جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Rat » در نشریات گروه « محیط زیست »

Increasing the speed of wound healing with the least scar tissue prevents wound infection and restores the integrity and health of the skin to normal. In this regard, medicinal plants with restorative effects have long been considered to prevent infection and rapid healing of superficial wounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the wound healing after topical application of ointment containing Citrus aurantium extract (5%) in comparison with phenytoin ointment in rats. For this purpose, 32 adult rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, including negative control group, positive control group (without treatment), Citrus aurantium ointment treatment group (5%) and phenytoin ointment treatment group (1%). In this experiment, the skin of the lumbar region of mice was cut into 1 cm2 after anesthesia. Ointment containing Citrus aurantium extract and phenytoin ointment was applied topically twice a day for 14 days. Tissue samples were taken at 4, 7, 10 and 14 days after incision and microscopic images were obtained. Blood samples were taken from mice every 6 days to check the growth factor. On microscopic examination on the fourth day, budding tissue including fibroblast cell proliferation and developing blood vessels (angiogenesis) was observed in both treatment groups. On the seventh day, the bud tissue was less formed in the treated groups than in the control group. On the tenth day, the formation of epithelial tissue was observed in the group treated with Citrus aurantium extract as opposed to the group treated with phenytoin. On the fourteenth day, more collagen deposition and absence of inflammatory cells were observed in the group treated with Citrus aurantium extract than in the group treated with phenytoin. Growth factor levels were not significantly different in the study groups. Examination of microscopic images and measurement of wound shrinkage revealed that the group treated with spring orange extract had a higher percentage of improvement than the group treated with phenytoin, which was statistically significant (p<0.001). The results show that Citrus aurantium extract (5%) heals wounds faster than phenytoin ointment.

The present study was performed to determine the antioxidant protective role of garlic extract in deltamethrin-induced damages on serum parameters of rats with five treatments and six replications. In this experiment, it was hypothesized that garlic hydroalcoholic extract due to its potential antioxidant properties and cysteine compounds can reduce the damage caused by deltamethrin toxin and can have positive effects on the level of lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Therefore, an experiment was designed in a completely randomized design. Treatments included 1- control, 2- sham, 3- deltamethrin 10 mg, 4- deltamethrin plus 20 mg of garlic extract, and 5- deltamethrin plus 40 mg of garlic extract. Data analysis of variance was done and comparison of means were performed by Duncan's multiple range test. Antioxidant indices, liver enzymes and enzymatic and biochemical markers were measured acordingly. The levels of TAC (Total Antioxidant Capacity) and GSHP (Glutathione peroxidase) in the deltamethrin group decreased significantly compared to the control (P<0.05), nevertheless with the injection of garlic extract, the activity level of these two parameters increased significantly (P<0.05). The results showed that the levels of MDA (Malondialdehyde), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the deltamethrin group increased significantly compared to the control (P<0.05) and injection of garlic extract in both amounts (20 and 40mg treatments) significantly reduced the level of these parameters compared to the deltamethrin group. Amounts of liver enzymes showed that the activity levels of enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP and LDH), increased by injecting the toxin, however their activities decreased significantly after receiving the garlic extract (P<0.05). Creatinine level in the deltamethrin group also increased significantly compared to the control group, which decreased significantly after treatment of mice with the garlic extract (P<0.05). It can be concluded that the present experiments confirm the protective role of garlic against deltamethrin poisoning in rats.

With the increasing use of nanoparticles in pharmaceutical applications, concerns about their possible negative effects on the body have also increased. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of gold nanoparticles on the activity of ALT and AST, ALP enzymes as well as fat profile (TG, Chol, LDL) in male rats. For this study, 30 adult male Wistar rats weighing 200±50 g were divided into 3 groups of ten. The control group, salin and the other two groups were received gold nanoparticles at 100 and 1000 mg / kg body weight by gavage for 3 weeks. The results showed that the level of 100 mg of gold nanoparticles compared to other groups significantly reduced the serum levels of all three liver enzymes ALT, AST and ALP. Meanwhile, the 1000 mg group of gold nanoparticles compared to the other two groups, caused a significant increase in the level of ALT, AST and ALP (p<0.05). In addition, while the 100 mg group of gold nanoparticles had no significant effect on serum lipid parameters, the 1000 mg group caused a significant increase in all three lipid indices of cholesterol, triglyceride and blood LDL (p<0.05). In general, the results of this study showed that the level of 100 mg of gold nanoparticles reduced the serum level of liver enzymes and this level can be successfully used in pharmaceutical applications.

