جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Cultural Ecosystem Services » در نشریات گروه « محیط زیست »

Cultural ecosystem services, as one of the components of ecosystem services, are intangible human benefits from ecosystems that play a fundamental role in promoting human well-being. Rapid changes in land use with damage to ecological assets in the Ilam urban watershed have reduced the capacity of ecosystem services, including aesthetic quality. Therefore, the evaluation of the supply of aesthetic ecosystem service, which shows the biological diversity in urban areas and favorable conditions for life, is considered essential for inclusion in the improvement plans of Ilam city in line with appropriate management measures. In this vein, in the current research, an integrated approach to prepare an aesthetic map with the aim of showing the spatial distribution of the supply of aesthetic services in the Ilam urban watershed has been presented, the results of which can greatly influence planning and managerial decisions regarding future development towards urban sustainability by preserving natural ecosystems.

Spatial distribution of providing aesthetic ecosystem services in Ilam urban watershed using 12 visual and ecological criteria including: slope, Elevation, geomorphology, land use, habitat characteristics, visibility of various areas, visibility of roads, visibility of residential areas, visibility of the river, visibility of the park, type and density of vegetation were investigated. To prepare visibility layers, Viewshed function was used in TerrSet Idrisi software. Then, the input layers were integrated using fuzzy membership functions and using the weighted linear combination method in the ArcGIS 10.8 system. Among the multi-criteria decision-making methods, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to prioritize the criteria.

Based on the results of the hierarchical analysis process and according to the results of the experts Among the input criteria, visibility of the river, type of vegetation and visibility of diverse areas were assigned the most weight with values of 0.14, 0.127 and 0.116 respectively. On the other hand, the least importance and weight was observed in the measure of road visibility. Based on the final map of aesthetic quality, the best quality of this service is in the parts of the north, east, southeast and west of the Ilam urban watershed, where these places have the best visibility of the river, visibility of various areas, high to medium altitude and with dominant forest cover.

The results of this study showed, that areas with forest cover and areas with human uses have the highest and lowest capacity of this service in the study area, respectively, which denotes the importance of natural green uses compared to artificial uses and human-made is in providing aesthetic service. These results indicate that the capacity of the watershed ecosystem of Ilam city in providing aesthetic services varies in different places and is influenced by various factors, especially topographic changes and land use patterns. That is to say, prevent land use change is an important factor for maintaining ecosystem services. Because the land use Changes pattern affects the capacity of the ecosystem to produce goods and services. The results of this research also, by presenting the spatial distribution model of aesthetic service potential can be useful for decision makers, managers and urban planners in order to monitor and protect aesthetic values and it is important and useful to adopt urban landscape management strategies and plans in the landscape of the studied area.

Goods and services that are provided by ecosystems in favorable environmental conditions, for the welfare of humans, are called ecosystem services. Recreational ecosystem service, which is in the category of cultural services, is one of the most valuable services in urban ecosystems, which increases the physical and mental health of the urban residents. Recreational value is defined as the capacity of ecosystems to provide recreational opportunities such as walking, cycling, plant and animal viewing, running and outdoor sports. Due to the importance of ecosystem services, the present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating and quantifying recreational services in Behbahan county.

In this study, a combination of Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 images was used to prepare a land use map for 2021. The image was prepared with the maximum Likelihood algorithm in 12 class. Outdoor recreation was also modeled by the Recreational Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) method. In this model, the final recreation map is classified into 9 classes. This model can be used in almost all surveys of the landscape and it is a practical process with principles that force managers to justify management from the three perspectives of resource protection, opportunity for public use, and meeting favorable conditions in the region.

The results of recreational ecosystem service supply in Behbahan county show that the sixth Category (Medium provision - not easily accessible) and the eighth Category (High provision - accessible) in the current situation have the highest and lowest land cover, respectively. The places in the northeast of the region have the highest recreational potential due to the location of the Maron Dam and the protected areas of the city. In addition, there are no human activities and aggregation of urban areas in these Places. In the center of the region, due to the accumulation of urban areas and the network of roads, the recreational potential is at its lowest. Also, parts of the south and west of the region have relatively favorable recreational potential. The composition of the area cover in these parts includes water areas and dense range. According to the results, recreational opportunities were affected by topography. Because in the northern landscape, due to the mountainous nature and other natural attractions (water bodies, forests and protected areas), there are more recreational opportunities than the center and other parts which is located at lower altitudes and is mainly covered by human activities. In addition, places with low population density and far from the city center and roads always show a higher opportunity for recreation.

According to the results, understanding the environmental effects of land use change and urban sprawl on recreational ecosystem service may help to achieve cost-effective results in the future. In this regard, policymakers and planners of Behbahan county should focus on improving leisure opportunities in the central, southern, western and southwestern regions. Due to the fact that recreational ecosystem service in Behbahan county is different in different places, thus, this result highlights the importance of using the value of ecosystem services in urban planning and policy priorities.

Cultural ecosystem services are defined as non-material benefits people obtain from a direct contact with ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, reflection, recreation, and aesthetic experiences. Policy and decision-making for environmental management, land-use planning and development at different scales can be enhanced by quantification and incorporation of ecosystem services. Incommensurability with valuation methods has led researchers to assess the cultural services using noneconomic techniques such as multi criteria analysis. However, cultural services are assessed less than other services due to the lack of sufficient knowledge and appropriate criteria. Therefore, this research has tried to identify criteria for evaluation of cultural services using literature review and content analysis. Then, the criteria have been prioritized for cultural services assessment through Delphi method. In the study area, the aspects aesthetic, educational, heritage, inspirational, sense of place, recreational, religious and spiritual with a normalized coefficient of 0.1808, 0.1545, 0.1382, 0.1303, 0.1265 and 0.1190 were the most important criteria, respectively.

