جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "ایمنی عابر پیاده" در نشریات گروه "عمران"

Surrogate safety measures make it possible to assess the level of risk and vulnerability of pedestrians. There are advantages to using these indicators: first, the independence of the accident statistics and some of its details and errors, and second, the possibility of examining risky interactions that did not lead to an accident, and third, in evaluating before and after safety policies and measures. In this research, practical surrogate safety measures related to pedestrian safety have been identified and the effective factors on these indicators have been determined. Innovations of the article includes the use of the Lane-based surrogate safety measure for pedestrians, as well as the combined examination of the Mid-block of pedestrian crossings in a street and at an intersection. Four Surrogate safety measures of Post Encroachment Time, Lane-based Post Encroachment Time, Gap Time and Time to Collision were calculated. Surrogate safety measures and extractable variables were extracted from the recorded videos in the streets of Isfahan and by linear fitting, significant variables for each surrogate safety measures as well as effective factors in increasing or decreasing each surrogate safety measures were identified. The results showed that the variables of Mid-block of pedestrian crossing, Conflict of a pedestrian with a car, presence of a SUV vehicle in the Conflict, gender of pedestrian, day light, Group crossing of pedestrian, direction of pedestrian movement, pedestrian velocity and car velocity are the most important Factors affecting safety of pedestrian and vehicle conflicts. It is important to pay attention to the mentioned variables in order to plan and predict appropriate facilities for pedestrians to cross the street.

The level of safety of transportation being low often considers an obstacle to sustainable development. Pedestrian safety is one of the essential problems, researchers of the safety of transportation face. Since non-signalized intersections lack the controllers of safety and have many conflicts between pedestrians and vehicles, are considered to be a dangerous place for pedestrians. The conflict between pedestrians and motorcycles and the variables which influence those conflicts are the issues that are not paid enough attention by researchers. The data used in this paper have been achieved using the image processing method. The effects of the variables related to the pedestrians and the motorcycles on Time to Collision (TTC) have been estimated using a linear regression model. The intersection assessed in this article is located where Vesal-Shirazi (the major street) and Bozorgmehr(the minor street) street meet together. Finally, in the reliability of 95 percent, the variables such as the direction of the pedestrian movement, the pedestrians moving in a group and the direction of motorcycle movement significantly influenced TTC with the numbers -0.22, 0.28, and -0.32 respectively.

Pedestrians are subjected to high levels of risk at non-signalized intersections. Pedestrians at these intersections have conflicts with different types of vehicles such as motorcycles and cars. In this paper, pedestrian safety is compared between those two groups of vehicles using Time to Collision (TTC) as well as the Post Encroachment Time (PET). Data were collected from an intersection called Vesal-Bozorgmehr in Tehran. The one-way ANOVA was used to compare those two groups. The number of observations for each TTC and PET being the dependent variable was 758 and 791 respectively. Analyses indicated that LogTTC in conflicts between vehicles and pedestrians is 0.03 units more than conflicts between motorcycles and pedestrians and LogPET in conflicts between vehicles and pedestrians is 0.09 units lower than conflicts between motorcycles and pedestrians. TTC is used for identification of situations being potentially dangerous for pedestrians and PET is used for identification of critical situations for pedestrians. As TTC for the conflicts between pedestrians and vehicles is lower than that of for pedestrians and vehicles, motorcycles potentially cause more dangerous situations for pedestrians whereas when it comes to PET, vehicles have lower PET than motorcycles, so vehicles are more able to make critical situations for pedestrians.

The low level of safety of transportation causes expanding social and economic consequences. It's also an obstacle to sustainable development. The pedestrian safety is one of the most important issues in the safety of transportation. Non-signalized intersections are one of the places in which there is too much risk for pedestrians because there are rarely any control equipment for pedestrians and vehicles movements. Therefore many conflicts between these two parties occur at such a place. Many effective variables on the intensity of conflicts have been identified, but many of them have been analyzed in signalized intersections and special types of movements like left-turn or right-turn. In this research, the effects of the type of movements (left-turn, right-turn or straight) on pedestrian safety at non-signalized intersections are analyzed using surrogate safety measures. The data have been obtained, using the image processing method. The effects of types of movement on Time to Collision (TTC), Gap Time (GT) and the Post Encroachment Time (PET) have been analyzed by one way ANOVA. The intersection is called Vesal Shirazi-Bozorgmeg Street. Finally, after analysis, it was realized that the type of vehicle movement is significant in only PET in the 95 percent of reliability. The significant difference exists between straight and right-turn movements. This difference was around 0.08 for the logarithm of PET. This measure was smaller in straight movements in comparison with right-turn movements because the speed of vehicles which move straight was more than right-turn ones and there was an indirect relation between the vehicle speed and PET.  

Sever impact on pedestrian in road accidents caused known them as the most vulnerable group in roads users, and more immunization must be attention to save them. Lots references has focused on pedestrian safety and presented immunization methods. One of the useable methods which is most impressive on pedestrian safety in at-grade intersection is safety equipment utilization. In pedestrian crossing passages are incumbent to know effective local parameters like pedestrian ages, walking speed, intersection geometry condition and etc. which cause select more proportional methods at there. So, a method presence which can guide traffic experts to find optimized immunization approach based on experiments is able to reduce decision mistakes. In this article, after study on pedestrian crossing immunization, introduced a new method to select best solution on pedestrian safety based on local condition. Universality and increasing decision reliable are the most advantage of this approach.