جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "grid codes" در نشریات گروه "برق"

Wind power generation is making an increasingly significant contribution to global electricity production. The high penetration of wind power poses many operational and control challenges that affects the reliability and stability of power systems. In this Paper, the reported technical challenges caused by the grid integration of wind energy conversion system (WECS) and the proposed solutions methodologies represents. The wind-generating system components and architecture are investigated at the beginning of this article for analysis and stability studies purposes, then are addressed various technical challenges; each challenge is discussed individually, focusing on the bulk integration of wind energy into the power systems. Some solutions, including grids code, energy storage technologies, appropriate control strategies, and other methodologies employed to mitigate the effects of the integration, are also included. This review is ready-reckoner of essential topics for further research of wind energy and available technologies in this field. This review provides ready-reckoner of essential topics for grid integration of wind energy and available technologies in direction of overcome the related difficulties.

Grid code compatibility of HVDC interfaced offshore wind farm is evaluated in this paper. DC coupling causes power system contingencies not to get reflected in the offshore wind farm. In this regard, DC link voltage level is modulated to reflect the status of the onshore power system. Accordingly, onshore power system contingencies are reflected in the offshore wind farm by means of DC link voltage measurement and appropriate exercise of the wind farm HVDC converter. It is to excite dynamic frequency response and Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) capabilities of the modern wind turbines. A unified control structure is also proposed for doubly fed induction generator-based offshore wind farms that can model and compare three communication based, frequency modulation based, and voltage modulation based LVRT approaches. Moreover, a hybrid frequency and voltage modulation based approach is proposed in which an appropriate discrimination is embedded between fast transients related to LVRT condition and slow transients related to frequency contingencies. Accordingly, voltage modulation and frequency modulation approaches are utilized under LVRT and frequency events respectively. Simulation results have revealed similar dynamic frequency response capability for all four approaches. Moreover, except frequency modulation approach, remaining approaches have been able to fulfill grid code requirements given agile communication speed. It is concluded that the proposed hybrid frequency and voltage modulation, as the superior approach, has advantages like minimum LVRT DC voltage profile increase and subsequent deviation from theoperating point after the fault and preservation of conventional control structure thanks to appropriate dissociation between slow and fast dynamics.