جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « water resources management » در نشریات گروه « فنی و مهندسی »

The drying up of Urmia Lake is one of the main concerns of the academic community, environmentalists and publics, especially the inhabitants of Urmia Lake basin. The drying up of this lake has many economic, social, environmental and health consequences, In this research, all papers on the drying up of Urmia Lake in Persian language which were published in domestic journals were examined and analyzed from the scientometric perspective. So, common tools in scientometrics as well as the data collected from Islamic World Science Citation database were used. Results showed that between 1379 and 1401, a total of 998 researchers have published 1005 papers on the subject of Lake Urmia. Meanwhile, Javad Bahmanesh from Urmia University was the most prolific author with 28 papers (2.79% of all papers). Furthermore, Urmia University with 250 papers and University of Tabriz with 162 papers were the most prolific universities that have published papers on the Urmia Lake topics. This shows that the drying up of Urmia Lake has been one of the most important concerns of Azerbaijani universities on both the western and eastern shores of Urmia Lake. Water Resources Research Journal, which is published by the Iranian water resources association in Persian, has published the highest number of papers in the subject area of Urmia Lake with 39 articles.

Increased population and urbanization, on the one hand, and global warming and climate change, on the other hand, have resulted in urban hydrological problems. Seasonal floods, as well as a lack of urban water supplies in specific seasons, inflict significant harm to numerous countries every year. Following the happening of frequent floods and resource scarcity, Chinese researchers introduced a new concept of sponge cities in 2014 to progress toward sustainable development. The development of the sponge cities program will be the responsibility of government agencies due to the broad-scale coverage of the areas and the necessity for substantial coordination and licensing across the country. Pervious concrete is considered as a new technology in the development of urban spaces in order to control urban runoff in recent years in many developed countries as sponge cities. In the past, this technology was associated with technical challenges such as limited mechanical resistance, durability, clogging which were solved with the development of technology. This technology, along with other components of sponge cities introduces a new concept of sustainable development. In this study, the components of Sponge City are introduced and by reviewing previous studies, the challenges of realizing this concept are studied.

Considering the decrease in rainfall and the quantitative and qualitative limitation of water resources in the Semnan Plain, and considering the drought and water shortage conditions, it is important to study and provide a solution for the optimal use of the potential and existing resources in creating sustainable agriculture. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the appropriate cultivation pattern and avoid the cultivation of crops with high water consumption. For this purpose, by compiling and completing a number of 10 questionnaires at the level of 500 hectares, in the crop year 96-97 among the farmers of the region and using the instructions for determining the water productivity in the fields of the Agricultural Research, Education and Promotion Organization of the Ministry of Jihad Agriculture regarding the determination of water productivity Two strategic crops were applied in Semnan plain, the results showed that the fodder corn plant with a physical productivity index of 5.87 kg/m3 and an economic productivity index of 11516 rials/m3 compared to the wheat plant with a yield index The physical fertility of 0.78 kg/m3 and the economic productivity index of 6055 Rials/m3 can be considered as a suitable cultivation pattern in the Semnan Plain region to increase water productivity.

Macro-level documents, laws, programs, and documents are of utmost importance in any country since they are the basis of planning in the executive areas at different levels of management. Amongst these executive areas, water resources management is one of the most important. The aim of this study is to analyze the discourse of macro-level documents on water management after the 1978 revolution. The statistical population of the research includes the Sixth Development Plan before the revolution (1978-1988), the Law of Equitable Distribution of Water (since 1982), and the Law of Preservation and Stabilization of the Border Rivers Banks and Beds (1983). The method of the present study is the analysis of discourse by Laclau and Mouffe method and we tried to answer these two questions; What has been the dominant discourse of the macro-level documents in the field of water resources management and What are the consequences of this discource for water resources? The analysis of these documents showed that in the period under consideration the main governing discourse is the exploitative discourse which is the main signifier and center of gravity of these documents. This indicates the full use of the country's water resources using technology and mechanization in methods of production. This discourse manifests itself in the othering the discourse of protection in these documents. The discourse of modernization versus development, and governmental versus participatory management confirms this conclusion which is approved through equivalence signs such as the use of surface and groundwater resources, attention to agriculture, employment and income generation, diging deep and semi-deep wells to supply drinking water, industry and Agriculture, increase the capacity of the country's hydropower plants, and the policy of self-sufficiency in agricultural products.

