جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Locating » در نشریات گروه « محیط زیست »

The purpose of this research is providing a suitable model for locating emergency accommodation caused by natural and unnatural disasters in the 19th district of Tehran.

The research method is descriptive-analytical and data analysis is done using MCDM and Arc GIS and Excel system. The statistical population was selected from among the variables of emergency accommodation location and the sampling method was simple and the sampling volume was obtained using Morgan's table (n = 19). The research tool was a questionnaire that was quantitatively designed and its questions were extracted using emergency accommodation standards and distributed among experts. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its value was 0.421. The reliability of the questionnaire was also calculated using SPSS20 software with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.827.

finding of the present research was considered from 3 main criteria (desirability, compatibility and capacity) and 18 sub-criteria to determine accommodation. In the process of locating emergency accommodation, first, information layers were prepared, then standardization and AHP coefficients were applied to them, and finally, after weighting them, layers were overlapped.

After the final production of the settlement map and according to the results of this research, 28 zones with a value of 7-9 were accepted for settlement. Also, 17 areas with a value of 7 (relatively good), 7 areas with a value of 8 (good) and 4 areas with a value of 9 (ideal) were identified in the study area for emergency accommodation. In total, 1,321,8725 square meters, equivalent to 1,321 hectares, were habitable in District 19 of Tehran.

Urban parks have a significant role in reducing air pollution and improving the quality of life of the people living in urban areas. Planning and site selection of urban parks can significantly change a man-made environment to an ideal human society and enhance the quality of life and identity of the inhabitants by promoting the visual beauty and reducing the adverse effects of industrial development. The aim of this study was to evaluate and locate neighborhood parks using the principles of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) in Ardabil city.

The used method was functional in terms of its objective and descriptive analysis in terms of its nature. The studied criteria consisted 12 components grouped for the spatial distribution of neighborhood parks. In this study, CRITIC techniques and pair-wise comparison were used to weight the criteria. Subsequently, the Vikor multi-criteria decision-making method was used in IDRISI to develope an appropriate model for the spatial distribution of green spaces in Ardabil. The obtained results were presented in the form of a graded map of desirability of place.

The results show that priority pixels introduced in the model output have optimum conditions in terms of the defined criteria. Discussion and

This model can be used as a decision support system in the spatial distribution of the existing neighborhood parks.

Landslides are classified as natural disasters that pose financial losses and deaths in the country annually. Besides, identification of high risk areas can be effective in reducing the damage and improving decisions on land-development policies. Preparation of landslide zoning map makes it possible to identify the vulnerable areas and use them in various environmental programs. In this study, the multi-criteria methods were presented to create the landslide capability map using geographical information system and decision rules. The aim of producing landslide capability map is to reduce the risks of landslides and support land development policies in the watershed scale. In this regards, different factors such as geology, slope, aspect, landuse, distance to road, rivers and fault maps were employed. Additionally, slope and river maps were expressed as restrictions. After weighing the factors and sub-factors, the landslide sensitivity maps were converted to the values ranged as 0-1. Afterward, in terms of sensitivity the final map was classified to three classes of low risk, moderate risk and high risk. The results showed that some factors such as precipitation, geology and slope have the highest impact on landslide occurrence and should be considered with more emphasis in order to be used for planning and policy making in the study area. According to the results, the first group factors including geology, landuse, slope and aspect and the second group factors including land distance from fault, river, road and rainfall are weighed as 0.6 and 0.4, respectively.

