جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « criteria » در نشریات گروه « عمران »
تکرار جستجوی کلیدواژه «criteria» در نشریات گروه «فنی و مهندسی»-
Strong earthquakes such as Bam and Sarpol-e Zahab show that it is necessary to pay attention to earthquakes in Iran. Existing and under construction buildings in Iran, due to the increasing population and the decrease of land for building construction, has caused an increase in the population in buildings and an increase in the construction of high-rise structures. In many earthquakes in Iran and its surrounding, for example, the earthquake in Turkey and Syria in 2023, many buildings have completely collapsed. In the current research, considering the importance of building stability in earthquakes, by using a researcher-made questionnaire with five criteria and twelve sub-criteria, the opinions of eighty experts in the construction industry (university professors and doctoral students in the fields of structural engineering and earthquake engineering) were collected. The data was entered into the Expert Choice software and analyzed and weighted using the hierarchical analysis method. The results showed that the presence of damage in the vertical members of the building (with a statistical weight equal to 0.493), especially the columns, is the most important factor in the complete collapse of the steel building in an earthquake. The structure control system criterion (0.048), including sub-criteria of bracing, seismic damper and seismic isolator, has the least effect on the complete collapse of the building in an earthquake. Column (0.404), vertical connections (0.220) and horizontal connections (0.098) were introduced as the most important criteria in the complete collapse of a building in an earthquake.
Keywords: Structure Collapse, AHP Method, Strong Earthquake, Expert Choice Software, Criteria} -
This paper concerns the problem of decision making on the selection of public transportation modes. The problem is formulated through sustainability indicators and the objective framework is based upon AHP-TOPSIS. In this research, the city of Isfahan (Iran) is our case study. The definition of different points of view was developed through interviews to stakeholders, experts in transportation and urban planning as well as end-users. In this regard, feasible alternatives of public transport modes, such as Metro, Tramway (Light Rapid Transit) Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) and Regular Bus (RB) were compared for demand corridors with similar characteristics and operating conditions. Besides, different aspects and criteria of sustainable transportation including economic, social and environmental dimensions are taken into consideration. Our findings address different orders of desirability and the suitability of public transport modes. In the view of end-users, Metro and Tramway are the most desirable modes due chiefly to service quality factors such as minimal travel time and comfort-ability. However, the local government is more interested to reduce total costs and therefore, the recommended alternatives are BRT and RB. To consolidate these results, an interview is conducted; city council members as well as senior experts in traffic and transportation fields are surveyed.
Keywords: Transportation Sustainability, Public Transport Planning Decision Making Techniques, Criteria, Indicators} -
در این مطالعه به منظور انتخاب مناسب ترین بتن برای ساخت ساختمان های بلند مرتبه، روش فرایند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (AHP) که مبتنی بر دانش کارشناسی بوده، مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است.
معیار های مورد بررسی در این پژوهش شامل طراحی سازه ای، هزینه، کیفیت، زمان و سهولت اجرا می باشد. به منظور بررسی دقیق تر و به دست آوردن نتایج مستندتر، شش نوع بتن (با و بدون نیاز به ویبره) برای سازه 21 طبقه که در شهرستان بابلسر با بتن معمولی در حال اجرا می باشد مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. سازه با نرم افزار ETABS مدل سازی و بررسی گردید. این سازه ها، براساس معیار های ذکر شده، با روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی و استفاده از نرم افزار Expert Choiceمورد بررسی و ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج به دست آمده حاکی از آن است که استفاده از بتن سبک و سبک خودتراکم موجب کاهش وزن سازه به میزان 5/ 12درصد نسبت به بتن معمولی و خودتراکم و 9 /4 درصد نسبت به بتن مقاومت بالا و مقاومت بالای خودتراکم خواهد شد. بتن مقاومت بالا و بتن مقاومت بالای خود متراکم، مصرف میلگرد را به میزان 9/ 18 درصد نسبت به بتن معمولی و بتن خودتراکم و همچنین 8 /7 درصد نسبت به بتن سبک و بتن سبک خودتراکم کاهش خواهد دهد. با توجه به تمامی معیار های مورد بررسی در این پژوهش بتن خودتراکم مقاومت بالا در درجه اول اهمیت برای ساخت سازه های بلند مرتبه قرار گرفته است و همچنین با توجه به هر معیار، بتن ها اولویت بندی شده و نتایج گزارش شده است.
