جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Test » در نشریات گروه « عمران »

Increasing impermeable levels has made water control a great challenge. On the other hand, the increase of impermeable surfaces causes the lack of heat exchange of the underground layers with the air, which will increase global warming. One solution to this challenge is to use porous pavements. Advantages of porous pavement compared to the normal pavement; Only on run-water control, he can easily increase the use of the road, increase the main road and increase the road, and so on. Restrictions on porous concrete include restrictions on use on high-traffic roads or heavy traffic loads; In other words, with the current knowledge about this pavement system, it can be used in fewer traffic routes such as local roads and streets and parking lots. The purpose of this study is to investigate aerated concrete and get acquainted with the standard related to aerated concrete. Also in this research, the advantages and disadvantages of porous concrete, construction, maintenance, and common problems of this system have been required. At the end of this research, only to gain general knowledge about aerated concrete and aerated concrete pavement mix design, common maintenance methods of porous pavement, and common tests in the relevant researches are introduced. In the end, it was concluded that with sufficient knowledge, porous concrete pavement can be used on roads with low traffic or light traffic load.

Additional dampers TADAS are a kind of passive control systems which can be used in seismic design or retrofit of structures. In this study, behavior of TADAS dampers in large deformation has been examined and some of the possible errors in its design are expressed. It is shown that how the lack of attention can result in damage to the structure and reduce the ability of energy dissipation in the damper. To investigate this issue, TADAS damper with all its details was simulated in ABAQUS finite element software. TADAS damper made up of several components, these components include the upper plate, the lower plate, triangular plates, rods rollers (pins) and connection plates. Damper modeling in ABAQUS determined that in a large deformation, the damper stiffness strongly and suddenly increases. It is examined that this sudden changes in damper characteristics is mainly due to the collision of the damper pin and the upper wall of its slot. This sharp increase could lead to adverse responses and even help to the destruction of the structures. In this paper, two suggestions are presented to prevent this situation. These suggestions include increasing the slot height and putting pins in the lowest point than slot bottom during damper installation. Assuming uniform curvature over the damper plates, a relationship has been proposed to predict the amount of the large displacement corresponding to the high stiffness of the damper. Using this relationship can get awareness of the occurrence or non-occurrence of increasing stiffness of the damper in the various classes of structures. It can also be used as a design tool for selecting the proper height of the damper slots.Also, a frame equipped with TADAS damper is constructed and get under cyclic loading to large deformation. This frame was simulated in ABAQUS and its behavior was compared with laboratory sample. This comparison indicates that there is a good agreement between laboratory and software results. From laboratory and software models it became clear that the frame equipped with TADAS damper even in large deformation has stable and acceptable behavior, but two very important defects are observed in the frame. One of these defects is buckling of braces despite their design based on the toleration of the maximum capacity of damper. This buckling has occurred due to the rotation of beam-to-column connections. To prevent damper from degradation, it must be considered in the design process as far as the large deformations is concerned. As per the design codes, damper’s retainer system TADAS (Chevron braces) should not be damaged and/or buckled. The second defect is related to the looseness of damper’s pins and the looseness of damper’s connection bolts inside their slots. It will be shown that how this looseness causes a delay in the performance of damper and will increase the possibility that the damper plays a lesser role during earthquake. Therefore, the looseness in pins and bolts must be properly prevented. In this study, 10 bolts with 24 mm diameter were used to the connecting damper to floor-beams and Chevron braces.