Did you know that due to its geographical location, Iran has a varied climate? As a matter of fact, this can be seen in the country's various heights, distances from the sea, different extents, and the long-distance between north and south (spanning from 30-degrees to 60-degrees North latitude). The most common climate state in the country is the hot and dry climate (the climate in the central part of Iran). It means that the humidity conditions in this region range from hyper-arid lands (deserts) to very humid lands (plains). It appears that the rapid increase in greenhouse gases, as well as human interference in the natural cycle of the environment, is among those factors that affect the rate of climate change. Compared to Brazil, Russia, China, and some other countries, Iran has neither large and watery rivers nor many renewable water resources. A vital factor in optimal use of water resources and coping with the drought consequences in the long term is the reasonable and planned use of water resources, as well as water resources management. The study aims to remove various water pollutants by recognizing their characteristics and origin and by optimal management. Furthermore, the study addresses the concept of natural stability of rivers, water-related standards, water pollution effects, along with some plans for the pursuit of sustainable water resource management and evaluating the potential environmental impacts of chemicals.

Deteriorated quality and scarcity of water are two serious problems and the water resources management corresponding to these problems is often accompanied by conflict between consumers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the behaviors and interactions of stakeholders in the Karaj basin in order to provide optimal strategy in sustainable policy-making of water resources in this basin with respect to environmental protection. In this study, definitions of stability were used to analyze the results of the Graph model in non-cooperative game theory. Players include the Ministry of Agriculture, the Regional Water Company, the Farmers and the Department of Environment. The results of the Graph model showed that among the definitions of stability used in this study, Non-Myopic stability analysis is reliable for the analysis of this game and the output of this stability is more likely to occur in the behavior of players. One of the most desirable equilibrium states is the basic situation and the other equilibrium state is the situation in which farmers perform unauthorized withdrawals of irrigation canals, in which case an undesirable situation will occur in the future. Therefore, the water resources management in the basin can be improved by determining incentives from the regional water company for the cooperation of farmers and their training, as well as identifying and punishing violators. Finally, the results showed that using appropriate stability definitions can provide valuable insights for policy-making to analyze specific conflict, when there is uncertainty about player behavior.

For over half a century, Iran’s modes of development has been based on several five-year Development Plans. The water resources development plans have been the center or one of the main drivers of the development plans aiming to achieve the Iranian society at a higher level of welfare. Dams and irrigation and drainage networks are the legendary elements of the development plans, which are based on a way of thinking and approach to development that is being inspired by the idea of Hydraulic Mission. An ethos that believes every single drop of water flows to the sea is wasted. This paper elaborates on a comparative study of the historical trends of the water resources development. By using the comparative study, it is concluded that Iran's water resources development mode is unique, and basically is based on the Hydraulic Mission. Irrigation networks are considered as the case study of the water resources development mode.