کلید واژگان: سازه های بلند مرتبه, بتن با و بدون نیاز به ویبره, تصمیم گیری چند معیاره, تحلیل سلسله مراتبی}In order to select the most suitable concrete for the construction of high-rise buildings, method of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) based on expert knowledge has been used. Investigating alternative contain designing structure, costs, quality, time and easy to do. In order to closer examination and get documented results, six types of concrete (with or without vibration) for a 21-storey building in the city of Babolsar is running with normal concrete is studied. Structures with the software ETABS modeling was investigated. These structures, based on listed criteria, the Analytical Hierarchy Process and Expert Choice software was evaluated. The results suggest that By using low weight concrete, and self compact low weight concrete, weight of the building reduced to %12.5 in comparison to normal, and self compact concrete and to 4.9% in comparison to high strength, and self compact high strength concrete. By using high strength, and self compact high strength concrete, the cost of consumed bar is reduced to 18.9% in comparison to normal, and self compact concrete and to 7.8% in comparison to low weight concrete. According to all criteria evaluated in this study, High strength self compacting concrete is primarily importance to construction high-rise is located.Keywords: high, rise buildings high, rise buildings, concrete with, without vibration, Multi, Criteria, Decision, Making, ahp} -
The present article involves in evaluation and engineering judgment of various geometric configurations for highway interchanges by considering substantial parameters over the discretion process. The geometric, economical and architectural criteria as the fundamental indicators are divided into related sub-indicators and the total combinations of such sub-elements from the general criterion for establishment of decision making process. Hence, this article deals with geometric configuration analysis of interchanges as a complex decision problem by the use of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) which is a structured technique to analyze complicated engineering systems. By considering an interchange as a case study in north of Tehran, the capital of Iran, the performance of the proposed method has been examined in order to select the most suitable type of interchange by forming the evaluation process of AHP and taking into account the given design and construction data. In order to find a reasonable decision making approach for the optimum geometric configuration of highway interchange before construction stage, an interactive methodology has been reported in this study to facilitate the decision process, once a wide range of notorious criteria and desired prerequisites are available. Owing to established the AHP model and perform the decision-making method, the Expert Choice analytical software has been utilized. Only four options are considered for geometric shape of the interchange in the case study and the functionality of the process examined by reporting the general quantities for any option. The evaluation results are determined in terms of priorities for various options and their decision weights in the case study. However the presented model is able to be applied for other cases and different alternatives. As a tentative finding, using directional pattern for the case example of current work has been the optimum variant rather than parallel alternatives i.e. semi-directional and loop schemes.Keywords: Interchange, criteria, configuration, AHP, decision making}
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گسترش شهر نشینی، حمل و نقل عمومی را در کانون توجه مدیران شهری قرار داده است. شناسایی روش های مختلف حمل و نقل عمومی و توسعه آنها، متناسب با نیازهای زندگی شهری یکی از ضروریات جدید مدیریت شهری است. هدف از این مقاله اولویت بندی گزینه های مختلف حمل و نقل عمومی در شهر تهران و بازنگری در مدیریت تخصیص بودجه حمل و نقل عمومی، بر اساس این الویتها است. به منظور انجام این مطالعه، از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی گروهی (GAHP) استفاده شده است. در همین رابطه ابتدا معیارهای موثر در اولویت بندی گزینه های حمل و نقل عمومی در شهر تهران شناسایی شده، سپس با بررسی ادبیات موضوع و نظرسنجی از گروه های مختلف خبرگان در معاونت حمل و نقل و ترافیک شهرداری تهران، معیارهای اولیه بازنگری و اصلاح شده است. در ادامه، با استفاده از معیارهای ارزیابی و بکارگیری تحلیل سلسله مراتبی گروهی، گزینه های حمل و نقل عمومی در شهر تهران الویت بندی و نتایج حاصله مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته است. در این مطالعه با وزن دهی به معیارهای موثر و انجام مقایسه های زوجی با استفاده از نظرات کارشناسان و خبرگان، گزینه های مختلف حمل و نقل عمومی در شهر تهران اولویت بندی شده اند. در ادامه نتایج الویت بندی، با میزان بودجه تخصیص یافته به هر یک از گزینه های حمل و نقل عمومی در 10 سال گذشته، مطابقت داده شده و توصیه هایی به منظور اصلاح نظام تخصیص بودجه، متناسب با الویت گزینه های حمل و نقل عمومی ارایه شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می دهد که گزینه مترو دارای بالا ترین اولویت در بین گزینه های مورد بررسی است و BRT، اتوبوس، ون و تاکسی در رده های بعدی قرار می گیرند. نتایج مربوط به تحلیل حساسیت نیز نشان می دهد که تغییر در وزن 11 مورد از معیارها می تواند موجب تغییر در اولویت بندی گزینه ها شود. همچنین حساسیت نتایج به معیار «هدف از سفر» بیش از سایر معیارهاست. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده و وزن تعیین شده برای هر گزینه، توصیه شده است بودجه حمل و نقل عمومی متناسب با الویت و وزن گزینه ها تعیین شده و تخصیص یابد.
