جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "energy" در نشریات گروه "مهندسی شیمی، نفت و پلیمر"

Heavy metals are extremely harmful environmental pollutants due to their toxicity, non-biodegradability and environmental accumulation that can affect people and the environment. Microbial fuel cells are a type of bioelectrochemical approach in which bacterial species remove organic pollutants and metal ions from synthetic and industrial wastewater and simultaneously generate electricity. Currently, the real applications of these devices in the world are limited due to the low level of production density. According to the investigations carried out in this article in recent years, microbial fuel cells have been used as one of the ways to remove heavy metals from industrial effluents, and 10 to 100% removal rates were achieved for metals such as gold, chromium, copper, lead, cadmium, mercury, zinc, arsenic and nickel. Also, the parameters affecting the amount of removal were evaluated in these studies, and the optimal conditions are in most cases in the range of neutral pH and in some cases in pH=2, at a temperature of 22 to 35 0C and an external resistance of 200 to 1000 ohms.

Liquefied natural gas is obtained by reducing the temperature of natural gas to a temperature of -160, in this study, by using ASPEN HYSYS software, the PRICO liquefaction cycle, which includes two compressors and a heat exchanger, was simulated. The simulations were performed in two modes of high pressure (7945 Kpa) and low pressure of natural gas (2861 Kpa). The objective function was to minimize the specific energy consumption of the process. The energy consumption was 0.316 kWh / kgLNG, which showed a decrease of 22% compared to the reference value.
From Sensitivity analysis, it was concluded that the higher the molar flow rate of methane, ethane, propane and nitrogen in the refrigerant composition, the higher the specific energy consumption. In addition, it is better to have a high percentage of isopentane in the refrigerant to achieve the lowest specific energy consumption. In addition, the coefficient of performance was examined, which in the high pressure reached 3.12.

Nowadays, the use of renewable energy resources has been considered as one of the imminent issues in human life. By converting solar energy into electricity, solar cells can meet most of the needs of communities for domestic and industrial use. Meanwhile, polymer solar cells have received much attention in recent years for their acceptable performance and easy manufacturing method. Nevertheless, researchers are trying to simultaneously decrease the cost of preparation and increase efficiency. In addition to the high efficacy of polymer solar cells, their stability in the manufacturing process is a challenge. For decades, rapid advances in photovoltaic cells have strongly linked the world of polymers and photovoltaic energies. Stable solar cells can be used in a variety of applications, such as space station equipment, solar vehicles, sensors, traffic lights, clocks and watches and more. Due to their high sensitivity to environmental factors, degradability and susceptibility to oxidation, polymer solar cells are very important in performance and stability. Polymer solar cells with high sensitivity to environmental factors and configuration containing of degradable and oxidizing materials have attached much attention in the discussion of stability and performance. In the present study, effective properties in reducing the stability of polymer solar cells, including semi-stable morphology, oxygen, heat, stress, etc., will be discussed. Moreover, outstanding methods for increasing stability such as architectural manipulation and morphology of the active layer, reverse configuration, optimization of buffer layers, stable electrodes, molecular restructuring of polymers and other components, etc. are reviewed and in each section, the principal researches are briefly discussed.