جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Health Economics » در نشریات گروه « محیط زیست »

Water pollution is chemical, biological, microbic pollution, and pollution by waste materials in lakes, rivers, oceans and underground waters. Pollutants that cause water pollution include a wide range of chemical materials, pathogens, sensory and physical changes like increase in temperature and changes in color. Water pollution, whether biological, that is due to the existence of pathogenic microbes, or chemical, that is due to the existence of polluting chemical materials, causes many illnesses and several disorders to individual or public health. Therefore, the main purpose of this article investigation is the impact of water pollution on death rate and Health Expenditure as indicators of health economics in a the selected European countries. This article is an applied research, causal and inferential research by methodology.
The results of the estimation models using Fixed Effect shows that water pollution has a significant and positive effect on death rate and Health Expenditure as indicators of health economics in the selected countries. The scarcity of water resources and their pollution is an alarm call indicating the shortage of healthy water resources in the future. To counter this crisis, water consumption management is the best option

Background and Air pollution is one of the environmental problems in recent years and development of societies and industrialization and technological progress has become a serious threat to the mankind. Air pollution causes the spread of disease and subsequently more health care fund is needed in communities. This problem has imposed an economic burden on the society and government channels such as improvement of health indicators and increased human capital and labor productivity and it is followed by economic growth. Nowadays many countries recognized the importance of environmental issues and they lay down some rules and as the result the risks of this issue at the national level or international agreements have been set.
Analysis It is an applied research and the method of the study is causation and the method of research and its modality is based on presumption.
The main purpose of this article is investigate the relationship between the level of effectiveness of air pollution as an indicator of environmental quality and Health Expenditure as an indicator of Health Economics in selected middle income countries and countries with the highest air pollution by using panel data. The results of the estimated model using Fixed Effects among the selected countries for period 2000-2012 illustrates that the effect of air pollution on Health Expenditure is significant and positive.