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جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Mining » در نشریات گروه « محیط زیست »

تکرار جستجوی کلیدواژه «Mining» در نشریات گروه «علوم پایه»
  • محمدجواد عبدالملکی*، مرجان سالاری، سمیه عبدالملکی

    معدن کاری و استخراج منابع معدنی علاوه بر اینکه یک صنعت جهانی است نقش مهمی را نیز در اقتصاد و سرنوشت هر کشوری دارد. با توجه به اینکه عملیات معدن کاری در مناطق دورافتاده و حساس از نظر زیست محیطی و یا کمتر توسعه یافته انجام می گیرد، اما نمی توان از این نکته مهم چشم پوشی نمود که مشکلات فراوانی همچون آلودگی آب های سطحی و آب های زیرزمینی و مرگ ومیر آبزیان را به وجود می آورد. اگر معدن کاری به شیوه ای پایدار مدیریت شود، علاوه بر ایجاد شغل، نوآوری و ترغیب سرمایه گذاری باعث تقویت زیرساخت های حیاتی هر کشوری خواهد شد. در صورت مدیریت ضعیف، معدن کاری منجر به تخریب محیط زیست، جابه جایی جمعیت، نابرابری و افزایش درگیری و سایر چالش ها می شود. معدنکاری سبز نوع مدرنی از الگوی معدن کاری است که هدف اصلی آن استخراج منابع به صورت بهینه و به مقدار کافی ،کاهش اثرات زیست محیطی، ایجاد توازن و بهینه سازی منافع سرمایه گذاری و جامعه بر اساس شاخص هایی توسعه پایدار است که توسط سازمان ملل (SDG) معرفی شده اند. معدن به عنوان یکی از قدیمی ترین فعالیت های انسان می باشد که توسعه اقتصادی، فرهنگی و فنی جوامع و کشورها را در طول تاریخ بر عهده داشته است. هدف از شاخص های معرفی شده سازمان ملل دستیابی به توسعه پایدار در معدن کاری و در نظر گرفتن تمامی ابعاد موثر در زندگی ساکنان اطراف معادن اعم از اقتصادی، اجتماعی و محیط زیستی می باشد. در این تحقیق توصیفی-کتابخانه ای، به بررسی و بحث در مورد تطابق بین فعالیت معدنی و SDGها و ارتباط معدن با محیط پیرامون پرداخته می شود. نخست به تعریف ابعاد توسعه و در نهایت به بررسی شاخص های توسعه پایدار پرداخته می شود.

    کلید واژگان: معدن, توسعه پایدار, سازمان ملل, SDG}
    MohammadJavad Abdolmalki *, Marjan Salari, Somaye Abdolmalki

    Mining and extraction of mineral resources, in addition to being a global industry, it also plays an important role in the economy and destiny of any country. Due to the fact that mining operations are carried out in remote and environmentally sensitive or less developed areas, we cannot ignore the important point that it causes many problems such as surface water and ground water pollution and aquatic mortality. If mining is managed in a sustainable manner, in addition to creating jobs, innovation and encouraging investment, it will strengthen the critical infrastructure of any country. In the case of poor management, mining leads to environmental destruction, population displacement, inequality and increased conflict and other challenges. If mining is managed in a sustainable manner, so creating jobs, innovation and encouraging investment, it will strengthen the critical infrastructure of any country. In case of poor management, mining leads to environmental destruction, population displacement, inequality and increased conflict and other challenges. Green mining is a modern type of mining model whose main goal is to extract resources optimally and in sufficient quantity, reduce environmental impacts, create balance and optimize the benefits of investment and society based on sustainable development indicators introduced by the United Nations (SDG). Mining is one of the oldest human activities that has been responsible for the economic, cultural and technical development of societies and countries throughout history. The goal of the indicators introduced by the United Nations is to achieve sustainable development in mining and to take into account all aspects that are effective in the lives of the residents around the mines, including economic, social and environmental aspects. In this descriptive-library research, the compatibility between mining activity and SDGs and the relationship between mining and the surrounding environment are investigated and discussed. First, the dimensions of development are defined and finally, sustainable development indicators are examined.Mining and extraction of mineral resources, in addition to being a global industry, it also plays an important role in the economy and destiny of any country. Due to the fact that mining operations are carried out in remote and environmentally sensitive or less developed areas, we cannot ignore the important point that it causes many problems such as surface water and ground water pollution and aquatic mortality. If mining is managed in a sustainable manner, in addition to creating jobs, innovation and encouraging investment, it will strengthen the critical infrastructure of any country. In the case of poor management, mining leads to environmental destruction, population displacement, inequality and increased conflict and other challenges. If mining is managed in a sustainable manner, so creating jobs, innovation and encouraging investment, it will strengthen the critical infrastructure of any country. In case of poor management, mining leads to environmental destruction, population displacement, inequality and increased conflict and other challenges. Green mining is a modern type of mining model whose main goal is to extract resources optimally and in sufficient quantity, reduce environmental impacts, create balance and optimize the benefits of investment and society based on sustainable development indicators introduced by the United Nations (SDG). Mining is one of the oldest human activities that has been responsible for the economic, cultural and technical development of societies and countries throughout history. The goal of the indicators introduced by the United Nations is to achieve sustainable development in mining and to take into account