible and no negative impact on the environment has been increasingly considered as an alternative to fossil fuels. However, despite the favorable geographical location of Iran, less use has been made of this energy. The present study aims to analyze and prioritize the non-use of solar energy in residential areas of Ardabil with emphasis on environmental sustainability and taking into account 8 criteria. This research is applied in terms of purpose and method in terms of descriptive-analytical and survey type. In order to analyze and prioritize the non-use of solar energy in residential areas of Ardabil, the relevant indicators are weighted using entropy method and the criteria are ranked using multi-criteria decision making techniques (TOPSIS, SAV, VICOR) and finally for the group. Finding the final prioritization used the Capland integration technique. Based on the metrics used in the present study and the results of the implementation of these techniques, managerial, economic and educational components in the first place and social, legal and technical components in the last place in terms of effective components in not using energy Solar relative to other components. According to the respondents, the most important factor in the reluctance of citizens to use solar energy in Ardabil is related to managerial and economic barriers.

Despite the negative effects of the outbreak of Covid 19 virus in various fields, the cessation and reduction of some activities has had positive effects on the environment. The present study was conducted with the aim of measuring the environmental sustainability of Ardabil city during the Covid 19 pandemic in order to achieve a green city in region 3 of Ardabil city and by considering 5 criteria. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Based on one-sample t-test, the average environmental sustainability of the studied indicators is equal to 3.02 and is moderate. According to the findings of the COPRAS model, Rezvan town with Nj equal to 100% has the best situation in terms of environmental sustainability indicators among the neighborhoods of region 3 of Ardabil city and Malabashi and Malayosef neighborhoods with the lowest percentage in the most unfavorable situation and in Are in last place. Malabashi and Malayoosef neighborhoods, because they are informal settlements, have had the most negative impact on the level of environmental sustainability in District 3 of Ardabil.

Organic agriculture is one of the most important agricultural systems that is quickly developing throughout the world. The main cause of attention towards organic agriculture is necessity of production of healthy agricultural products and free from chemicals. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the attitude of Ardabil province's farmsteads towards organic agriculture . The research method is descriptive and survey. The statistical population consisted of all the petty farmers in Ardabil city. (6380) The sample size was determined by multi-stage sampling method and using Cochran's formula for 230 people. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to determine the reliability of the index (AVE), which was at least 0.50 calculated. To determine the reliability of the combination method (CR), the minimum value was calculated to be 0.91 and the alpha value of 0.88 for the research tool was also indicative of its reliability. The findings showed that the majority of farmers had a relatively positive attitude toward organic farming. the results of structural equation modeling showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between knowledge and information sources with the attitude of the apple cultivars towards organic cultivation.

Today, forest reserves are of great interest in protecting biological diversity (plant and animal) and preventing the extinction of many important plant and animal species. The Hatam Meshesi Forest Reserve, with an area of 195.6 hectares, located 28 kilometers west of Meshgin Shahr of Ardebil province, is one of the most valuable reserves in Iran. This forest is a part of Arasbaran forests in terms of location, climatic and habitat conditions, and is therefore very rich in plant diversity and vegetation. The most important species of this forest is Caucasian oak (Quercus macranthera Fisch. & C. A. Mey.), distributed at an altitude of 1740 to 1950 m.a.s.l. In this forest, four main forest types including pure Quercus macranthera, Quercus macranthera–Acer campetre, Quercus macranthera–Fraxinus excelsior, Crtataegus microphylla-Prunus spinosa can be distinguished. In total, 31 species of trees and shrubs, belonging to 11 families and 23 genera, have been identified, indicating a significant diversity of woody species in this forest. In recent years, the conversion of forest and rangeland use into agriculture, grazing, and cutting down trees for coal mining and the use of firewood have been influential factors in the destruction of this valuable reserve. Therefore, to reach a favorable state, the responsible organizations must pay more attention to the protection of this habitat. With attention to the conservation value of this reserve, the implementation of development programs and worthless investments aimed at attracting tourists to the region should be strictly excluded.