Kidney stone is one of the most important diseases of the urinary tract and the most important cause of death due to urinary tract disease. The prevalence of urinary tract disease is increasing and therefore more effective and low-risk therapies are needed for treatment. Melon seeds have been suggested for the treatment of kidney diseases such as kidney stones. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of melon seed on renal expression of tamm-horsfall coding gene in male rats with kidney stones. Induction of calcium oxalate kidney stone was performed by oral treatment of ammonium chloride (3 days) and ethylene glycol (38 days) in male rats. Potassium citrate (2.5 g/Kg) and hydro-ethanolic extract of melon seed (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg body weight) were treated orally with ethylene glycol for 38 days. After 41 days, the animals were anesthetized and right kidney was removed for evaluation of renal expression of tamm-horsfall coding gene by real-time PCR. Results showed that daily oral administration of potassium citrate and extract (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg body weight) significantly increased the expression of tamm-horsfall coding gene (UMOD) in experimental rats compared to control rats (p<0.001). In conclusion, melon seed extract can improve kidney stone disease by enhancing the expression of tamm-horsfall encoding genes and is effective for treating the kidney stone disease.

In the modern life of today, the use of mobile phones is remarkable Growth hormone is a hormone released from the anterior pituitary or adenohypophysis. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of mobile phone waves on the prolactin hormone of female rats. In this study, 35 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, each containing 7 rats. Control group  who received no waves for 7 days, Sham group 1 and 2 who were exposed to mobile phones for 7 days, 3 and 6 hours on every day only (no conversation). Experimental group 1 and 2 exposed to mobile waves (in conversation) for 3 and 6 hours respectively for 7 days. The serum samples were collected and the growth hormone was measured by Eliza method. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and one way ANOVA. The results showed that two experimental groups 1 and 2 had a significant decrease in the mean concentration of growth hormone with control groups and two groups of sham 1 and 2. Also, the decrease in growth hormone in experimental group 2 compared to experimental group 1 was significant. The Sham 2 group also had a significant decrease compared to the control group.The results of this study indicate a significant decrease in the concentration of growth hormone in groups affected by the waves from mobile phone.

The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Raspberry fruit (Rubus fruticosus L.) on serum lipids levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was investigated in this study. 50 male Wistar rats weighing 20 ± 200g were divided into 5 groups. The non-diabetic control group, the diabetic control group and the three diabetic experimental groups received the hydroalcoholic extract of Raspberry fruit at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg / kg. Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of STZ (55 mg / kg). After 4 weeks serum samples were collected from all groups and serum lipids were measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results The results showed that serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride significantly increased in diabetic group compared to control group (P <0.001), (P <0.05), (P <0.01). While serum HDL level in the diabetic group was lower than the control group (P <0.05). Moreover, serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride significantly decreased in the diabetic group receiving the hydroalcoholic extract of Raspberry (p <0.05), (P <0.01) and (P <0/001) respectively. The serum HDL level in the diabetic group receiving the raspberry hydroalcoholic extract showed a significant increase in comparison with the diabetic group (P <0.05), (P <0.01).Results of this research showed that diabetes increases the risk of undesirable lipids in the blood serum of rats. Hydroalcoholic extract of raspberries has beneficial effects on reducing lipids due to antioxidant activity.

Disordered TSH secretion from pituitary gland has always been one of the controversial complications of diabetes. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of oral administration of G. flavum on serum level of TSH in healthy and diabetic male rats. In this experimental study, 56 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups of 8 including: healthy control, healthy treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg of G. flavum extract, diabetic control, diabetic treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg of the extract, and 5 µg/kg doses of Glibenclamide. Diabetes was induced by single injection of Alloxan. After 30 days, blood samples were collected and TSH levels were measured. Finally, the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results declare that, the mean of diabetic+250 group was significantly higher than diabetic control group (P<0.001); Also, the mean in diabetic+500 and diabetic+drug groups did not have a significant different with control group (P>0.05). In conclusion, The G. flavum extract have been able to increase the level of TSH in diabetic rats, somehow that the higher dose can improve the complication, as equal as healthy control group.

