جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "air quality" در نشریات گروه "عمران"
تکرار جستجوی کلیدواژه «air quality» در نشریات گروه «فنی و مهندسی»-
یکی از چالش های اقتصادی که کشورهای در حال توسعه با آن روبرو هستند، هزینه های صرف شده برای مقابله با آلودگی هوا و بهبود کیفیت آن است. از طرف دیگر علاوه بر هزینه، سلامتی افراد جامعه و بیماری های موجود نیز ارتباط مستقیمی با کیفیت هوا دارند. از این رو بررسی و تحلیل تغییرات آلاینده های هوا شامل دی اکسید نیتروژن، مونوکسید کربن و ازن می تواند اطلاعات ارزشمندی برای تحلیل کیفیت هوا در اختیار متخصصین قرار دهد. وجود سنجنده های با قدرت تفکیک مکانی بالا به منظور مطالعه کاربردهای متنوع، متخصصین این حوزه را قادر به مطالعه اغلب پدیده های محیطی کرده است. در پژوهش حاضر تغییرات زمانی و مکانی میزان آلاینده های جوی با استفاده از داده های ماهواره سنتینل-5 در فروردین ماه 1399 همزمان با انتشار ویروس کووید-19 برای کشور ایران تعیین شده و با مقادیر دوره مشابه در سال 98 مقایسه شده است. انتشار ویروس کووید-19 در این بازه، پیامدهای متنوعی داشت که منجر به کاهش فعالیت کارخانه ها و همچنین کاهش تردد وسایل نقلیه گردید. در این پژوهش، به منظور بررسی تاثیر عوامل مذکور، تغییرات زمانی و توزیع مکانی آلاینده هایی نظیر هواویزها، دی اکسید نیتروژن، مونوکسید کربن و ازن در فاصله بین این دو زمان تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. نتایج کمی و کیفی، نشان دهنده بهبود کیفیت هوا در فروردین 1399 نسبت به ماه مشابه سال قبل می باشد. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده، میزان غلظت دی اکسید نیتروژن کل ستون جو و دی اکسید نیتروژن موجود در وردسپهر که ارتباط مستقیمی با حمل و نقل و فعالیت های انسانی دارد، کاهش یافته است.
کلید واژگان: کووید-19, کیفیت هوا, آلاینده های هوا, ماهواره سنتینل 5One of the economic challenges facing developing countries is the cost of tackling air pollution and improving its quality. On the other hand, in addition to cost, the health of people in the community and existing diseases are also directly related to air quality. Therefore, the study and analysis of changes in air pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone can provide valuable information for experts to analyze air quality. The presence of high-resolution spatial sensors to study a variety of applications has enabled experts in this field to study most environmental phenomena. In the present study, temporal and spatial changes of air pollutants were determined using Sentinel-5 satellite data in April 2016, simultaneously with the release of Covid-19 virus for Iran, and compared with the values of the same period in 1998. The spread of Covid-19 virus during this period had a variety of consequences that led to a reduction in factory activity as well as a decrease in vehicle traffic. Therefore, the present study seeks to investigate the effect of these factors by analyzing the temporal changes and spatial distribution of pollutants in the interval between these two times. The results confirm the improvement of air quality in this period compared to the previous year, April 1998. According to the results, the concentration of nitrogen dioxide in the entire barley column and tropospheric nitrogen dioxide , which is directly related to transportation and human activities, has decreased.
Keywords: Covid-19, Air Quality, Air Pollutants, Sentinel-5 -
Today, air pollution is a serious environmental problem becoming a global concern for human beings Air quality is influenced by emissions, meteorological parameters, and topography. The effect of these parameters can be predicted using statistical methods. In the current study, the data in the period of March 2012 to October 2013 are used. These data have been gathered from the stations of the Department of Environment and Air Quality Control Organization (Azadi and Sharif stations) in Tehran city. The main purpose was to predict the air quality of the next day and emissions of carbon monoxide and suspended particles under the influence of instability indices and meteorological parameters using the Artificial Neural Network. Results of the modeling process showed that the concentration of pollutants is strongly influenced by meteorological parameters. Also, prediction of the PM10 concentration of the next day using meteorological parameters (RMSE=29.03, R=0.76), instability indices and meteorological parameters (RMSE=28.13, R=0.76) were better than those obtained for AQI predicted by meteorological parameters (RMSE=20.81, R=0.50) and instability indices and meteorological parameters (RMSE=19.23, R=0.47). In general, the predicted values of PM10 and CO were better compared to AQI. It can be concluded that an artificial neural network couldn’t load the model properly for AQI compared to PM10.Keywords: Instability Indices, Air Quality, Artificial Neural Network, Multi-Layer Perceptron, Particulate Matter
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Indoor air quality is inevitably linked to ambient air quality. What controls ambient air quality also affects indoor air quality. The desert belts and their respective dust plumes on a global basis regulate ambient air quality. Each desert has its own exclusive extension zone and during the period of cyclonic depressions millions of tons of dust is injected into the atmosphere. These dust particles having 10- micron size or less can traverse long distances and are composed of clay minerals and embedded bacteria fungus and viruses. It has been shown that when inhaled it may adversely affect the respiratory system as well as triggering genes that are responsible from the production of specific proteins that results with migraine attacks. Basing on this work we have developed simple water based air purifier system that can effectively removes 90 % of particles in an hour and ultimate purification is reached within 120 minutes in one cubic meter experimental chamber. Of course, increase in air flux will inevitably shorten the time necessary for ultimate purification for a given environment. The air purifying system consists of an aquarium pump hose and air stone and simple 5 l water bottle. The basic principle behind the purification system based on the fact that during the rise of air bubble the air bubbles increases the surface area that is in contact with water and friction with water creates a vortex further assisting the transfer of any particles and bacteria fungus and virus to water phase. With this simple purification system the adverse effect of dust particles can effectively be removed from indoor environment. Renewing the water is the only thing required for the continuation of effective purification. The water is not wasted and can be used to irrigate the flowers lawns etc. Such systems also offer an ideal low cost pre-cleaning filtering that can be used to extent the operational life of expensive filtering systems.Keywords: Air Quality, Bacteria, Dust, water filtration