all aspects that are effective in the lives of the residents around the mines, including economic, social and environmental aspects. In this descriptive-library research, the compatibility between mining activity and SDGs and the relationship between mining and the surrounding environment are investigated and discussed. First, the dimensions of development are defined and finally, sustainable development indicators are examined.Mining and extraction of mineral resources, in addition to being a global industry, it also plays an important role in the economy and destiny of any country. Due to the fact that mining operations are carried out in remote and environmentally sensitive or less developed areas, we cannot ignore the important point that it causes many problems such as surface water and ground water pollution and aquatic mortality. If mining is managed in a sustainable manner, in addition to creating jobs, innovation and encouraging investment, it will strengthen the critical infrastructure of any country. In the case of poor management, mining leads to environmental destruction, population displacement, inequality and increased conflict and other challenges. If mining is managed in a sustainable manner, so creating jobs, innovation and encouraging investment, it will strengthen the critical infrastructure of any country. In case of poor management, mining leads to environmental destruction, population displacement, inequality and increased conflict and other challenges. Green mining is a modern type of mining model whose main goal is to extract resources optimally and in sufficient quantity, reduce environmental impacts, create balance and optimize the benefits of investment and society based on sustainable development indicators introduced by the United Nations (SDG). Mining is one of the oldest human activities that has been responsible for the economic, cultural and technical development of societies and countries throughout history. The goal of the indicators introduced by the United Nations is to achieve sustainable development in mining and to take into account all aspects that are effective in the lives of the residents around the mines, including economic, social and environmental aspects. In this descriptive-library research, the compatibility between mining activity and SDGs and the relationship between mining and the surrounding environment are investigated and discussed. First, the dimensions of development are defined and finally, sustainable development indicators are examined.Mining and extraction of mineral resources, in addition to being a global industry, it also plays an important role in the economy and destiny of any country. Due to the fact that mining operations are carried out in remote and environmentally sensitive or less developed areas, we cannot ignore the important point that it causes many problems such as surface water and ground water pollution and aquatic mortality. If mining is managed in a sustainable manner, in addition to creating jobs, innovation and encouraging investment, it will strengthen the critical infrastructure of any country. In the case of poor management, mining leads to environmental destruction, population displacement, inequality and increased conflict and other challenges. If mining is managed in a sustainable manner, so creating jobs, innovation and encouraging investment, it will strengthen the critical infrastructure of any country. In case of poor management, mining leads to environmental destruction, population displacement, inequality and increased conflict and other challenges. Green mining is a modern type of mining model whose main goal is to extract resources optimally and in sufficient quantity, reduce environmental impacts, create balance and optimize the benefits of investment and society based on sustainable development indicators introduced by the United Nations (SDG). Mining is one of the oldest human activities that has been responsible for the economic, cultural and technical development of societies and countries throughout history. The goal of the indicators introduced by the United Nations is to achieve sustainable development in mining and to take into account all aspects that are effective in the lives of the residents around the mines, including economic, social and environmental aspects. In this descriptive-library research, the compatibility between mining activity and SDGs and the relationship between mining and the surrounding environment are investigated and discussed. First, the dimensions of development are defined and finally, sustainable development indicators are examined.

    Keywords: Mining, sustainable development, United Nations, SDG}
  • امین زراعتکار*، زیبا جم زاد، عادل جلیلی، فرزانه خواجوئی نسب
    حدود 15درصد از گونه های جنسDionysia  تنها در استان های فارس و کهگیلویه و بویراحمد رشد می کنند. با هدف تعیین میزان خطر انقراض و برنامه ریزی های حفاظتی، وضعیت حفاظتی 7 گونه انحصاری این جنس در این دو استان با استفاده از شاخصB  و C (به ترتیب محدوده جغرافیایی و اندازه جمعیت های کوچک) شیوه نامه اتحادیه بین المللی حفاظت از طبیعت مطالعه و بررسی شد. همچنین نکاتی پیرامون جایگاه حفاظتی گونه های تازه کشف شده Dionysia jamzadiae و D. splendens ارایه شد. نتایج نشان داد، همه گونه ها در بحران انقراض (CR) هستند. معدن کاوی های گسترده، احداث جاده، کوه خواری و گسترش شهرها، برخی از رویشگاه های این گیاهان را به طورکلی نابود و به برخی آسیب های جدی وارد کرده است. برای حفاظت از این گیاهان، رویشگاه های آنها باید توسط سازمان منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری کشور به عنوان رویشگاه حفاظت شده اعلام شود.