The health services are one of the most important activities, that inaccessibility to them could jeopardize the health of citizens. Since a lot of decisions about the care and health planning, is associated with the place subject, determining the location of the establishment of service centers is one of the major issues in current societies, that has created significant cost and time. The aim of this study is an analysis of the optimum locating of the health usages by using MCDM techniques in Ardabil city. Methodology is analytic-descriptive, that after identifying effective factors in the locating of the health usages, the map of situational criteria and neighboring criteria has been created. Then the layers of informational were prepared by the GIS. Also after that valuation and standardization was performed using fuzzy sets CRITIC method has been used for the weighting of factors. The findings of the research show that the locating of existing health centers in Ardebil city has not followed a logical and scientific process. The immense accumulation of health use in the center, the southwest, and partly the north of Ardebil has caused that regions of the north-west, the south-east and the north-east, they suffer from the shortage of these two use. That represents the incorrect locating of this use in city. Due to the output map of the VIKOR model and its comparison with the existing status map; it was found that suitable lands for creating green space are significantly different with the existing map. Therefore, among the examined criteria, distance factor from the religious centers, distance from the existing health centers, distance from the educational centers, distance from the cemetery and distance from the industrial centers, respectively, are the most important factors in determining the appropriate location for the establishment of health centers in Ardabil city. The appropriate areas provided by the model, for the construction of these centers, mainly has located in the southern, the northeastern and the north-western parts of the city of Ardebil, which lack a health center.In the end, can say, the results of this study that reflected as the results of multi-criteria analysis, using VIKOR method, demonstrate the capability of this technique in the role as a decision-making support system (DSS),to select the appropriate options for studying the locating of health centers in Ardebil city.

Urban development along with advances in technology and industry, In addition to the change in countenance and body of the city, have a shift in the cultural, social, economic of citizens. These fundamental changes, cause increased demand and consequently supply of goods and services. . In the meantime, the emergence of problems such as traffic has increased the requires large stores to cover all the needs of citizens. In this regard, thematic markets such as mobile phone markets, carpets, etc., including the latest methods of distribution and sale of products in the field of trade. Now days, including thematic markets in urban settings, is highly regarded both producers and consumers, is Auto Malls. Auto Malls is a place to focus on services and trading account. In addition to focusing on economic transactions, prevents from social, cultural and economic and environmental damage in scattered surfaces throughout the city. This market because of offers extensive services and the rally cars, need to locating the correct and appropriate place to prevent any damage to urban areas or increasing environmental pollution load at the city level. Therefore, in this research with studies of different projects at different levels, Environmental criteria for site selection were selected and then with help of Hierarchy Process (AHP) revealed their importance and were ranked. In this regard three criterias, natural, safety and environmental compatibility were chosen as the main criteria, and natural criteria that consists of the following seven criteria with relative weight 0.528 was determined as the most important criteria in the Auto Mall site selection on the basis of environmental criteria.

City parks are one of the most important urban land use and states of their distribution in city has high important in city. Zone 3 of municipal Mashhad in terms of city green space has no appropriate status so that green space per capita is 1.7 that it is away from united nation standardsand also this district in comparison to Mashhad (with 9.8 per capita) shows low proportion while the district under study in terms of population is one of the most density of Mashhad districts cityparks in order to reduction and diminish shortage and deficiencies in this district. For achieve this aim the lands of district must be valued based on criterions such as gray land, distance from educational and cultural institution, population density. Access to city infrastructure and city arteries and distance from parks and green space, than by using raster calculator model at Arc Gis. the required layers have provide and than have allocated a appropriate Weight to every layer upon their in locating green space. the 3rd zone Green space per capita is 1.7 meters, That demonstrate 774,347 square meters lack comparing with standard percapita. Considering high population density of this area, new green spaces are needed. and Base on results of combing the information layer land of district for choosing the best place for making green space, have prioritized. finally, the prioritized land compared with land use map that had consistent with present land use.