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محیط شهری طبیعتی ناهمگن دارد و به طور پیوسته در مکان و زمان در حال تغییر است. بنابراین، پایش آن نیاز به سنجش فاکتورهای محیطی در مقیاس های زمانی و مکانی بالا دارد. از این رو، استفاده از وب حسگرهای مکانی جهت مشاهده ی پدیده های محیطی نیازی اساسی است. در سال های اخیر، همگام با گسترش فناوری های مرتبط با ساخت حسگرها، همچون ارزان تر، کوچک تر و کم مصرف تر شدن آن ها، شبکه های حسگری رشد قابل ملاحظه ای داشته اند. تنوع گسترده این حسگر ها از نقطه نظر قراردادهای ارتباطی، قالب های اخذ داده و نیز فراهم شدن این داده توسط سازمان های مختلف، وجود بستری همکنشپذیر را جهت به اشتراک گذاری داده آن ها به شیوهای استاندارد در سامانه های مشاهداتی ایجاب می کند. بنابراین، ایجاد زیرساخت داده مکانی باز جهت دسترسی به مشاهدات آنی و بایگانی شده ی این حسگرها توسط نهادهای مختلف در مدیریت بهینه شهری امری حیاتی است. بر این مبنا، در این پژوهش، روشی جهت ایجاد زیرساخت داده مکانی مبتنی بر وب حسگر جهت پایش کیفیت هوا ارائه شده است. در این روش، پایش کیفیت هوا با بهره گیری از معماری سرویس گرا و نیز با محوریت استفاده از استانداردهای باز مکانی و مولفه های نرم افزاری متن باز صورت می پذیرد. روش ارائه شده، بر 32 ایستگاه شبکه ی پایش کیفیت هوای شهر تهران پیاده شده، با سامانه ی پایش فعلی مقایسه گشته و نتایج آن نیز ارائه گردیده است.کلید واژگان: وب حسگر, کیفیت هوا, OGC, متن بازUrban environment is inherently heterogeneous and vary in location and time continuously. Therefore, monitoring urban environment requires measuring environmental factors at high temporal and spatial scales. Moreover, using spatial web sensors for monitoring environmental phenomena are just essential. In recent years, along with the development of related technologies in production of sensors, which push them to cheaper, smaller and more efficient ones, sensor networks have grown considerably. The wide variety of sensors in terms of communication protocols, data formats and data have been provided by various organizations, the need of interoperable infrastructure to share their data in a standard manner in observation systems is inevitable. So, creating an open spatial data infrastructure to access real-time and archived sensors observations by various organizations is serious for optimal city management.
In order to overcome interoperability obstacles in sharing data of sensor networks, OGC SWE Working Group have been defined open standard protocols and data models for data and sensing devices. The purpose of SWE is providing users the ability of discovery and query from sensor networks, observations and observation methods on the Internet. This process involves identifying sensors capabilities and their measuring quality and access to sensor parameters. These capabilities provides the process and georeferencing observations, retrieve real time and archived observations automatically for software components. From SWE, SOS, SensorML and O&M were utilized. Proposed architecture was built up of three layers including data layer, service layer and application layer. Data layer includes sensors that collect pollutant concentration from physical world. These data will be transferred to and stored in database. Service layer relates the application layer to data layer will be used to publish spatial and non-spatial data on the Internet. Two Server is considered in this layer: SOS server, to publish collected data by the monitoring network from providers side to the users side at the application layer and the server of spatial data for publishing spatial data over the web. This layer which is considered as the main driver of designed architecture, applies open standards to communicate among other sectors. Application layer includes a web application that runs in the browser. This program involves components that provide for users access to near real-time and archived data of monitoring sensors network of urban pollution. Moreover, include capability of spatiotemporal query from sensors observations and showing the air quality index on the map component for each station.
Due to the benefits of free and open source softwares (FOSS) including simple development and low cost to use them and also the growing tendency of enterprises in applying this kind of softwares, utilized software components in implementation of the mentioned architecture have been selected from this applications. In fact, the main purpose of this study is to provide an open approach on air quality observation system.
Therefore, in this study, a method was presented for establishing a spatial data infrastructure based on sensor web to monitor air quality. In this method, air quality monitoring takes place utilizing service-oriented architecture, open spatial standards and open source software components. The proposed method, was implemented on the air quality monitoring network in Tehran and the results were presented.Keywords: Sensor Web, Air Quality, OGC, Open Source -
This paper compares the indoor environment of ordinary and container classrooms in a number of schools in Austria. Temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration were measured. Moreover, teachers in each school were handed a questionnaire inquiring about factors such as ventilation practices, air quality, and thermal comfort in their classrooms. The results of the study suggest a slightly inferior indoor environmental performance of the container schools as compared to ordinary schools.Keywords: Thermal comfort, container classrooms, monitoring, indoor climate, air quality
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