    کلید واژگان: تغییر کاربری, معدن کاوی, گیاهان زینتی, بومی, گردشگری, پامچالیان}
    Amin Zeraatkar *, Ziba Jamzad, Adel Jalili, Farzaneh Khajoei Nasab
    In the flora of Iran, c. 15 percent of the Dionysia species are endemics in Fars and Kohgiluyeh va Boyer-Ahmad provinces. The IUCN Red List criteria, i.e., criteria B and C (geographic range and small population size, respectively) are used to evaluate the risk of extinction and necessary planning for the species protection. Moreover, the conservation status of the recently discovered Dionysia jamzadiae and D. splendens are discussed here. Our findings show all the species are Critically Endangered (CR). Some habitats of these plants have been destroyed or severely damaged as a result of the massive expansion of mines, construction of roads, and urbanization in mountainous regions. To protect these plants, their habitats must be designated as a protected area by the Forests and Rangelands and Watershed Management Organization of Iran.
    Keywords: Land-use change, mining, ornamental plants, native, tourism, Primulaceae}
  • Dante Salas-Mercado, Marian Hermoza-Gutierrez, Germán Belizario-Quispe, Fermín Chaiña, Edgar Quispe, Dante Salas-Ávila *
    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of potentially toxic elements in the Suches river using standardized geochemical indices and to identify the main sources of contamination in the section from the Suches lagoon up to 33.8 km downstream of the effluent river, in the district of Cojata, Puno, Peru. The concentration of Al, Ba, Co, Fe, M, Ni, P, V and Zn in sediments of the Suches river was determined by means of mass spectrometry from October 2019 to February 2020. The values of Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, P and Zn exceeded the base values of contamination according to the general geological references while Al, Ba and V, did not surpass them. The contamination factor showed that the elements Co and Ni revealed a very high level of contamination, while the Zn, a considerable level. The area has an average pollution load index value of 2.24, indicating moderate general pollution. The elements Co, Ni, Al and Zn were within the moderate and extreme classification according to the pollution index. The Spearman's correlation analysis allowed determining the association between Al, Fe, Mn, P and V, which share a natural origin and the accumulation of these elements is due to the effects of weathering and soil erosion. The evaluation of the contamination indices and the correlation confirm that Cobalt, Nickel and Zinc are toxic elements associated with gold mining and agricultural activities.
    Keywords: Sediment pollution, Water quality, Freshwater, mining}
  • Muyiwa Michael Orosun *, Taiye Benjamin Ajibola, Olusegun Emmanuel Ehinlafa, Ahmad Kolawole Issah, Banji Naheem Salawu, Sunday Danladi Ishaya, Kelechi Kingsley Ochommadu, Abayomi Daniel Adewuyi
    Mining activities are generally known to enhance the concentration of primordial radionuclides in the environment thereby contributing immensely to human exposure to ionizing radiation of terrestrial origin. Thus, the abandoned Tin and Cassiterite mining site in Oyun, Kwara State, Nigeria, is believed to cause radiological implications on local residents.  Assessment of radon concentration in surface water from the study area was carried out using RAD7-Active Electronic detector big bottle system. In order to ascertain the risk or hazard incurable in consuming such water, 12 samples were analysed and used in the estimation of annual effective dose of radon. The measured maximum and minimum radon concentrations were found to be 44.95 and 21.03 Bq/L with average of 35.86 Bq/L. These values are quite greater than the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) recommended limits of 11.1.Bq/L. The estimated total effective dose (AEDEtotal) was found to be within the range of 206.52 and 441.41 μSvy-1, and an average of 352.20 μSvy-1 for Adults, 283.30 and 605.47 μSvy-1, and average of 483.10 μSvy-1 for Children, and finally, 321.70 and 687.47 μSvy-1 with average of 548.64 μSvy-1 for Infants, respectively. These values were higher than the recommended limit of 100 µSvy-1 and 200 µSvy-1 for adult and children respectively. Furthermore, worries should be noted about the probabilistic cumulative effect on the consumers of such water if the ingestion is for an extended period of time.