In this study, parasite infectious of fishes in Ardabil Neor Lake was investigated. Accordingly, 128 specimen of Prussian carp Carassius gibelio, the only species captured from the lake during this survey time, from spring until autumn 2016, once a season were sampled. Due to the climate of the region and because of severe cold weather and freezing of the lake, we did not have any specimen in winter. The fish specimens were in the age range of 1-3 years old and 108 samples female and 20 samples from them were male.  Average (±SD) weight and length of fish were respectively 91.56±77.71gand 6.54 ± 15 cm. In the survey of parasitology, monogene trematode of Dactylogyrus anchoratus was isolated and identified in the gills of the fish. The prevalence of this parasite in both spring and summer was 5.88% and 6.7% respectively, and its range was 1 in each season.This research was the first report from contamination of Prussian carp to D. anchoratus. Re-examination of the status of lake fish contamination is necessary before any aquaculture activity.

Introduction Principles and criteria related to the quality of the environment and the relation between this quality and its cultural, historical and social contexts in the design of residential complexes are ignored, which also reduces the satisfaction of residents from the complexes. The purpose of this research is to improve the quality of residence in the residential complexes through contextual components. Accordingly, in the first part of the article, by reviewing the literature in this field, different dimensions of context and quality of residence in residential complexes are explained. Then, in the research methodology, the tool and the method of testing the theoretical model in some selected residential complexes in Ardabil city and the method of data analysis are described. Further, the findings are analyzed and the results of the study are presented. According to the main hypothesis of the research, it is likely that the application of contextual components will improve the quality of residence in the design of residential complexes in Ardabil, as well as the sub-assumptions of the research including: (1). The components of the terrain and external conditions of the complexes have the most impact on the quality of residential complexes and the quality of residential units. (2).The natural component has the greatest impact on the quality of residence in the residential complexes of Ardabil. The present research seeks to answer the following main question: Does the application of contextual components improve the quality of residence in Ardabil’s residential complexes? Also, the following sub-questions: (1).Which components have the most impact on the quality of residential complexes and complexes in Ardabil? (2).Which subjects have the most impact on the quality of residence in the residential complexes in Ardabil? The context or contextual discussion is one of the topics that are of great interest today in the world. The lack of relation between implemented projects and environmental issues, especially in Iran, has led to issues such as inconsistency, identity crisis, and lack of utility and dissatisfaction with residence in residential complexes. So one of the solutions is to adopt a context-based design approach. There was no research on the study of the field of contextual factors affecting the quality of residential housing development in the residential complexes; therefore, not repeating the issue and the need for a new look at the residence issue would justify the necessity of this review. The present research can help policy and planning to design the deep and efficient architecture of residential complexes in accordance with the needs of residents. Materials & Methods The present research is descriptive-analytic in nature and time-consuming as a future-oriented cross-sectional research and is considered as a quantitative method in terms of the purpose of the applied research part. The primary information gathering tool in this study was a questionnaire based on various dimensions of the research variables (field components and quality of residential complex) to assess the residents' views of residential complexes in the new and central context of Ardabil city. Initially, the original study and pilot scale was in the form of a scale of five Likert options (1- very low, 2-low, 3- medium, 4- high and 5- very high). The target population of this study is residents of Ardabil’s residential complexes, which are selected by Cochran sampling method with a confidence level of about 6%, 240 residents of the complex. In order to determine the statistical sample, eight cluster models with observation and review of the writers, eight residential complexes named Negin Sarsotoun complex (with physical field), Abrovan complex (with physical, natural and historical context), Mansoorieh complex (historical and natural), Mahtab complex (Natural), Sabalan complex (physical, historical and cultural), Nastaran complex (physical and environmental), Vesal complex (physical and natural) and Aseman complex (physical) with different contexts were selected. In this study, four main components of contextualism, namely physical context, socio-cultural context, historical context and natural context are chosen as independent variables and quality of residential complex as dependent variable, and individual factors of gender, ownership, age groups, marital status and the length of stay as controlling factor. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for reliability of the questionnaire. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.889 for 23 questions about contextual components and quality of the residential complexes, which is a sign of the reliability of the questionnaire. To analyze the data of the questionnaire, Means-test and T-test and multiple regression analysis are used in the SPSS software. Finally, the path analysis model is mapped to three levels based on regression coefficients. Discussion of Results & Conclusions The results of individual factors affecting the quality of residence through contextualism showed that, as time passes and age increases, the mean of contextual components increases. There is also a linear relationship between the level of components and the level of education, and with the increase in the length of residence in the complex, the quality of residence and contextual increases. Also, with an increase in residence duration in the city, the average historical context increases. The results of the findings showed that the quality of residential complexes in Ardabil is moderate to high, where social quality has the highest score in terms of residence and the lowest score is related to physical quality. As expected, residential complex residence, in terms of participation, community and security, is an effective factor in increasing social quality of complexes. Also, the highest average quality of residential units is related to exterior conditions, to the internal conditions of the units such as light, brightness, visibility and landscape. On the other hand, in terms of impact, the quality of contextual component has the greatest impact on the quality of residential complexes and the external component of the units has the most impact on the quality of residential units in Ardabil. Therefore, the first sub-hypothesis of the research is also proved. Among the contextualism, the natural context (especially respect for nature and environment) has the most impact on the quality of residence, that is, the quality of residential complexes and also the quality of residential units in Ardabil. Therefore, the second hypothesis of the research is proved. The highest mean of contextualism is related to the physical context, and the lowest average is related to the historical context. In the historical context, which has the lowest score in terms of residence in the studied complexes, the least attention is given to the connection with the monuments that today are not getting much attention in the design of residential complexes, monuments and historical monuments, and this is the reason that the symbol dimension of the cultural context is also the lowest in terms of inhabitants. On the other hand, Pearson correlation test showed that in each of the eight complexes, the highest correlation coefficient was related to the quality of residence and natural context. Among the selected complexes, the highest correlation coefficient between the quality of residence and the physical context was found in in the Nestaran complex, and the highest coefficient of correlation between the quality of residence and the historical context was found in the Mansouriyeh Complex, which is located in the central-historical context of the city. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of residence in residential complexes, planners and architects and urban planners need to pay attention to the quality of the complex context (including environmental health, maintenance costs and lifestyle), as well as the external conditions of residential units (such as lighting and Green space), especially in the natural context, including respect for nature and environmental protection.

