جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Armed conflict » در نشریات گروه « علوم پایه »

Environmental terrorism is a violent behavior that with the intention of depriving the peace, order and security of human societies, by targeting the environment, endangers human life and health and environmental security and whenever at the same time with Conflicts Armed and on the part of one of the parties to the conflict, it causes extensive and irreparable damage and not only endangers the health and life of the contemporary generation, but also endangers the health of future generations and deprives the healthy of environment. Therefore, reviewing strategies to deal with such events is the main purpose of current research.
The present research has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner and in the form of citations through the use of library and electronic resources including books, articles, dissertations, regulations and international documents in Persian and English languages.
The only way to fight with this criminal phenomenon is to bind the parties to the conflict to the norms and regulations related to international humanitarian law and to criminalize the violation of such regulations, in order to control the violence of the conflicting parties within the limits of international regulations. Violation of such regulations will result in criminal prosecution charges of "international crimes" or "serious crimes of international importance."
Although Article 5 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court 1998 does not forecast environmental terrorism as an international crime, but because of the profound and irreparable harmful effects on human life and health and the health of the environment and the possibility of spreading such effects to remote areas. And even to future generations, international legal doctrine and documents recognize environmental terrorism as an acute example of terrorism and its importance in the line of international crimes and the effects of international crimes on it.

Closed and semi-enclosed seas possess significant standing in the international environmental law and are referred to in the 1973 Convention as "Special Zones." For this reason, efforts have been made in the various issues of the law of the seas and environmental law in order to develop a particular regime for them. The Persian Gulf, as a semi-closed sea, is one of the zones for which there have been attempts to define a sui generis since the 1970s in cooperation with the States of the region. The Kuwait Convention and its four protocols are a clear examples of this cooperation. However, the existence of regional tensions egative factor in order for these mechanisms to have failed. There are still serious questions about the 1973 Convention from legal perspective. A serious legal question on this subject is about the impact of war on the applicability of Kuwait Convention during that armed conflict. This paper tries to provide an overview of regional environmental protection mechanisms in the Persian Gulf region, with the aim to provide an answer to the regional environmental obligations of the States of the region in the event of occurrence of a regional conflict

War is a phenomenon in which the damage is inevitable and one of the significant losses during armed conflict is the environment. In this respect, humanitarian law protects and takes account of the environment in a few of its regulations. However, these regulations have not given sufficient support to the environment and the question arises whether any prohibitions available in international environmental law are applicable to environmental protection in this case, or should we only use the provisions contained in humanitarian international law for this. In this paper we consider these regulations and the possibility of applying of them to protecting the environment in the event of armed conflict. Damage to the environment during armed conflict may occur intentionally or unintentionally. Intentional damage to the environment occurs when the environment is used as a weapon or damage to the environment is deliberate, but the environment is not used as a weapon. Regulations that have been enacted to protect against these damages contain certain conditions and the fulfilment of these conditions is necessary for incurring damage. Regarding unintentional damage to the environment, the main victim is not the environment, however, and the precautionary principle should be applied. In this regard, it is necessary to consider types of losses, existing prohibitions and possibility of minimizing environmental losses.