Increasing water demand in agricultural, urban and industrial sectors and decreasing water resources due to climate change caused serious restrictions in traditional manners of water management especially in arid and semi-arid regions including Central Plateau of Iran. In order to manage water resources effectively, it is essential to consider the socio-economic system and administrative-institutional system, in addition to the natural system. This study aims to investigate the administrative-institutional system of water management in Zayandehrud basin. Quantitative methods generally are used to study water resource systems, but these methods face some challenges such as: the lack of sufficient data, the weakness of the quantitative models in adapting to human systems, and the inability to provide a general picture of the problem; therefore, it’s essential to use of Qualitative methods along with quantitative methods for understanding these systems. The present study tries to understand the most important problems of the administrative-institution of water management system in the Zayandehrud basin using the grounded theory as a systematic qualitative method. The results of this study indicate that the incomplete and misleading information, different understanding of issues, ineffective meetings, conflict of interest, lack of coordination and conflict between organizations, corruptor structure, and weak regulatory system are the problems that caused the current administrative structuer is ineffective. The main causes of these problems are lack of transparency and non-participatory management. These factors, along with the lack of a deterrent mechanism, have led to excessive water allocation and unauthorized exploitation. According to recent 20-years data, the average annual renewable water including transferred water into the basin has been about 2500 MCM while the average annual water consumption has been about 2770 MCM and resulted in a cumulative decrease of 4900 MCM non-renewable water storage. In this paper, only quantitative method of the grounded theory is considered and it is necessary to use a quantitative method in the future to accurately assess the importance of the factors driving the instability of water resources in the Zayandehrud river basin.

The aim of this study is to develop COPRAS and Grey COPRAS multi-criteria decision making methods for selection the best alternative for adaptation the effects of climate change in supplying the agricultural sector in Gharranghu basin in East Azerbaijan province. According to the existing hydro-climate conditions, adaptation scenarios in agricultural sectors are selected and based on the results of evaluation and planning water (WEAP), risk indexes in each scenario are calculated based on mathematical equations. In order to prioritize and select the best alternative, adaptation scenarios are considered as alternatives, and risk indexes are regarded as criteria in COPRAS and COPRAS-G multi-criteria decision making methods. Results showed risk indexes will improve by implementing adaptation policies, so that drought risk index would decrease through reduction water consumption from 5% to 25% respectively. Also, the best alternative for adapting the impacts of climate change phenomenon by using COPRAS method was fifth alternative, namely 25% reduction in water demand in agricultural sector, while COPRAS-G method introduced second alternative namely 10% reduction in water demand as preferred alternative. However, it should always be assumed that any prediction of results for the coming years due to complex climatic conditions and the resulting effects of this are associated with uncertainty.

In this study, the quality of surface water supplies in the southwestern region of Sistan and Baluchestan Province were evaluated for the purposes of drinking, industry and agriculture based on the results of chemical analysis. Firstly, the results of the analysis of surface waters from four selected stations were studied, then it prepared in GIS environment. In order to determine the quality of water for drinking, Ca, Mg, Na, TDS, TH, Cl, SO4 and HCO3 parameters are used and it was determined that the water of all stations was considered as inappropriate indicating hardness of the water in the area. Wilcox method is also utilized to determine the water quality in agricultural use. In the graph of this index, the horizontal axis index is water salinity in micro masses per centimeter and the vertical axis in relation to sodium absorption (SAR). Studies have also shown that the water of all stations is one of the classes C2-S1, C3-S1, C3-S2. During the statistical years it is considered to be agriculture. Also, in determining the quality of water for industrial use, the Langeous Saturation Index (LSI), which is in fact the difference between the actual pH of water and the saturated water content of calcium carbonate, was used and it was found that in all stations only three years of water for industrial use It is in a state of equilibrium and in the rest of years it is a precipitating and corrosive state. Therefore, the conditions in this area for the construction of water related to industries are also inadequate. To monitor, control and manage the system, the qualitative results of the analysis is entered into the GIS environment and the surface water database of the southwestern region of Sistan and Baluchestan province was formed and in the first step, zoning of important water quality issues to support the correct decision of the face accepted.

