جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « hydrogen bonding » در نشریات گروه « مهندسی شیمی، نفت و پلیمر »

Hypothesis: 

Chemical cross-linked shape memory polyurethanes (CSMPUs) can have various applications in different fields such as medicine, where mechanical behavior and shape memory are improved in these samples compared to linear shape memory polyurethanes. Shape memory polyurethanes consist of at least two different phases. The first phase, which is in the form of a net point, is responsible for maintaining the permanent shape of the shape memory polyurethane. In contrast, the second phase, also known as shape memory switches, temporarily fixes the temporary shape of the polyurethane by crystallinity. The aim of this research is the synthesis of linear and star polycaprolactones (PCLs) in the first step and the synthesis of CSMPUs using linear and star PCLs in the second step, as well as the investigation and comparison of hydrogen-bonding indices through -C=O groups and -NH CSMPU samples that were synthesized using glycerol as the initiator of the soft segment or the chain extender of the hard segment.

Linear and star polycaprolactones (PCLs) were synthesized using ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of caprolactone, and shape memory polyurethanes with chemical cross-linking (CSMPU) were synthesized using a two-step pre-polymerization method. By changing the molar ratios of the functional groups, the weight percentage of the hard segment in polyurethane samples was kept constant at 10%.

The hydrogen-bond index is decreased with the introduction of glycerol as a chain extender. Also, the degree of crystallinity in CSMPU samples is decreased compared to those of pure PCLs. With the increase of chemical cross-linking the crystallinity of CSMPU samples is decreased. In addition, in the studies of mechanical behavior no significant difference was observed in the presence of glycerol in the soft segment or the hard segment.

Hypothesis: 

Due to the presence of intra- and inter molecular hydrogen bonding in alginate chemical structure, its electrospinning capability is weak. However, this weakness can be improved through substitution of hydroxyl groups by sulfate groups. This article focuses on the role of degree of substitution of sulfate groups on the physicochemical properties of electrospinning solutions, such as viscosity, electrical conductivity and electrospinning conditions.

Sodium sulfated alginate (SSA) was synthesized through the reaction of sodium alginate and chlorosulfonic acid in formamide as the solvent. The amount of chlorosulfonic acid was varied in order to obtain the SSA samples with different degrees of substitution. The chemical structures of neat alginate and SSA were studied by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Degree of sulfation of samples was measured using CHNS elemental analysis, and the electrical conductivity and viscosity of SSA solutions were measured. The SSA nanofibers were fabricated using electrospinning and further crosslinked by a solution of calcium chloride to improve its hydrolytic stability. Finally, the fiber diameter and mechanical properties of the nanofibrous mat were studied by SEM and a tensile mechanical machine.

Both FTIR and 1H NMR analyses have confirmed the formation of sulfate groups in SSA structure. Based on elemental analysis, the degree of substitution (DS) of SSA samples has been measured as 0.9 and 0.5 for SSA1 and SSA0.5, respectively. The electrical conductivity and viscosity of the SSA solutions also increased and decreased by increasing DS, respectively.  The SSA1 sample showed better electrospinning capability and higher SSA content in dry electrospun mat compared to those in SSA0.5 sample. Finally, the crosslinked SSA1 mat revealed a lower mechanical strength compared to SSA0.5 mat due to lower crosslink density and higher chain scission of polymeric chains resulted from sulfation reaction.