    Keywords: TIN, Cassiterite, mining, Radon, Annual Effective Dose}
  • D.S. Kumar *, S.H. Bhushan, D.A. Kishore
    Dispersion modeling approach was applied for the determination of SO2 and NO2 pollution in the ambient air. The model performance has been evaluated by comparing the measured and predicted concentrations of SO2 and NO2. This has been tested to measure the air quality and predicted incremental value of pollutant’s concentrations by using the data available from the industrial and mining cluster for a period of one year covering from March’ 2015 to February’ 2016 where more accuracy and specific result oriented is concerned. The maximum cumulative predicted value of SO2 is 6.99 µg/m3 and NO2 is 15.98 µg/m3. It has been found that the overall resultant concentrations are far below the prescribed standard in all stations. As revealed from the present research that, there is no such pollution impact to the nearby villages where industrial and mining activities are concerned in the study area. This paper can be used as better reference for further and future research in the area, as there is no such study has been carried out before in the specific area.
    Keywords: Ambient air, Atmospheric dispersion model (AERMOD), Industrial, mining, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Sulfur dioxide (SO2)}
  • Abbas Ali Damangir, Akbar Baghvand, Seyed Masoud Monavari *, Faramarz Moattar
    Objective
    Metal concentrations in 53 soil samples of Shahr-e-Babak were determined.  
    Methods
    Assessment of enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index revealed higher degree of contamination of Cd, Pb, and Cu in soil samples. Moreover, results of metal fractionation study revealed high amount of Cd and Pb are associated in weakly bounds may lead to environmental risk of these metals.  
    Results
    According to the results of risk assessment code and pollution index, Cd and Pb have the high risk of release and pollution degree in soil samples of Shahr-e-Babak. A new quality index named industrial pollution index was developed based on background values of metal and their toxicity in soil samples. Results exhibits higher degree of pollution based on new index (Iind) in south-eastern and central part of the study area where is close to the main anthropogenic sources.
    Keywords: Shahr-e-Babak, heavy metals, Soil pollution, index, Mining}
  • S. Veerasingam, P. Vethamony, P. Vethamony, R. Mani Murali, M.T. Babu
    The Mandovi estuary is highly influenced by mining and tourism related activities in the central west coast of India. Vertical fluxes and accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) in three sediment cores (D1, C1 and OG) from the Mandovi estuary were assessed using Ultra-Violet Fluorescence (UVF) spectroscopy. The range of PHCs values in estuarine sediments varied from 5.4 to 12.34 μg/g Enrichment of PHCs values in the upper parts of three sediment cores were mostly derived from terrestrial and marinerelated sources including petrogenic (discharge of land based effluents and petroleum products), pyrogenic (emission of fly ash from industries and vehicles and combustion of petrol from ore-filled barges, boats and ships) and biogenic (mangrove vegetation along the banks of the estuary) sources. The significant positive relationship between mud (silt + clay) and PHCs unveiled that high specific surface of area of mud content raise the level of petroleum hydrocarbons. Cluster analysis was used to discriminate the sediment samples based on their degree of contamination. Values of PHCs in the upper part of sediment cores were distinctly higher than the background but were lower than those found in the Thane creek, west coast India (7.6–42.8μg/g) and off Chennai, east coast of India (1.8 – 39.72 μg/g). This baseline PHCs data can be used for regular ecological monitoring and effective management for the mining and tourism related activities in the Mandovi estuary.
    Keywords: Petroleum hydrocarbon, core sediment, Pollution, mining, Mandovi estuary}
  • D. Liebenberg, S. Claassens, L. Van Rensburg
    A long-term study was conducted between 1985 and 2003 on rehabilitation trials at Sishen IronOre Mine, South Africa, to identify grass species that would survive in the artificial growth medium appliedto the sites, and to determine the most suitable medium for sustainable vegetation growth. Vegetationestablishment was tested at slopes of 18° and 34° and with five different cover materials. After 17 years ofrehabilitation, investigations showed that weathered limestone sloped at 18° produced the highest percentage of plant cover and least erosion. Sixteen grass species were introduced and identified in the survey, with Eragrostis sp. and Cenchrus ciliaris as the dominant species. In 2004, new trials were initiated at the same mine to evaluate the effectiveness of different seeding methods and supplementation of the growth medium with organic material. After 4 years, hydro seeding was found to be the best method to distribute seeds evenly and to ensure uniform vegetation growth. Different engineering designs, such as changing the contour length and slope, had little influence on the measured parameters. A total of 28 grass species were identified in the sampling plots, with Enneapogon cenchroides and Cenchrus ciliaris as the dominant ones. Dehydrogenase activity was used as a proxy for microbial activity, and a positive association was observed between microbial activity and percentage organic carbon, emphasising the importance of soil organic matter in the soil development process.
    Keywords: Enzymatic activity, Microbial community, Mining, Revegetation, Tailings}
نکته
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