TrTransparency, participation, sustainability, standardization, monitoring and effectiveness are the fundamental principles of good governance in resource management. In the present study, the extraction of indices representing the principles of agricultural water governance in irrigation and drainage networks of Khuzestan was examined using the Delphi method. The weight of each of the indices was then calculated using the special vector. The required data was obtained through designing some specialized questionnaires and also sharing the views from Khuzestan province water and Soil specialists. Drawing upon the results of the study, 16 indicators were identified as the indicators of the water governance principles. The results showed that in the special vector method of water resources' management indicators of transparency principle, self-regulation of agricultural water utilization system of participation principle and ready-made pumps with numerical values of standardization principle of 0.211, 0.155 and 0.100 had the highest weight, irrigation intervals of sustainability principle, efficiency of electrical facilities of standardization principle and rate of irrigation quarrel of monitoring principle with numerical values of 0.017, 0.019 and 0.027 had the lowest weight. On the other hand, the total numerical values of the indicators indicate that the principles of transparency, participation and standardization in the management of water resources for irrigation and drainage networks in Khuzestan have attracted more attention from the water and soil experts of Khuzestan province compared to the principles of sustainability, monitoring and effectiveness.

Population growth and economic developing programs have increased the pressures on water resources and faced the serious challenges in the balance of surface water and especially groundwater systems. In recent years, this has led to the consideration of green water as one of fresh water sources while various acts have taken for its scientific and practical management. Green water management acts affect both surface water and groundwater resources and can be effective in aquifer restoration plans. In this research, the effects of these acts in the study area of Namdan located in the Tashk- Bakhtegan basin in Fars province of Iran have been evaluated using MODFLOW model. After MODFLOW model development, it was calibrated for seven years (2006-2013) and validated for three years (2013-2016) periods in both steady and unsteady conditions. Then, the effects of mulch, stone lines, terraces and contour acts on the balance and the water level of the aquifer were investigated. The results showed that the mulch with the average of an annual increase of 4.2% in storage and terrace with an increase of 4% of stored water in the aquifer have had the greatest impact on the aquifer, which can be suitable acts for the aquifer restoration under plans such as aquifer restoration plan of Iran but they are not enough to cover the restoration objectives.

Adopting a social learning framework, this study aims to assess the water institution (both formal and informal) in the Tashk-Bakhtegan basin. The social learning loops, orientation and direction features were adopted to assess the formal institution. To assess the informal institution, the drought of 2008 was considered as the change affected the system. The responses of informal water institution to that change were then assessed. For formal institutions, the results showed that the water laws in the local level have put pressure on the local water resources. This structure relies on the national authorities and has low level of learning capacity. In the informal sector, the components of social learning process were generally found low in the upstream, but at much better levels in the downstream. The assessment of social learning outputs components showed that the downstream sub-regions were at a higher level of social learning capacity comparing with the upstream (double and triple loops of learning are active), and the responses were oriented towards better conservation of water resources. Furthermore, the width of those responses went beyond individual levels to collective and participating levels. For the water institution of the Tashk-Bakhtegan basin, this paper suggests that implied mechanisms of water laws needs to be modified, national and centralized governance requires to be transformed to participatory and cooperative structures, private and public institutions need to be initiated, and finally the components of social learning process, that were found at a low level, require to be improved.

In an era with ecological changes the adaptability of the governance system is so important; therefore, the system capacity of social learning should be focused on as a key characteristic. In order to assess the adaptation capacity, the governance system needs to be evaluated with a reference to social learning. Persisting Iran's water resources problems shows that the current institutional structures faces with serious weaknesses. This research aimed to apply the social learning loops to evaluate the formal institutional structure of the Iranian water governance. Therefore, various documentations including Iran's water laws, national policies and projects related to water and agricultural sectors were evaluated adopting qualitative content analysis and theme analysis methods. The results showed that the formal institution capacity is trapped in a single-loop learning and from this perspective, the formal institution is very vulnerable and suffers from too low adaptation capacity to deal with changes. It was also shown that the governance structure is highly centralized with a dominant top-down hierarchy. In order to enhance the flexibility and adaptability of the water institution, it is necessary to modify the laws associated to the water and agricultural sectors emphasizing on destructive mechanisms. Furthermore, the process of decision-making needs to become participatory engaging the all stakeholders, especially informal institutions. The formal institutions associated to water and agricultural sectors need to get integrated and converge in their policies. Finally, macro-developmental policies require to be redefined with respect to the country’s limiting water resources.