کلید واژگان: حمل و نقل عمومی, الویت بندی, معیار, AHP}Due to the growth of urbanization, public transportation has been seriously considered in many mega cities in recent years and therefore utilization of all modes of public transportation by prioritizing them is one of the most significant issues in such cities. The purpose of this paper is to provide a method for prioritizing the public transportation in City of Tehran by applying an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). In this research, at the first step, the effective criteria in priority of public transportation were defined, then by applying an expert choice technique and completing. questioners by experts in Transportation and Traffic Department of Tehran Municipality, the criteria were `revised and finalized. To complete the research, a Group Hierarchal Analysis Method was used to prioritize the existing public transportation modes in City of Tehran. The results were then compared to budget allocated to each mode of public transportation in Tehran in the past ten years, and recommendations were suggested to correct the Budget Allocation System. Results show that the subway has the highest priority, followed by BRT, bus, van taxi and taxi. Also the sensitivity analysis showed that the ranking results have the highest sensitivity to the “aim of travel” and can highly be affected by this criterion. Based on results of this research, subway, as a mode of transportation has the highest priority in the City of Tehran and therefore the allocation of public budget should be revised according to this priority.Keywords: Public transportation, prioritizing, criteria, AHP, subway} -
ضای ورودی شهرها به عنوان یکی از فضاهای شهری و مفصل اتصال دهنده ی فضای طبیعی خارج و فضای مصنوعی داخل شهر عمل می کند. توسعه ی بی رویه شهرها و توجه نکردن به الگوهای توسعه ی فضایی مناسب باعث ایجاد ضعف در شکل و محتوای فضاهای ورودی شهرها شده و این فضاها را دچار مشکلات و نابه سامانی های متعدد کرده است. ممانعت از گسترش نابه سامانی در این عرصه ها مستلزم اتخاذ تدابیر ویژه و راه گشاست. هدف از این نوشتار، طراحی دوباره ی یک بخش فراموش شده شهری به شکلی تازه و با بیانی هماهنگ با نیازهای امروز، و نیز سامان دهی عملکردی ورودی شهر در ترکیبی درست است. در این پژوهش ابتدا مبادی ورودی)به عنوان یکی از فضاهای شهری(و مهم ترین کارکردهای آن تشریح شده، و سپس با توجه به معیارها و ضوابط عملیاتی به عوامل موثر در طراحی آن ها پرداخته و فضای ورودی شهر زنجان)مسیر آزادراه تهران زنجان(به صورت گرافیکی طراحی شده است.
کلید واژگان: ورودی شهرها, کیفیت محیط مبادی ورودی, الگوهای سامان دهی, ضوابط بهسازی و نوسازی ورودی, طراحی ورودی شهر زنجان}The entrance space of a city acts as an urban space; a joint linking of natural space outside to artificial space inside. The illogical and unscheduled development of cities, as well as the lack of concern for suitable space development paradigms, has brought about weaknesses in the form and content of the entrance spaces of cities in Iran. This has caused numerous and various problems and disorders, which necessitate taking special, ground-breaking measures.These ravages have been so epidemic that these fields cannot even meet the minimum requirements to becalled as an urban area. The precipitous expanding of these ravages in these fields, which, in the future, will be the inner components of the city, represents the importance of the subject.Since the entrance space in cities and urban areas is considered one of the first spaces in the city to deal with the problem, given the input patterns in the spatial relationship between these subjects considered in urban areas are most basic challenges to be dealt with.To achieve the appropriate solutions in planning and organizing the entrance boulevards of the cities, at first we should consider the nature of entrances and know them then regard the characteristics of them.By evaluating of the changes of Entrance Boulevard of cities up to now, we can catch the social, cultural, political, economic and technological evolutions.Over time, the patterns of biological communities in settlements of the land are affected. Spaces, and the entrance gate into the old town, fort defined coordinates, entry to corridors with scattered, ugly, worn out and worthless residential buildings, and abandoned spaces, show disturbing reports of the uncontrolled growth and development of modern cities. A city's growth and beginnings or, in other words, definitions of the limits for a city, are irrelevant and meaningless.The present article tries to designate and reform a long forgotten urban sector in a new form, taking into account current needs and the functional organization of the entrances to cities in an appropriate way, to satisfy the needs emerging upon entering the cities. In this research, we have first identified and introduced the entrance as one of the urban spaces, as well as one of the important functions of entrance gates, causing consequential problems. Then, we have identified the factors affecting the design of city entrances. Considering the entrance to a contemporary city and the expectations at the main points of entry, and the ravages of the functions it has to grapple with, proper attention is paid to the obtained results. Considering functional regulations and criteria, as well as the entrance space of Zanjan (Tehran- Zanjan Express way), we have graphically designed these factors.
Keywords: City Entrance Spaces, Environmental Quality Of Entrance Gates To Metropolitan Cities, Disorders Of The Environmental Quality, Regulations, Criteria}
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