جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "water scarcity" در نشریات گروه "مهندسی آب"

Agricultural activities are the largest sector of water consumption in the world and in Iran. Due to the scarcity of water resources, to prevent the reduction of crop production, the use of unconventional water resources, including agricultural drains in the irrigation cycle can be a significant help to eliminate Lack of water resources. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of the system (IFDM) to conserve water resources and prevent environmental degradation in agriculture. Aghili village of Gotvand city, due to having good water and soil, is a suitable bed for the annual production of more than thousands of tons of grain and non-grain products, but unfortunately in this plain we see the production of a huge amount of wastewater. In this study, the values of pH, temperature, DO, BOD, TDS, TSS, EC, sodium, phosphate, nitrate, in a period of five years (95-90) in river water and in the drainage of this plain are analyzed. Took. Based on the obtained results, the quality of drainage is desirable and it can be used in the irrigation cycle mixed with canal water to irrigate salinity-resistant crops such as wheat, autumn barley and summer cotton.

Water scarcity is now one of the most critical challenges in most countries around the world, especially in Iran. One of the key ways to control and manage this issue is the investigation of the water demand. Qom city has always been encountered with a threat due to its location in the dry area of the country and in the absence of proper management in the near future, there will be serious dangers in this field. The purpose of this thesis is investigation of water demand dynamics from method of system dynamics in Qom city. Dynamic of various variables such as population, water demand, surface water resources, ground water, water supply in this model has been used by Vensim software. The maximum relative difference (%) of this model for estimation of water demand was found to be 7%. The change of birth rate from 4% to 2% resulted in 29% reduction of water demand level in 1405 compared with current trend. . Base on this result, the policy of population control had the most important effect on water demand. The price effect on water demand is negligible, so that, 20% increase of price leaded to 2.04% reduction in level of water demand in 1405 compared with current trend.

Governing the risks of extreme events is of importance to advance climate change adaptation. In March 2018, some seventeen years after the beginning of Iran’s devastating drought, the Council of Ministers enacted the Act on Water Shortage Adaptation. The purpose of the act is to balance consumption of the limited resources for apportioning the shortage to the users, equitably. What this article does not critique is the act’s approach to moving from confronting-with-drought to living-with-drought practice. What will be questioned is the approach to act implementation. While the paper review the act’s main articles, it will address the overlooked factors that need to be considers in the implementation phase. It is shown that the most important scientific principle in the common-pool resources’ legislation is to understand the social and behavioral processes that govern the resources. For example, what is the resolution mechanisms if people go rivalry and fall into conflicts? This is exactly what is missing in the act.

Drought and water scarcity are two key phrases in the water resource management. Drought is a large scale natural disaster and its occurrence is beyond control of water resources managers. On the contrary, water scarcity is a result of increasing and wasteful use of water resources, although it may be controlled via proper management decisions aimed at water conservation. Nowadays, these two phenomena often occur simultaneously and result in water deficiency. In this paper, using a conceptual water balance model in an observational-modelling framework, the effects of drought and water scarcity on watershed runoff are separated. This framework was proposed by Van Loon and Van Lanen (2013), which allows the simulation of the natural hydrological response without the impact of human activities. The framework first calibrates a hydrological model during the period that the watershed is not disturbed by human interventions. Then, by comparing with the period when the watershed is influenced by coupled human and natural factors, separates the effect of these two factors. The results indicated that although between the 1379-1380 to 1390-1391 water years, the monthly precipitation decreased by nearly 12% compared with the long-term period of 1351-1352 to 1378-1379, the ecosystem could receive the minimum environmental water requirements while the major cause of water scarcity was extensive human activities. Moreover, even in studied wet years, a considerable decrease in discharge was detected.

Administrative allocation of water in Iran currently leads to more conflicts and severe water sectoral competition., Since the administrative water allocation is based on the low tariffs and not on market prices particularly in agricultural sector, the real value of water is not considered in the system of national account and monetary circular flow of economy. While water resources are the direct and indirect primary input of many commodities and services in the economy. One of the main strategies of coping with water scarcity is market-based allocation for making the highest value. The aim of this study is to analysis the welfare effect of water-based market allocation in the Iranian economy. According to backward and forward linkage effect of water sector on the economy, in this study the computable general equilibrium modeling has been used. In order to consider the real value of water, this study has been added raw water as the factor of production in the social accounting matrix. The results show that the creation of water market under water scarcity condition tended to respectively decreases and increases in the welfare of urban and rural households. Furthermore, the top deciles of rural household’s welfare have been increased in comparison to the lower deciles, which indicate the larger share of ownership of lands with water rights in the higher deciles.