جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Economic » در نشریات گروه « مهندسی آب »

Improvement of water productivity (WP) in the agricultural sector is one of the necessities of sustainable use of water resources, crop production sustainability, water demand reduction, and fulfillment of food security of the increasing population of Iran. Through facilitated brain storming meetings and harvest of the ideas of the experts and resource persons participated from the water and agricultural sectors of the country, the software-managerial (socio-economic and policy–institution) problems, issues, and challenges associated with the improvement of WP in Iran were systematically identified and developed in the form of problem trees. Based on the results, the main socio-economic and policy–institution problems hindering improvement of WP in Iran could be identified in the five following categories namely as: 1) Insufficient accordance of the country’s policies with the WP, 2) lack of proper implemented plans for the integrated management of water supply and demand, 3) lack of proper measures, incentives, and or motivation for investing on the development and of the water resources and O&M of the water infrastructures, 4) low levels of efficiencies in the planning, study, design, and implementation of the country’s water resources and associated infrastructures, and 5) insufficient activities on training and capacity building programs require for the improving of WP.

The concept of eco-efficiency is used as a tool to analyze farm sustainability to relate economic value of an activity to its impact on the environment. SEAT and EVAT software are two modelling tools which combine both economic and environmental viewpoints into a single modelling framework and allow the user to evaluate the water consumption system. In this research, the eco-efficiency index with regard to the environmental impacts of diesel fuel was evaluated in the one of commands area in Sefidroud Irrigation and Drainage. The agricultural lands in this area including paddy rice, tea-garden and fish-culture. The environmental performance of the system was evaluated for climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions from diesel consumption as well the economic performance was measured by using the total value added to the system's final products due to water use and the adopted management practices. Then, the value of area vulnerability was assessed according to eco-efficiency index of climate change. The results showed that the eco-efficiency index in baseline for paddy rice, tea-garden and fish-culture were calculated 3.46, 0.76 and 0.02 Milion Rials/kg 〖CO〗_2 eq, respectively. the results showed that eco-efficiency indicator of scenarios 3 (the percent of irrigation efficiency and return flow are 63% and 5% in paddy rice, respectively) and 4 (replacing 50% of diesel engines with electric motors in fish farming) were increased 17 and 86% in the entire of F1, respectively, in comparison with base scenarios.

Over the past few decades¡ due to human activities¡ aquatic ecosystems have experienced severe damages; Lake Zrêbar¡ located at 3 Km West of Marivan in-Iran¡ is not exempt from this issue. Approximately nine villages as well as the city of Marivan is located in periphery of the lake. The stakeholder analysis methodology was used in this study to assess the socio-economic and political sub-systems of the Lake Zrêbar basin. This analysis showed that over the last few years¡ for various reasons¡ including economic growth¡ demographic dynamics¡ and sediment inflow¡ the lake has faced with environmental and social problems. The wide variety of stakeholders in the lake as well as the complexity of issues has made the case of Lake Zrêbar as a complex problem. The results showed that the stakeholders¡ who are directly active in the region¡ have been ignored. Therefore¡ it is suggested that the ground-based participation of all stakeholders to be carried out. It is also important to take care that the economic benefits of the local communities to get balanced with the pressures loaded on the lake ecosystem. The whole stakeholders should be herad to come up with a comprehensive narration of the lake issues. That process is expected to be effective to attract the stakeholders’ support to the process of sustainable restoration of the lake.

Design of flood control systems are subjected to different kinds of uncertainties of hydrologic, hydraulic, geotechnical, and economic along, due to inherent behavior of flooding and random errors associated with measurement. The purpose of this paper is sensitivity analysis to determining the effect of uncertainties on the dimensions of design parameters.Therefore, using LINGO software a nonlinear optimization model based on risk analysis in both deterministic and probabilistic scheme have been developed for design of one of the most common structural flood control measure. In The probabilistic design, each of uncertainties once separately and once again all together are applied and Monte Carlo simulation for uncertainty analysis has been used. In this paper a reach in the Moali-abad river at north of Shiraz city, has been considered as case study. According to the results of probabilistic and deterministic models, the optimum return period equal to 20 years. Unlike the deterministic model that every output (design parameters) is single valued, stochastic model gives a range for each parameter that its value affected by the uncertainty imposed. The results show that applying the hydrologic uncertainty in the design is more efficient than economic uncertainty, and the economic one is more efficient than the hydraulic uncertainty. In the situation of limited time and budget, it has suggested that at least hydrologic uncertainty has been considered in design.