Ecosystem services are valuable resources that a natural environment provides directly or indirectly to humans. The term of ecosystem services is a key concept in the field of sustainable development. Cultural ecosystem services are the immaterial benefits and out comes that people receive from the environment. These services are intangible and have different features from other ecosystem services. In general, with the decrease of cultural interactions between people and their environment, social identity is lost and it leads to cultural disorders and will lead to an isolated society. Also, the opportunity to enjoy the aesthetic features and natural and cultural benefits of the environment will be limited, and this will have negative effects on the mental and psychological health of the citizens. This process will ultimately lead to a reduction in cultural services received from the environment, which will in turn lead to high costs for the treatment of diseases and environmental problems and the fight against crime. In other words, ignoring cultural services in the environment and related decisions can destroy lifestyles and identities, endanger people's health, increase social inequality and cause conflicts in society. Urban space is the platform for the formation of sources of tourism supply and demand. Tourism can ultimately change the cultural services in the ecosystem by changing the culture. As the importance of culture in receiving cultural services in ecosystem becomes clear, the protection of culture becomes necessary; and since there is a mutually beneficial relationship between culture and tourism, the protection of culture and its expansion can be guaranteed by truism. District 1 of Ardabil city includes the central core of Ardabil city. Therefore, this region houses most of historical complexes of Ardabil city, which has a unique composition and spatial organization in terms of history. also the oldest and most valuable textures and buildings of Ardabil city are located in this district. Therefore, the special touristic conditions of this district and due to the existence of various attractions it have always been known as one of the destinations of domestic and foreign tourists. Since this tourism space can play an important role in promoting the cultural services of the ecosystem, so it is selected as a case study of the present study.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose. Also, descriptive-analytical method has been used to describe the characteristics and features of the study area in a realistic and systematic way. The research method in this research is a combination of quantitative and qualitative method. In this study, a sequential exploratory design of equal importance has been used. Also, for data analysis and information, survey method (questionnaire) and statistical analysis software SPSS and SMART PLS were used. The statistical population in this study is divided into two categories. The first category includes the Delphi group, whose opinions were used to identify the components of cultural services of the ecosystem. In this field there are, experts from professors, managers, experts in tourism and people working in this field and experts related to tourism; whom were selected by purposive sampling method. The second statistical population includes citizens of district 1 of Ardabil city, or in other words, residents, employees or people who are constantly in contact with this study area. Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size, and based on this formula, with a 95% confidence level and a 70% probability of having the characteristic in the community, 384 people were selected as the research sample. The method of this study is simple random sampling. The Delphi method was used to identify the components of factors of ecosystem's cultural services so that these components could be used as a tool to measure the impact of tourism on ecosystem's cultural services. Finally, 36 components were identified for ecosystem cultural services factors. Structural equation modeling and second-order factor analysis have been used to assess the significance of the relationships between the independent variable and the dependent variables. Also, COPRAS technique has been used to prioritize the components of ecosystem's cultural services in being affected by the tourism environment of district 1 of Ardabil city.

When considering the types of impacts of tourism (economic, social, cultural and environmental) we should consider the fact that segregating this multilateral effects and dividing them are not as easy as it seems. In other words, we cannot classify the effects of tourism only as social, environmental or economic effects. Rather, these effects tend to have many interconnected dimensions. In this study, by reviewing previous studies and theoretical perspectives, the analytical framework is based on the fact that tourism spaces in cities have a significant relationship with ecosystem cultural services. Therefore, the results of this study have been considered to be used to analyze the quantitatively and qualitatively of the impact of tourism in the district 1 of Ardabil city to promote then cultural services of the ecosystem. The results of the analysis of questionnaires show that there is a significant relationship between tourism in district 1 of Ardabil city and the promotion of cultural services in the ecosystem. Because the amount of t value of all research variables is higher than 1.96. So that the factor of knowledge and educational with t- value equal to 11.019 has the highest value and then the factor of cultural heritage with the value of 9.623, the factor of sense of place with the value of 9.129, the factor of social relations with the value of 8.520, the factor of aesthetic values with 7.839 and cultural diversity with 7.279 shows a significant relationship with tourism. Also, analyses of the amount of R2 related to each of the endogenous hidden variables shows that the tourism variable explains all the factors related to the ecosystem's cultural services in a relative way. The results of using the COPRAS technique to rank the factors of cultural services in ecosystem in the extent of being affected by the tourism environment of district 1 of Ardabil city, show that the factor of knowledge and educational values with the highest Qi (0.213) is in the first place.

Cultural ecosystem services are usually defined as non-material benefits that people obtain from a direct contact with natural environments through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, reflection, recreational activities, and aesthetic experiences. Policy and decision-making for environmental management, land-use planning and development at different scales can be enhanced by quantification and incorporation of ecosystem services. Incommensurability with valuation methods has led researchers to assess the cultural services using noneconomic techniques. In this research, multi criteria evaluation method was applied to assess cultural services ecosystem. In the first step, seven criteria were identified and prioritized based on Delphi method. Then, a map layer was created for each criterion. After standardizing layers, they were weighted by analytical hierarchy process. Finally, study area was divided in zones based on cultural ecosystem services. The results of this study using zonal land suitability assessment indicated that considerable amount of cultural services are located in Golestan national park and Bahramnnia research forest.