جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سازه های بتن مسلح » در نشریات گروه « عمران »

Beam–column connections in reinforced concrete (RC) structures play an important role when the frame is subjected to seismic loading. The overall stability of the structure and the formation of the optimal energy absorption mechanism in the beam plastic hinge zone depends on the role of the beam-column joints. The non-seismic detailing in the joint panel area can cause a partial or total collapse of the structure. Beam-column connections with non-seismic detailing in buildings with moment resisting lateral load bearing systems, are the major cause of post-earthquake damage. The optimal shape and energy absorption of the moment frame structure is dependent on the design and perfect execution of the beam-column connections. In the beam-column connections, the lack of positive reinforcement of the beam in the joint area and non-extension of the column stirrup in the joint area are common defects of the joints in accordance with new regulations. Researchers have provided a lot of experimental studies on beam–column connections, while experimental studies are usually costly and time consuming, and can be restricted by the test facilities and space. The behaviour of the RC beam–column joint is very complex and several parameters such as axial load ratio, reinforcement detailing, concrete strength have significant influences on its seismic performance, it is impractical to fully investigate all parameters through a limited number of experimental tests. Finite element modelling using ABAQUS software platform can provide an opportunity to study the various parameters governing the monotonic and cyclic behaviour of the beam–column joints. In this study, by examining several parameters in the finite element model of the RC Beam–column connections in ABAQUS software, such as specifications of strain-hardening for steel, bushinger effects, concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) in tensile and compression, concrete confinement effects, presence of lateral beam, and also bond-slip of reinforcing bars was investigated and leads to provides recommendations for finite element modelling of the RC frames. For this purpose, the behaviours of the seismically and the non-seismically detailed beam–column joints under monotonic and cyclic lateral loading were evaluated in different conditions of the presence of lateral beam. The finite element models with seismic and non-seismic detail were considered and validate with laboratory tests by considering sliding effect of longitudinal beam reinforcement using modified steel stress-strain curve. Then, the effect of different lateral beam conditions around the joint was considered. The results showed well that the finite element model is more consistent with the experimental results when considering the slip effects of the longitudinal beam reinforcement. Also comparing the results of the models with the different lateral beam conditions showed that confining the non-seismic joints can increase the joint strength against lateral loads. The general behaviour mode for the seismically detailed specimen was flexural yielding in the beam at the column face whereas for the non-seismically detailed specimens joint shear failure occurred generally before the beam section reached its ultimate flexural strength. The finite element model of beam-column joint specimens was calibrated by test results and good agreement was found between the experimental and numerical hysteretic behaviour. The model was able to capture the modes of failure, peak load and initial stiffness of the tested specimens.

Progressive collapse is a particular phenomenon in structures in which all or a part of the structure is collapsed due to a local damage or fracture in a limited part of the structure. This phenomenon is often triggered by an accident such as an explosion in the structure and then progresses for reasons other than the proper redistribution of forces between other members of the structure. In this phenomenon, failure is often triggered by an accident such as an explosion in the structure and then progressed to other parts of the structure due to some reasons such as inappropriate redistribution of forces between the other structural members. In recent years, study on progressive collapse in structures has been increasingly taken into account and a number of different researches have been conducted on this topic. One of the issues discussed in this regard is the impact of structural systems on the potential for progressive collapse in buildings. One of the most common types of building structures is reinforced concrete buildings that are also widely used in Iran. In these buildings, various types of structural systems such as “moment-resisting frames systems”, “bearing wall systems”, “dual systems include moment-resisting frames and shear wall”, etc. are used. Choosing an appropriate system to have more safety against a premature failure requires knowledge of the behavior of these systems against this phenomenon. Proposing and choosing an appropriate structural system to have more safety against the progressive collapse, taking account economic considerations, requires having sufficient knowledge of the behavior of these systems against this phenomenon. In this paper, an attempt has been made to compare the behavior of various structural systems of reinforced concrete structures against the progressive collapse. In this regard, after literature review on the researches and existing standards/codes provisions related to this issue, nine reinforced concrete frames different in structural systems or number of stories have been modeled and the behavior of these frames has been investigated. These frames consist of 3, 7, and 10-story frames, as well as three structural systems: “Intermediate reinforced concrete moment frame”, “special reinforced concrete moment frame” and “Intermediate reinforced concrete moment frame + Intermediate reinforced concrete shear walls”. The loading and design of these frames is done in two ways: taking into account the criteria for progressive collapse, without taking into account these criteria. In the design of the structures with the aim of preventing a progressive collapse, the UFC-4-023-03 regulations have been used and these structures have been evaluated under different column removal scenarios. Finally, the provisions for linear and nonlinear analysis presented in this code are also compared. The results show that in terms of the ability to withstand the loads on the structure after column removal and also economic considerations, “Intermediate reinforced concrete moment frame” have better behavior than other structural systems studied in this paper. Moreover, in the studied structures, it is determined that the UFC-4-023-03 regulations, in the nonlinear analysis method, has been provided more conservative criteria compared with linear analysis.

Shear failure plays a significant role in the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Generally, nonlinear analysis of the beams and columns in concrete structures is based on the flexural behavior of the members, and shear effects are generally ignored. Although in such an analysis, only the flexural behavior of members is considered, experimental results reveal the likelihood of the failure of RC members before reaching the ultimate flexural capacity. In this paper, a numerical model including rotational springs was developed to simulate the effects of the shear capacity of beams and columns based on material failure mechanisms. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed model for beams and columns, the results gained by the nonlinear analysis were compared with the experimental results, which revealed a good agreement of the results predicted by the proposed model with those of experiments. Furthermore, the proposed model was assessed at the structural level in terms of performance, and to do so, an RC frame was investigated in two different modes: a) analysis using the proposed model considering shear effects and b) analysis based on the proposed model ignoring shear effects in the members. The obtained results suggest the importance of taking the effect of shear into account in predicting the nonlinear behavior of frames by the proposed model which may present an alternative to common methods.

