جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « duplex stainless steel » در نشریات گروه « مواد و متالورژی »

In this research, microstructure and mechanical properties of laser welded joints between 2304 duplex stainless steel and Inconel 718 nickel-based super alloy were investigated. Microstructural evolution in the various areas of welded joints and also the effect of welding parameters on the mechanical properties of dissimilar joints were studied. Response surface methodology based on the central composite design was used in order to find the optimum welding parameters. Effective parameters of the welding process including laser power, travel speed and defocusing distance were set in the range of 1000 to 1900 W, 1 to 5 mm/s and -1 to 1 mm, respectively. Uniaxial tensile test was used to evaluate the fracture force of weld joints. The microstructural observations and phase evolutions were studied using optical microscope. It was found that the fracture force of the weld joints firstly increased by travel speed and defocusing distance and then decreased by further increase. The maximum fracture force was obtained when laser power, travel speed and defocusing distance were 1900 W, 3 mm/s and 0 mm, respectively. The center line of weld metal was mainly consisted of equiaxed grains where, columnar grains were formed in the fusion line. The obtained results from the hardness measurement showed that the hardness of Inconel 718 was decreased due to dissolution of TiC and NbC particles.

In this study, the temperature in friction stir welding of duplex stainless steel has been investigated. At first, temperature estimation was modeled and estimated at different distances from the center of the stir zone by the multivariate Lagrangian function. Then, the linear extrapolation method and multiple linear regression method were used to estimate the temperature outside the range and center of the stir zone. Temperature estimation is based on three parameters rotational speed, welding speed and distance from the center of stir zone. In the first method, by generalizing the multivariate Lagrangian method, the multivariate Lagrangian temperature function was generalized according to the above parameters. In the second method, in order to investigate the effect of the variables in the regression model, a comparison of two complete models and a reduced model based on the sum of squares errors was used. Then, by analyzing the multiple regression equations governing the output variable, a multiple linear regression function was introduced. Since the temperature of the stir zone is not measurable by the thermocouple, so in general the best fit curve for estimating the function is when the modeling is based on parameters that minimize the error function.To implement the multiple linear regression method, the error function was introduced to minimize the sum of the error squares and the error derivative was calculated in relation to the parameters of tool rotation speed, welding speed and distance from the center of the stir zone. Therefore, multiple linear regression method was considered as the basic method and as a criterion with other methods. According to the results obtained from the prediction in the center of the stir zone, the temperature difference in all three methods is desirable and negligible. The maximum temperature difference of multiple linear regression method with multivariate Lagrangian method in all nodes was 18.8 oC and multiple linear regression method with linear extrapolation method was 26.36 oC. Therefore, the multivariate Lagrangian interpolation method is less different than the linear extrapolation method in the center of the stir zone and is more accurate.

In this investigation, the AISI 2205 duplex stainless steel was welded in the form of bead on plate by A-TIG process with different amount of the ZrO2 and TiO2 activated fluxes. The results of the visual inspection showed that the specimen with 50% ZrO2 and 50% TiO2 activated flux, had the lowest face width and the specimen with contains 90% ZrO2 activated flux, had the highest penetration depth. Also, the results showed that the angular distortion of the specimens with mix of the ZrO2 and TiO2 activated flux were 225% less than the specimen without activated flux. The results of macroscopic examination of different samples showed that the maximum length and width of the macroscopic grains were related to the sample with 90% ZrO2 activated flux and the smallest length and width of the macroscopic grains were related to the sample with 90% TiO2 activated flux. The hardness test results showed that the highest hardness of the samples was gained to 90% TiO2 activated flux specimen with 950 HV and the lowest hardness value for the sample with 90% ZrO2 activated flux with 410 HV. The results of all tests showed that surface activated fluxes (ZrO2 and TiO2) affected to the depth of penetration, face width, angular distortion, length and width of macroscopic grains and the hardness of weld metal by changing the longitudinal and transverse melt flow in the weld pool.