Today, one of the most prominent health and environmental problems of cities is ascending trend of solid wastes. This must be managed and the institutionalization of phenomena such as recycling, composting, and so on from municipal solid waste must be taken into consideration. In Iran, there is no essential management in collection, disposal and recycling of over 40 thousand tons of the waste per day which approximately 70 percent of them can be recycled into compost with thousands of plastics, papers and cartons. Thus, the waste are buried in the excess trend or scattered around cities. Usually based on the weight and physical composition of municipal solid wastes, we can say that most components of municipal solid wastes after organic solid wastes and an important part of municipal and industrial solid wastes in most parts of the world are paper wastes. While amount of recyclable paper waste generated in Iran is considerable, but only a small part of that is recycled and the remaining is exerted as garbage. While, it is possible to recycle the most part of the paper waste for the production of paper with high quality. In the recent decades, with growing public awareness of the dangers of uncontrolled harvesting of hardwood resources, increasing prices of raw materials for paper production, decreasing the forest area in some major areas of wood production and resistance of organizations and environmentalists against the dameges, there are increasing demands towards the recycling of consumed paper in order to meet the needs for paper. There are various capacities in the converting machines for the paper recovery that provide the possibility for developing paper recovery centers in the regains with medium or large areas. With these qualities, investing in the creation of paper recovery units and consequently selecting appropriate locations for the deployment of these units is a critical step for municipal waste management system. Therefore, it is necessary to institutionalize using of decision support systems, in process of site selection for paper recovery units. The process to determine the suitability of land for locating paper recovery centers requires consideration of multiple criteria. That makes it necessary to use multi-criteria analysis models and techniques as inevitable choice. Thus, using multi-criteria models and techniques that are applied in conjunction with GIS capabilities can be considered as the outstanding aspects of decision support systems (DSS) in the decision process. Using decision rules, we can classify alternatives according to priority in the process of site selection. Accordingly, in this paper, there are intentions to test the operational capabilities of TOPSIS model as one of the leading techniques in multi-criteria decision making. This is applied in the experimental field of site selection for paper recovery centers in Fars Province. The data and tools used in this paper are maps and information that have been collected based on the need for the criteria and the constraints that are applied to determine the desirability of lands in locating paper recovery centers in Fars Province. In this study, softwares have been used to fit the needs in the phases of data entry, data storage, data management, data processing, data analysis, and etc. These softwares are including Excel 2007, Arc GIS 9.3, ARC View 3.3, Kilimanjaro IDRISI, and ILWIS 3.3. The main steps in the process of this study related to the research methodology are: 1. Providing criterion and constraint maps that are used in locating landfills which have led to defining of 10 criteria and 8 constraints. 2. Valuation and standardization of criterion maps: the process of valuation and standardization was performed based on value of membership in fuzzy set. Standardization was performed using the possibilities that exist in the FUZZY function of IDRISI Kilimanjaro software. 3. The method for weighting criterion maps: in this step, we have tried to determine criterion weights and criterion significance coefficient by using CRITIC method. 4. Operational use of multi-criteria decision rules: in this step, there is intention to test the operational capabilities of TOPSIS model as a prominent example of the multi-criteria analysis techniques in the experimental field of the site selection for paper recovery centers in Fars Province In this research, classified maps represent suitability of locations for paper recovery centers.The values are assigned by the accomplishment of operational procedures and guidelines that is obtained the process of using TOPSIS method (Fig. 1). In the obtained map as the scoreof each pixel approaches to 1, this is indicating favorable conditions for that pixel to be selected as a paper recovery center. Taking to consideration the constraints (Fig. 2), these pixels can be used proportionally to show the ability of that area for another landuse. Therefore, obtained maps can be used as guidance by the decision makers in selecting appropriate locations for paper recovery centers. For further documentation of the validity of land use suitability map that has been acquired in the process of using TOPSIS, we have tried to investigate on the characteristic of one sample pixel that is selected as preferable and is located on the area with no constraints, dealt with defined criteria. In this paper by considering Fars Province as a case study, capabilities and operational mechanisms of TOPSIS model has been tested in site selection of paper recovery centers. In this step, there was the goal to test the operational capabilities of TOPSIS model as a prominent example of the multi-criteria analysis techniques in the experimental field of the site selection for paper recovery centers in Fars Province. For further documentation of the validity of land use suitability map acquired in the process TOPSIS application, we have tried to investigate further on the conditions of one sample pixel that is selected as suitable pixel on the area with no constraints. Results of the investigation indicatethat the pixels that are selected as preferable pixels in the output map have the optimal conditions in terms of defined criteria. For example, this pixel that has been selected as a preferable pixel is labeled with scores more than 230 in 9 criteria and is located in the acceptable condition in terms of degree of membership in fuzzy function. Therefore, this model can be used as a Decision Support System (DSS) in the modeling spatial arrangement of paper recovery centers.