Calculating the environmental impact assessment during a product's life cycle is very important. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the environmental effects of soybean oil production (Glycine max) in Ardabil province.

Lifecycle assessment was conducted to compare environmental burdens of this crop. Four categories (eutrophication, acidification, global warming potential and photochemical oxidation) of environmental impacts were used to define in this method. Inventory phase was conducted in 1393.

The production of one-ton soybean in Ardabil in eutrophication potential, acidification potential, photochemical oxidation and global warming are 13.671 kg PO4eq, 13.680 kg SO2eq, 0.093 kg C2H4 eq and 857.128 kg CO2eq respectively.

It was found that the effects from the three crops comes generally from manufactured fertilizer, manure, diesel combustion, agricultural practices, and electricity for irrigation. It can be said that the indirect effects associated with these inputs are related to producing and processing, which had negative impacts. Result indicated that input performance of production of one-ton soybean is low. With increasing crop yield per input can decrease environmental burdens.

Urban parks have a significant role in reducing air pollution and improving the quality of life of the people living in urban areas. Planning and site selection of urban parks can significantly change a man-made environment to an ideal human society and enhance the quality of life and identity of the inhabitants by promoting the visual beauty and reducing the adverse effects of industrial development. The aim of this study was to evaluate and locate neighborhood parks using the principles of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) in Ardabil city.

The used method was functional in terms of its objective and descriptive analysis in terms of its nature. The studied criteria consisted 12 components grouped for the spatial distribution of neighborhood parks. In this study, CRITIC techniques and pair-wise comparison were used to weight the criteria. Subsequently, the Vikor multi-criteria decision-making method was used in IDRISI to develope an appropriate model for the spatial distribution of green spaces in Ardabil. The obtained results were presented in the form of a graded map of desirability of place.

The results show that priority pixels introduced in the model output have optimum conditions in terms of the defined criteria. Discussion and

This model can be used as a decision support system in the spatial distribution of the existing neighborhood parks.