Barberry fruit (Berberis vulgaris L.) has been introduced in Iranian traditional medicine as a pain reliever. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of the histaminergic system and aqueous extract of Barberry on formalin-induced pain in rats. In this experimental study, 48 male Wistar rats weighing 220-250 g, were divided into in 8 groups with 6 rats in each groups: control group (normal saline + 1% formalin intraplantar injection), 3 treatment group with aqueous extract of barberry (75, 150 and 300 mg/kg), treatment group with pyrilamine, H1 receptor antagonist (10 mg/kg) alone, pretreatment group with pyrilamine (10 mg/kg) + aqueous extract of barberry (300 mg/kg), Treatment group with famotidine, H2 receptor antagonist (20 mg/kg) alone, pretreatment group with famotidine (20 mg/kg) + aqueous extract of barberry (300 mg/kg). Pain was evaluated by formalin test. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and then Duncan's test. Intraperitoneal injection of aqueous extract of barberry significantly reduced the pain response in the second phase of formalin pain (p <0.05). Pre-treatment of pyrilamin and famotidine and then aqueous extract of barberry improved the analgesic response of the aqueous extract of barberry in the second phase of formalin pain (p <0.05). The results of this study indicated that the aqueous extract of barberry may have analgesic effects by potentiating the pain relief potentials by histamine antagonists, especially the H1 receptor antagonist.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorders that affects approximately 5-10% women in their reproductive age. It is characterized by endocrine anovulation, hyperandrogenism and insulinresistance. Nigella sativa (NS) grain has a rich medical and religious history and consists of powerful chemical compounds that can have many effects on human health. In this study the effect of Hydro-alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa on antioxidant properties of the ovary tissue in a rat model of PCOS has been investigated. For this purpose, 32 mature female rats were randomly divided into 4 groups as: Control, PCOS-induced (received 4mg estradiol valerate, IM), PCOS+NS (200 mg/kg B.W-1)-treated and PCOS+NS (600 mg/kg B.W-1)-treated. Animals received NS orally by gavages for 63 days. After 63 days, the animals were sacrificed in the estrous phase and MDA and TAC were measured in ovary tissue. This study showed that Nigella sativa compared to the PCOS-induced group thereby increasing the TAC and decreasing MDA. And from the used doses the dose of 600mg/kg/bw had the most positive impact. So Nigella sativa has marked antioxidant activity; therefore, it can reduce the amount of stressoxidative.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pomegranate juice (20, 50, 100, 200 ml/kg) and itraconazol (10 mg/kg) on growth of Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) and number of white blood cells, lymphocytes and neutrophils in alloxan-induced diabetic rat. The animal was made diabetic by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg). After diabetes induction, they were contaminated by oral administration of Candida albicans juice. Fungus sampling, culturing in medium and colony count were done by swabs from mouths of all animal every day. The period of experiment was 12 days. On the third day of plant treatment, the results showed that treatment of juice at dose of 200 ml/kg decreased colony count of C. albicans in diabetic rats (p

The present study was conducted in order to examine the toxic effect of lithium on changes in serum levels of testosterone and histomorphometrical changes in testicular tissue and particularly on spermatogenesis in testis of newborn rats through breastfeeding. From the first day to the end of breastfeeding period (21 days) and every other day, the newborn rats were fed with lithium carbonate with an average dose of 800 mg/kg that was intraperitoneally injected to their breastfeeding mothers. Hormonal tests were carried out using Free Testosterone kits by ELISA method. The samples of testicular tissue were examined under light microscope by hematoxylin and eosin stain method. The data were presented as Mean±SE, and data analysis was carried out through t-test using SPSS 13.0 in order to compare the difference between the normal and the treatment groups. The results obtained in the present study showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of blood testosterone levels, diameter of seminiferous tubules of testicular tissue, and length and weight of the testicles. However, they were not significantly different with regard to the effect of drug secretion in the breast milk on the newborn rats’ repopulation index. Moreover, division of spermatogenetic meiosis 1 and 2 occurred in the normal group while spermatogenesis was not complete in the treatment group. The results of the present study indicated that spermatogenesis stopped and delayed after lithium carbonate secretion in breast milk, which is in line with the above findings.

Urolithiasis is a worldwide problem. Kidney stones have different chemical components. Calcareous stones are still by far the most common nephroliths accounting for more than 80% of stones. In Iranian folk medicine, many plants are used for treatment of kidney stones. In the present study, effect of Trachyspermum copticum L. seeds hydro-alcoholic extract on calcium oxalate crystallization was studied in kidney of male rats. At first, hydro-alcoholic extract of plant at doses of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg were prepared. Crystallization of calcium oxalate was induced by adding ammonium chloride and ethylene glycol in drinking water for 3 and 38 days, respectively. Control group was treated by drinking water. Experimental groups were treated by plant extract at doses 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg for 41 days, interperitoneally. After 41 days, animals were anesthetized by ether and left kidneys removed and put them in buffered formaldehyde. Specimens were prepared for histological studies and stained by H&E staining method. Results showed that treatment of extract decreased number of crystals in kidney sections of experimental animals in comparison with control group (p

In order to investigate the effect of a growth premotor product (Bergaprime) contain of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) on hepatic enzyme activity in the serum of rats fed moldy corn in their diets, 20 male 9-w rats with 250 g evaluated in 4 experimental group. This experiment was carried out in a 2*2 factorial design with 2 level of Bergaprime (0 and 2 g/kg diet) and 2 type of dietary corn (normal and moldy) in form of a completely randomized design for a 21-d period. At the end of d 21 blood sampling was done from the heart of the rats and serum enzyme activities for hepatic parameter include GGT, ALP, ALT and AST were tested.
Results indicated that neither normal nor moldy corn contained diets with or without Bergaprime did not effect on hepatic enzyme activities in the rats serum. In total, dietary moldy corn in the 9-w rats could not resulted in a liver toxicity and therefore Bergaprime had not or did not showed any effects.

Psychomotor substances influence liver and heart function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of methamphetamine on serum level of creatine kinase (CK) in male rats. The results indicated that the Serum level of CK were significantly reduced in rats receiving 2mg/kg, 4mg/kg and 6mg/kg of methamphetamine compared to control animals (P<0.05). Conclusively, the results of this study show that methamphetamine injection has damaging effect on liver or other organs to reduce serum level of CK.