Performance of reinforced concrete frames is highly depended on detailing of the ductile connections based on the philosophy of strong column-weak beam. There are several methods for seismic upgrading of connections. In this paper, using steel jacketing for seismic upgrading of Concrete Beam-Column connections subjected to constant axial and cyclic loads has been investigated using finite element method. Some experimental results are used to verify the finite element approach. Analyses are then conducted on main models upgraded with steel jackets in beam, column or both using parameters like beam jacket thickness, column jacket thickness and axial load ratio. The results are compared and the suitable model is proposed. Based on different analysis for the considered samples, several results obtained. Analysis result shows the positive impact of the use of steel jacketing for upgrading of Concrete Beam-Column connections. From these results, it can be noted that, regardless of the size of the axial load, using a steel plate increased the tangential rigidity of connection. And this increasing of rigidity in most cases is more than of increasing of final capacity of the connection. But in the case of high axial loads, the increase that can be seen in the final capacity of the connection is further of rigidity increasing. Also, depending on the size of the axial load, steel plate can increase the capacity of connection up to 7 time, and the capacity and ductility of connections was returned to better state with the average axial load.

The recent earthquakes exhibit that the uses of seismic design codes of practice yet do not provide sufficient comprehensive safety for buildings. This means that during earthquakes all structures would behave various performances, while the design objectives in current building codes address life safety, control damage in minor and moderate earthquakes, and prevent collapse in a major earthquake. In this respect, evaluation of performance of existing buildings designed in accordance with the current seismic code of practices could improve these codes and provide ample precision related to the expected structural behavior. This paper investigates the various performances of 72 reinforced concrete moment resisting frames (RCMRF) with low and moderate ductility. These structures are designed in accordance with Iranian seismic standard 2800 and Iranian concrete code of practice. The seismic performances of all structures investigated, discussed and compared under the nonlinear static (pushover) and nonlinear dynamic analysis. The moderate ductile structures (except two stories) due to earthquake hazard level 1 exhibit life safety level of performance, which transfers to immediate occupation level by increasing the height of the structure. Among the low ductile structures, all regular six, eight and ten stories have life safety performance while the two and four stories show low level of performance expected by standard 2800. The general comparisons among all moderate and low ductile structures show the better performance for that of moderate structures.

Seismic performance evaluation of different structures requires nonlinear analysis utilizing static or dynamic methods. Among the dynamic nonlinear methods is the time history (TH) method can be noted. Performing dynamic nonlinear methods is not decree because of these methods has complex process and need long time to perform so often engineers do evaluations of seismic performance of different structures by using static nonlinear methods. In static nonlinear methods، capacity spectrum analysis using the concept of nonlinear spectra with constant ductility (CSA) and yield point spectrum analysis (YPSA) can be pointed. Both of these methods determine maximum displacement of structure by comparison capacity spectrum and demand spectrum but YPS method is easier than CSA and need lesser attempts. In additional of this advantage YPSA can be used in design. In order to Performing any of these Methods seven records is needed as history of the sever ground motions. These records are proportionate with the soil of type II. To allow comparison and homogenization of results of these methods scaling of the records is necessary. Also in scaling process the effect of vertical component of ground motion is neglected. In this paper the accuracy of CSA and YPS methods in determining the structural responses، has been assessed by their comparison with the TH method as the witness and accurate method of analysis. In this comparison is used the average of the results. Results include of Displacement of roof of the structures and Inter-story drifts. For this purpose، three 3D structural models of 8، 12 and 15 stories of moderate ductility were selected. These structures consist of a dual system (wall-frame) in one direction and moment resistant system in another direction of the plan against seismic load. All these structures were analyzed and designed according to the Iranian standard 2800 (IS-2800) for seismic analysis and Iranian concrete code of practice respectively. For 12 and 15 stories structures، all records scaled base on demand spectrum given by IS-2800. In the case of 8 story structure the records scaled base on equal maximum acceleration (0. 4g). All structures analyzed utilizing all the methods of TH، CSA and YPSA. In all these analysis the flexural and axial behavior of elements and the shear behavior of the walls were considered nonlinear. Also in the both nonlinear static methods، the strength reduction in the demand spectrum of applied earthquakes was not taken into consideration. Results show that the YPSA method is not accurate enough in case of the earthquakes that cause the structure to largely enter the nonlinear state. Also this method is highly sensitive to the yield displacement for determining the response. Thus، strategies to address these deficiencies are presented. It’s also been shown that the best range for considering the yield displacement in dual system of concrete structures up to 50 meter height is 0. 6% to 0. 8% of the height of structures.

Azmshkhsat using a dynamic structural analysis method based on benchmark shift less time than the direct analysis requires long history. Linear methods, knowing the time and frequency for effective damping ratio of ductile and catering desired nonlinear response of a building structure can provide it. So hardly effective and percentage calculation fissuring in a reinforced concrete structure, according to the amount of time to identify effective rotation is possible. In this article analyzing a large number of reinforced concrete frame, frequency and time changes based on ductile structural damping ratio shift Saz·hyy system is presented. Frames selected from 1 to 6 floors, with the length and number Dhanhhay vary. Considering the Results of the analysis frames specified amount of time that the vibration frequency and damping structures with increasing ductile structures will increase. But the increase in the amount Paramtrhaydynamyky have the same trend has not been fixed. Also in Frames Height and number of classes increased during the same span of three to six meters in addition to reducing the time frame of initial rotation, rotation time frame effective and efficient damping ratio is reduced.