جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Epidemic diseases » در نشریات گروه « عمران »

Proper management of epidemic diseases such as Covid-19 is very important because of its effects on the economy, culture and society of nations. By applying various control strategies such as closing schools, restricting night traffic and mass vaccination program, the spread of this disease has been somewhat controlled but not completely stopped. The main goal of this research is to provide a flexible spatio-temporal model for simulating the spread of the Covid-19 disease in order to investigate and evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination. For this purpose, the combination of Agent Based Modelling (ABM) with changeable input parameters and Geospatial Information System (GIS) has been used. The disease spreads through the interaction of the designed agents with each other and with the environment, with the help of the SEIRD epidemic model, and the characteristics of the agents are monitored during the simulation period. To evaluate the model, the real data of patients with the disease in Urmia city from the time of the outbreak to 140 days later were used. The results show that the implemented model simulates the spread of the disease with MAPE= 32.86% and NRMSE= 8.62%. By simulating the vaccination implementation plan, the total number of infected people will decrease by 36.12% and the total number of deaths will decrease by 44.48%. Comparison of simulation outputs and real data shows a similarity of 82% between model results and reality. The result of this research shows that agent based modelling has been able to simulate the spread of the corona virus to an acceptable extent and evaluate the control strategies effectively; Therefore, agent based models can be used to simulate the spread of different variants of the Corona virus and other epidemic diseases, as well as to simulate the environment's response and control strategies.

Human societies today are facing an increasing rate of stress-related illnesses. Epidemic diseases are recognized worldwide as a major threat to physical and mental health, affecting people's daily behavior and causing devastating psychological effects such as anxiety, depression and fear on people's lives.Since the body of a space can play an important role in achieving peace and healing of the soul, today in architectural spaces, it is necessary to change the direction from mere functionalism to creating healing environments. On the other hand, this space should be such as to prevent the spread of the disease in these conditions among people or to be able to control it to a large extent; The purpose of this study is to identify these components affecting healing in a space, and then to provide solutions to create a healing space to improve psychological outcomes in epidemic conditions. According to studies, improvements in the design and use of different spaces to control the spread of infectious diseases can help reduce the effects of future outbreaks and epidemics in one space. The present research has been done by descriptive-analytical method, the information of which has been collected from a systematic search in sources related to the subject as well as reputable Internet databases and after screening documents and literature related to the subject. According to this method, the components and principles related to the subject have been briefly studied, analyzed and after achieving a comprehensive model in environmental healing, have led to the provision of solutions to create a healing atmosphere to improve psychological outcomes in epidemic conditions.

Managing the spread of epidemic diseases is vitally important, because of its major effect on economic and social development of growing modern societies. About 25% (>15 million) of annual deaths worldwide are directly related to such diseases. The outbreaks of epidemic diseases is a dynamic phenomenon that changes in place and time. With the advance of science and technology, human tools for studying health problems, have improved. Agent Based Modeling (ABM) can be used as a new technology to study the spread of epidemic diseases. Given that capabilities of agent based models and geospatial information systems (GIS) in spread of diseases, little attention has been aimed at such modelling. The object of this study is to review the applications of the models in simulating epidemic diseases. Therefore, in this article, some applications of GIS and ABM are introduced, then, after studying the theoretical foundations of ABM are given. Next, one of the applications; the spread of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) disease was simulated in an area of Golestan province and some of its results were presented. In this study, an agent-based model ABM is developed to simulate the dynamics of CL spread based on an improved Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR) epidemic model. Finally, suggestions for future works were presented.