جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "پایداری شبکه" در نشریات گروه "عمران"

From the outset, aligning production with energy consumption has been a primary concern for operators of power generation and distribution networks. After World War II, as nuclear energy gradually became a reliable source of electricity generation in many European and North American countries, the development of pumped storage power plants was considered to convert nuclear baseload electricity into peak electricity through storage. In the 1990s, due to increasing environmental concerns and a decline in the development of nuclear power plants, there was a notable decrease in the development of new Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS) plants. After the year 2000, with the growing importance of climate change and the increasing demand for renewable energy sources, the outlook changed significantly. A renewed interest in Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS) emerged. This article provides an analysis of current and emerging trends, technical challenges, and environmental impacts related to pumped hydro storage (PHS) systems. It examines the critical role of PHS systems in integrating renewable energy sources, meeting peak demand, and enhancing grid stability. Additionally, the article identifies potential regions for future research and development efforts.

Urban transportation networks are among critical urban infrastructures. The importance and expansion of this network increase the possibility of occurrence of malicious attacks and random failures. Network robustness is the capability of the network to perform continuously in various situation including crisis and disorder. Vulnerability is the opposite of the robustness concept. Considering the financial and operational constraints to enhance the robustness of an urban transportation network, identification of critical nodes whose removal leads to plunge in network connectivity is necessary. In this study the behavior of urban transportation networks against malicious attacks and random failures is assessed. The results reveal that urban transportation networks are vulnerable against malicious attacks. Besides, identification of critical nodes is not possible by using a unique index and should be done by opting appropriate indices based on the severity of disorder. The developed method in this research can be applied to other transportation networks.